Critical Thinking: Accreditation 

Efficiency and effectiveness are essential to controlling costs and quality in healthcare organizations. Research global and national accreditation bodies working to accredit facilities in Saudi Arabia. Choose one of these agencies and utilize readings and research to write a 6-7 page paper evaluating the agency and its effect on healthcare organizations for example (JCIA or CABAHI). 

Your paper should address the following substantive requirements: 

1. Description of the agency and the facilities it accredits, 
2. Assess the agency’s impact on efficiency and effectiveness of organizations in Saudi Arabia, 
3. Evaluate accreditation from the aspect of involved stakeholders, and 
4. Compare and contrast facilities with and without the accreditation. 

Your paper should meet the following structural requirements: 

1. Be 6-7 pages in length, not including the cover or reference pages. 
2. Be formatted according to  APA writing guidelines. 
3. Provide support for your statements with in-text citations from a minimum of six scholarly articles. Two of these sources may be from the class readings, textbook, or lectures, but four must be external. 
4. Utilize headings to organize the content in your work. 
5. More citation through the text
6. No Plagiarism
7. The references are not more than 5-6 years ago.

The Affordable Care Act was signed into law by President Barack Obama in March 2010. Many of the provisions of the law directly affect health care providers. Review the following topic materials:

1. “About the Affordable Care Act”
2. “Health Care Transformation: The Affordable Care Act and More”

What are the most important elements of the Affordable Care Act in relation to community and public health? What is the role of the nurse in implementing this law?

Musculoskeletal Function:
G.J. is a 71-year-old overweight woman who presents to the Family Practice Clinic for the first time complaining of a long history of bilateral knee discomfort that becomes worse when it rains and usually feels better when the weather is warm and dry. “My arthritis hasn’t improved a bit this summer though,” she states. Discomfort in the left knee is greater than in the right knee. She has also suffered from low back pain for many years, but recently it has become worse. She is having difficulty using the stairs in her home. The patient had recently visited a rheumatologist who tried a variety of NSAIDs to help her with pain control. The medications gave her mild relief but also caused significant and intolerable stomach discomfort. Her pain was alleviated with oxycodone. However, when she showed increasing tolerance and began insisting on higher doses of the medication, the physician told her that she may need surgery and that he could not prescribe more oxycodone for her. She is now seeking medical care at the Family Practice Clinic. Her knees started to get significantly more painful after she gained 20 pounds during the past nine months. Her joints are most stiff when she has been sitting or lying for some time and they tend to “loosen up” with activity. The patient has always been worried about osteoporosis because several family members have been diagnosed with the disease. However, nonclinical manifestations of osteoporosis have developed.

Case Study Questions
Define osteoarthritis and explain the differences with osteoarthrosis. List and analyze the risk factors that are presented on the case that contribute to the diagnosis of osteoarthritis.
Specify the main differences between osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, make sure to include clinical manifestations, major characteristics, joints usually affected and diagnostic methods.
Describe the different treatment alternatives available, including non-pharmacological and pharmacological that you consider are appropriate for this patient and why.
How would you handle the patient concern about osteoporosis? Describe your interventions and education you would provide to her regarding osteoporosis.

Neurological Function:
H.M is a 67-year-old female, who recently retired from being a school teacher for the last 40 years. Her husband died 2 years ago due to complications of a CVA. Past medical history: hypertension controlled with Olmesartan 20 mg by mouth once a day. Family history no contributory. Last annual visits with PCP with normal results. She lives by herself but her children live close to her and usually visit her two or three times a week.
Her daughter start noticing that her mother is having problems focusing when talking to her, she is not keeping things at home as she used to, often is repeating and asking the same question several times and yesterday she has issues remembering her way back home from the grocery store.

Case Study Questions
Name the most common risks factors for Alzheimer’s disease
Name and describe the similarities and the differences between Alzheimer’s disease, Vascular Dementia, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Frontotemporal dementia.
Define and describe explicit and implicit memory.
Describe the diagnosis criteria developed for the Alzheimer’s disease by the National Institute of Aging and the Alzheimer’s Association
What would be the best therapeutic approach on C.J.

Submission Instructions:
You must complete both case studies.
Your initial post should be at least 500 words per case study, formatted and cited in current APA style with support from at least 2 academic sources. 

A nursing conceptual model is used to set a guideline and is based on a concept.  Nursing theory

describes the knowledge used to support nursing practice and is based on evidence.

In Florence Nightingales Environmental Theory, she states that the nurse can utilize the patient’s

environment to help optimize their healing. This can be done by making sure certain environmental factors

are present such as:

– clean water

-fresh air,

-sunlight

-cleanliness of the environment

-and appropriate drainage

This practice is still used today to aid is patients healing. Although we no longer need to worry about

things such as appropriate drainage, we still maintain a cleanly environment, make sure the patient has fresh

clean water to drink if allowed. In the hospital setting we turn on lights and open blinds during the day and

turn off lights and close the blinds at night.  We fill out the “white boards” to help the patient stay oriented to

date and day as well as who their providers are and the goal for the day. In the hospital where I work, we

have what is called “Quiet Time” It is a 2-hour block during the day from 1430-1630 where the hallway lights

are turned down, the staff is expected to be quieter in their work and no over head paging is allowed. This is

used to decrease stimulation and promote healing in the hospital patients. Signs are posted all around the

hospital notifying staff and visitors of quiet time hours.