t Tests and ANOVA

This week, you explore key statistical concepts related to data and problem solving through the completion of the following exercises using SPSS and the information found in your Statistics and Data Analysis for Nursing Research textbook. The focus of this assignment is to become familiar with the SPSS data analysis software, and to develop an understanding of how to calculate and summarize inferential statistics using t tests and ANOVA.

To prepare:

• Review      the Statistics and Data Analysis for Nursing Research chapters      that you read as a part of the Week 5 Learning Resources. As you do so,      pay close attention to the examples presented—they provide information      that will be useful for you to recall when completing the software      exercises. You may also wish to review the Research Methods for      Evidence-Based Practice video resources.
• Refer      to the Week      5 t Test Exercises (see attached      file) and follow the directions to perform a t test.
• Download      and save the Polit2SetC.sav (see      attached file) data set. You will open the data file in SPSS.
• Compare      your data output against the tables presented in the Week 5 t Test Exercises  SPSS Output.      (see attached file)
• Formulate      an initial interpretation of the meaning or implication of your      calculations.
• Refer      to the Week      5 ANOVA Exercises (see attached file) and      follow the directions to perform an ANOVA using the Polit2SetA.sav       (see attached file) data set.
• Compare      your data output against the tables presented in the Week 5 ANOVA Exercises SPSS Output      (see attached file)
• Formulate      an initial interpretation of the meaning or implication of your      calculations.

To complete:

1) Complete the Part I, Part II, and Part III steps and Assignments as outlined in the Week 5 t Test Exercises (see attached file) page.

2) Complete the steps and Assignment as outlined in the Week 5 ANOVA Exercises (see attached file) page.

3) Create one document with your responses to the t test exercises and the ANOVA exercises.

Required Media

“One Sample T-Test”

Used by permission from SPSSVideoTutor.com A division of Consumer Raters LLC., 1121 S Military Trail, 314, Deerfield Beach, FL 33442, USA

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 3 minutes.

“Independent Samples T-Test” 

Used by permission from SPSSVideoTutor.com A division of Consumer Raters LLC., 1121 S Military Trail, 314, Deerfield Beach, FL 33442, USA 

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 5 minutes.

Dependent Samples T-Test”

Used by permission from SPSSVideoTutor.com A division of Consumer Raters LLC., 1121 S Military Trail, 314, Deerfield Beach, FL 33442, USA

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 6 minutes.

“One-way Analysis of Variance”

SPSSVideoTutor.com A division of Consumer Raters LLC., 1121 S Military Trail, 314, Deerfield Beach, FL 33442, USA

Note: The approximate length of this media piece is 7 minutes.

Required Readings

Gray, J.R., Grove, S.K., & Sutherland, S. (2017). Burns, and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.

Chapter 25, “Using Statistics to Determine Differences”

This excerpt elaborates on how statistics are used to examine causality using procedures such as contingency tables, chi-squares, t tests, and analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Statistics and Data Analysis for Nursing Research

Chapter 5, “Statistical Inference”

This chapter discusses inferential statistics, sampling error, sampling distributions, and the laws of probability. The chapter also introduces key terms such as standard error of mean, hypothesis testing, and parametric test.

Chapter 6, “t Tests: Testing Two Mean Differences”

This chapter considers the various forms of the t test, including the two-sample t test, Kolmogrov-Smirnov test, independent groups t test, and dependent groups t test. The chapter also discusses the many variables involved in these tests such as effect size, meta-analysis, and Cohen’s d.

Chapter 7, “Analysis of Variance” (pp. 137–146 and 155–158)

The first part of this chapter introduces the basic assumptions, requirements, general logic, and terminology surrounding analysis of variance (ANOVA). The second excerpt focuses on sampling distribution of the F ratio and the null and alternative hypotheses.

Jadcherla, S. R., Wang, M., Vijayapal, A. S., & Leuthner, S. R. (2010). Impact of prematurity and co-morbidities on feeding milestones in neonates: A retrospective study. Journal of Perinatology, 30(3), 201–208. doi:10.1038/jp.2009.149

This article outlines the procedures and results of a retrospective study of how perinatal and comorbidity factors affect the rate at which infants meet feeding milestones. The article also includes an application of inferential statistics to the results of the study.

Optional Resources

Shin, J. H. (2009). Application of repeated-measures analysis of variance and hierarchical linear model in nursing research. Nursing Research, 58(3), 211–217. doi:10.1097/NNR.0b013e318199b5ae

Walden University. (n.d.). Analysis of variance. Retrieved August 1, 2011, from http://streaming.waldenu.edu/hdp/researchtutorials/educ8106_player/educ8106_analysis_of_variance_anova.html

Walden University. (n.d.). Inferential statistics. Retrieved August 1, 2011, from http://streaming.waldenu.edu/hdp/researchtutorials/educ8106_player/educ8106_inferential_stats_and_hypothesis_testing.html

Walden University. (n.d.). t-Tests. Retrieved August 1, 2011, from http://streaming.waldenu.edu/hdp/researchtutorials/educ8106_player/educ8106_ttests.html

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Week 2: PICOT/PICo and Practice Questions

• Using the area of interest from Week 1, identify the following.
  • Will you be using a quantitative or qualitative approach for your EBP project proposal?
  • Explain why this approach is the best one to provide information for your area of interest.
  • Create a PICOT/PICo question using the PICOT/PICo format for quantitative and PICo for qualitative approaches.
  • Identify your practice question, being sure to include the following.
    • For a quantitative approach
      • A questioning part such as “what is,” “what are,” “is there,” or “are there”
      • Population being studied
      • Variables being studied
      • Suggestion of the relationship between variables
    • For a qualitative approach
      • Phenomenon or concept of interest
      • Group or population of interest
      • Suggestion of which qualitative research design is being used

Choose either quantitative or qualitative- only the proposed approach needs to be addressed.

 

Discussion, APA6, 2- 3 References Less Than 5 Years, Similarities Less 5%

For our discussion board this week, we will discuss a neurological condition known as Cluster Headache.

Case Study:

Rick is a 30-year-old man with a history of 4 weeks of cluster headache once each year. These began when he was 25 years old. His cluster periods occur in the fall. The cluster period begins slowly, increasing over 1 week, reaching a peak where Richard has two or three severe cluster attacks each day. They occur from 10 p.m. to 3 a.m. Each cluster headache lasts from 40 to 90 minutes, and the headaches are severe. The pain is always on the right side, with eye tearing and nasal congestion. 

Richard comes into our office 1 week into this fall’s cluster series. The headaches are increasing in intensity, and he is miserable with the pain.

Please complete the following questions: 

• 1. Describe Cluster Headache and its epidemiology.
• 2. What would be your goals for therapy for Richard? Give rationale with evidence from articles

 

Assignment:

Explain the flow of funds within an organization including private pay and third party reimbursement.

Assignment Description: This assignment will be at least 1000 words or more

This week you will reflect upon accountability in healthcare to answer the following questions:

• How can you prevent abuses and inefficiencies in third party payments?  
• Briefly define the flow of funds in the Care Organization.
• What challenges do consumers face who are enrolled in private insurance?
• What methods can you use to empower the consumer?

 At its core, pathology is the study of disease. Diseases occur for many reasons. But some, such as cystic fibrosis and Parkinson’s Disease, occur because of alterations that prevent cells from functioning normally.

Understanding of signals and symptoms of alterations in cellular processes is a critical step in diagnosis and treatment of many diseases. For the Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN), this understanding can also help educate patients and guide them through their treatment plans.

For this Discussion, you examine a case study and explain the disease that is suggested. You examine the symptoms reported and explain the cells that are involved and potential alterations and impacts. 

• By Day 1 of this week, you will be assigned to a specific scenario for this Discussion. Please see the “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your assignment from your Instructor.

Post an explanation of the disease highlighted in the scenario you were provided. Include the following in your explanation:

• The role genetics plays in the disease.
• Why the patient is presenting with the specific symptoms described.
• The physiologic response to the stimulus presented in the scenario and why you think this response occurred.
• The cells that are involved in this process.
• How another characteristic (e.g., gender, genetics) would change your response.