Choose a contemporary moral issue in our society and apply the ethical principle of Utilitarianism to approve and be in favor of this moral issue. You must pick a moral issue that you strongly agree with and apply the utilitarian claims to back up your arguments. In addition, you must apply Bentham’s Felicific Calculus. The paper must be done in MLA format with a minimum of 500 words (quotes are not included in the word count). You must read Chapter 2 (Book Ethics) and watch the Week 3 Lectures before you do this paper. You must use at least 3 sources from LIRN, in our library. This assignment is due on Jun 20th, NO LATER than at 11:59 pm. Not applying Utilitarianism or the Felicific Calculus results in an automatic F. Utilitarianism is the ethical theory that the moral worth of an action is only determined by its contribution to overall utility . It is thus a form of consequentialism , meaning that the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome-the ends justifies the means.  

Please answer to this discussion post. At least two paragraphs with a minimum of two references, APA style and plagiarism. 

-In 1997, two drugs, bromfenac and troglitazone, prompted the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to begin a cycle of yearly conferences to review issues of drug – induced liver injury (DILI). This was after the two drugs had shown serious fatal liver toxicity. Drug application reviewers were the first invitees to the conference in 1999. Academic consultants and pharmaceutical industry were later involved in 2001. As a result, FDA released a guidance entitled: “Guidance for Industry Drug-Induced Liver Injury: Premarketing Clinical Evaluation” (Senior 2014). This presentation was a rational approach was meant to assist in assessment of liver safety in clinical trials.

FDA identified DILI as a key area of focus in a joint effort to broaden the industry’s knowledge in liver toxicity. Since the guideline in 2009, DILI has been the main cause of most drug marketing withdrawals. FDA proposes standard non-clinical toxicity as the cornerstone for preventing hepatotoxicity in humans despite their predictive power being unsatisfactory (Senior 2014). As such, new tests with improved sensitivity and specificity are needed are required to predict hepatotoxicity in clinics.

The guidance describes observations needed to evaluate indicators of hepatotoxic potential. According to Senior (2014), these observations include detection, reaffirmation and examining of liver test abnormalities. The industry then does close evaluation excluding other possible caused of liver toxicity. Lastly, the FDA guidance requires the industry to those affected. This largely involves supportive care till return to baseline status or normality. FDA also makes specific recommendations in the presentation on why some people are more susceptible to DILI. It proposes the use and evaluation of Hy’s Law cases that are discovered through clinical examination. 

Reference

Senior, J. R. (2014). Evolution of the Food and Drug Administration approach to liver safety  assessment for new drugs: current status and challenges. Drug safety, 37(1), 9-17.

 opic 2 DQ 1

Taking into consideration that she is a Roman Catholic nun, what would be the ideal course of patient education as this woman progresses from department to department?

The patient’s norms and values have to be addressed. Each patient has differing beliefs in relation to illness. It is important to understand Sister Mary’s needs and priorities so the education can be tailored to her and promote comprehension (Falvo, 2011). Being a Roman Catholic nun can shape the patient’s perception and attitude towards medical support. The healthcare professionals is responsible for being sensitive and respectful of the patient’s beliefs. The patient should be asked about her comfort levels and that information should be relied from department to department. For example, will the patient be comfortable being dressed in a hospital gown when under a male nurse’s care? The patient should be made aware of each procedure and test being completed and asked for permission before proceeding.The patient should be given all the information about the diagnostic testing and treatment plan so she can make an informed decision (Rothenberg, 2003). If the patient allows, a chaplain or priest can be present as support. Time should also be made for the patient to pray. 

Sister Mary is a patient in Level 2 Emergency Department. She must have a neural examination, physical assessment, radiographs of her facial bones, and a computed tomography scan of the head. Taking into consideration that she is a Roman Catholic nun, what would be the ideal course of patient education as this woman progresses from department to department? 

Using 200-300 words APA format with at least two references. Sources must be published within the last 5 years

• Craft a 3-4 page response to the question, “Is income inequality inevitable?” In doing so be sure that you analyze factors that cause economic inequality, as well as propose solutions to reduce inequality.
  Introduction
  Inequality is a central concept in sociology. Every society has a stratification system—an arrangement of society into groups that are unequal with regard to things valued in that society. In the United States, for example, we stratify people based on social class (or how much income and wealth they have). Our location within the stratification system impacts much of our lives. How would your life be different if you came from a family with billions of dollars? Would you have gone to the same school? Played with the same toys? Gone on the same vacations?
  While inequality exists in every society, it tends to be different as to how it is structured according to time period or location. In earlier times, inequality was based on who owned the land. Today, it is shaped by a variety of factors including income, wealth, gender, race/ethnicity, age, and ability status. For example, women and some racial/ethnic groups make less for the same work as males. Despite this, we have a tendency in the United States to believe that neither social class nor class conflict exist. Unfortunately, research and data suggest otherwise. We still have a division of people based on their income and wealth, with some at the top and others at the bottom. While we belong to a wealthy, industrially developed country, poverty still exists.
  Sociologists examine these issues of poverty and inequality in a society and try to better understand why structures of inequality exist in society. Do you think inequality is always going to exist? Focus on this as you delve into the resources and prepare for the assessment.
  Demonstration of Proficiency
  By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:
  • Competency 3: Explain the significance of social inequality for the individual and society. 
    • Explain whether or not economic inequality is inevitable.
    • Propose strategies to reduce inequality.
  • Competency 5: Analyze the impact of social change on society and social institutions. 
    • Examine potential changes to increase equality of opportunity.
    • Analyze factors that contribute to the growth of economic inequality.
  • Competency 6: Compose text that articulates meaning relevant to its purpose and audience. 
    • Develop text using organization, structure, and transitions that demonstrate understanding of cohesion between main and subtopics.
  • American culture emphasizes self-sufficiency and working hard to get where you want. It is assumed that everyone has the ability to succeed if they work hard enough. For this assessment, write a paper applying key concepts regarding social stratification to argue for or against the inevitability of economic inequality. While there are many forms of inequality in the United States, for this assessment we will be focusing solely on economic inequality.
    Deliverable
    Write an essay in which you complete all of the following:
  • Part 1: Explain whether or not you think economic inequality is inevitable. 
    • Respond to the question: Is economic inequality inevitable? Why or why not?
  • Part 2: Analyze factors that contribute to growing economic inequality. 
    • Analyze what factors have contributed to the growth of economic inequality in the past few decades. What factors cause economic inequality?
    • Propose strategies to reduce economic inequality.
  • Part 3: Examine ways to increase equality of opportunity. 
    • Reflect on ideas of equal opportunity and analyze why or why not you think American society provides everyone with an equal opportunity for success.
    • Examine what kinds of changes would help establish greater equality of opportunity for everyone in American society.​​​​
  • Additional Requirements
  • Written communication: Develop text using organization, structure, and transitions that demonstrate understanding of cohesion between main and subtopics. Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
  • Sources: Cite at least three scholarly sources.
  • Length: 3–4 pages, not including title and reference pages.
  • Format: Include a title page and reference page. Use in-text citations to cite your sources. [Example: Writing becomes better as the child matures (Britton, Thomas, & Miller, 1996).]
  • Font and size: Times New Roman, 12-point.