hi dear,

 can help me to finish this assignment with good quality and be on time please?

 I just need to response to the Discussions, and about 50 words for each responses.

1)  The two populations I chose to discuss smoking behavior and prevalence are young adults and the elderly people. Nearly 9 out of 10 cigarette smokers first tried smoking by age 18, and 98% first tried smoking by age 26 (CDC, 2019). Each day in the United States, about 2,000 youth less than 18 years of age smoke their first cigarette, and each day in the Unite States more than 300 youth under 18 years of age become daily cigarette smokers (CDC, 2019). Smoking prevalence in the United States is lower among older adults (8.3%) compared with younger adults (22.2%); however older adults are half as likely to try to quit as smokers aged 18 to 24 years (25.3% vs. 53.1%) (Kleykamp & Heishman, 2011).  Lung cancer, COPD (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease) and heart disease are some the main disease that is resulted from bad smoking habits. The long-term aspect of smoking causes these diseases and is difficult to reverse the effects of smoking. Overall, it is important to continue educating the youth about the consequences of smoking and as well as providing resources for the elderly to help them stop smoking. Determining readability should come with these points such as using common words, concrete language, conversational tone, explaining technical terms and writing in an active voice. Learning about the local populations is important to developing relevant, appropriate materials. Many health messages are lost on members of minority populations because of poor translation (Bensley & Brookins-Fisher, 2009). It should be highly prioritized to have the intended audience understand what is being conveyed through these campaigns so they are able to fully grasp the material. Furthermore, communicating these health messages are important to reach out to the populations have a successful campaign.The article I chose was the article in regards to Asian American, there was a total of 18 sentences and within those sentences I was able to count 37 3 or more syllables. I multiplied 37 by 1.67 and got 61.79, which means that the article is at an 11th grade reading level.  If my calculations and counting are correct, this would mean that the article does not comply with the regulated 6th to 8th grade reading level. However, the article addressed diversity in connection to the group it was created for, which served it’s purpose. Furthermore, it is important that the targeted audiences are able to understand the material so they are able to practice what is being preached to them.

2) Current smoking rates for Asian American’s are 9% smoke and 16.5% African American’s smoke. (CDC, 2018a/c) The top three leading causes of death for Asian Americans are cancer, heart disease, and stroke. The top three leading causes of death for African Americans are heart disease, cancer, and stroke. Smoking puts people at an increased risk for all three of these health concerns. Cigarette smokers has fallen from 2005 to 2016 in Asian Americans; from 13.3% to 9% (this is roughly 1 in 11 down from 1 in 7). Print materials should have a clear targeted audience and there must be a specific goals/objective. After these have been decided the content and visual aids can be developed. This means taking key points rather than long paragraphs and that the layout is not confusing. Once the material has been developed it is reviewed and evaluated internally, so that it can be tested within a small test group and any fixed can be made before mass production. (Bensley & Brookins-Fisher, 2009)  Utilizing the SMOG Readability Formula on the Tips Campaign for African Americans the grade level equaled out to grade 11. (CDC, 2018c)  This is a word count between 57-72; the article word count for the article was 65. The article Tips Campaign for African Americans is above the recommended grade level for health materials, however there could be some error in that as the article was just 30 sentences and I could have possibly miscounted. This particular article, I feel didn’t reach out to the African American public enough, the interviews were from two African American women. I think there should have been more health related facts to health concerns that African Americans face, rather than personal testimonies. 

Thanks,

Chief executive officer (CEO) Beranger is aware that there are many ethical issues that arise as health care organizations struggle to balance the commitment to their mission and maintain their profit margin. She would like you to discuss how the financial complexity of the health care organization can lead to ethical challenges. She would also like you to discuss the delicate balance between mission and profit margin that Silver Creek Hospital must consider.  To respond to CEO Beranger, you prepare a Power Point presentation of 6-8 slides not including title and reference slides.  Include for each slide 75-100 words of speaker notes.  Include at least 2 scholarly resources using APA formatting.

 

 

The physical examination should include components that are relevant to the patient’s complaint and with the patient’s history in mind. Thyroid palpation and an abdominal assessment are appropriate for all individuals with complaints of painful menstruation. A pelvic examination and bimanual exam are appropriate tests for sexually active individuals (Osavande & Mehulic, 2014). Adolescents that are not sexually active with histories consistent with primary dysmenorrhea do not need to have a pelvic examination (Osavande & Mehulic, 2014). Laboratory tests may be used pending the relevance determined by the provider. Laboratory tests may include: pregnancy test, CBC, thyroid function tests, vaginal and endocervical swabs, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and urinalysis (Osayande & Mehulic, 2014). Additional tests may be ordered as necessary.

Diagnosis and Differentials

Without more information, the initial diagnosis in this case would be unspecified dysmenorrhea (ICD-10: N94.6). Further information and evaluations may be needed to rule out secondary causes of dysmenorrhea, if clinical findings are suspicious for secondary dysmenorrhea. Differential diagnoses may be: primary dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, pelvic inflammatory disease, fibroids, or uterine cancer (Hackley & Kriebs, 2017).

Therapies

Pharmacological therapies for primary dysmenorrhea include NSAIDs or oral contraceptives (Osavande & Mehulic, 2014). Strong evidence supports the use of NSAIDs as the first line treatment for primary dysmenorrhea (Osavande & Mehulic, 2014). The choice of NSAID should be made on an individual basis, though over-the-counter ibuprofen, Aleve, or Midol are popular and effective choices (Osavande & Mehulic, 2014). The decision to use oral contraceptives should be made by the patient after thorough education and risks are explained to the patient.

The most effective non-pharmacological therapy used to treat primary dysmenorrhea is the topical application of heat (Osavande & Mehulic, 2014). Some dietary supplements, such as omega 3 fatty acids and B vitamins, have shown mixed effectiveness for controlling menstrual pain (Osavande & Mehulic, 2014). Lifestyle modifications can also assist in decreasing painful menstruation. Some evidence suggests low fat or vegetarian diets can decrease intensity and duration of menstrual cramps (Alsaleem, 2018). Obesity and smoking are other factors that can be modified to improve menstrual cramps, through weight loss and smoking cessation, respectfully (Hackley & Kriebs, 2017). Stress reduction techniques may also improve symptoms in stressed individuals (Osavande & Mehulic, 2014).

Follow-Up

If symptoms of primary dysmenorrhea improve with the pharmacological adjustments and non-pharmacological interventions, Osavande and Mehulic (2014) recommend continuing treatment and reassessing every six months. If symptoms are not relieved, the patient should return to the clinic for further evaluation after menstruation.  

References

Alsaleem M. A. (2018). Dysmenorrhea, associated symptoms, and management among students at King Khalid University, Saudi Arabia: An exploratory study. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 7(4), 769-774. https://dx.doi.org/10.4103%2Fjfmpc.jfmpc_113_18

Hackley, B. & Kriebs, J. (2017). Primary care of women. Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Osayande, A. & Mehulic, S. (2014). Diagnosis and initial management of dysmenorrhea. American Family Physician, 89(5), 341-346. Retrieved from https://www.aafp.org/afp/2014/0301/p341.html

 

“Vertigo is defined as a hallucination of motion of the body or the environment and may be rotatory or linear… it is a cardinal symptom of vestibular system disease” (Smouha, 2013, pp. 456). The most common causes of vertigo include benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV), Meniere’s disease, inner ear infections and/or vestibular neuritis. When treating vertigo, the provider will focus on the cause rather than the symptoms. For example, if a patient has Meniere’s disease, then the provider may prescribe them a diuretic or recommend a low sodium diet to help reduce the amount of fluid pressure on the inner ear. If the patient is experiencing BPPV, then they are usually treated with exercises, physical therapy and slow-positioning maneuvers.

Lightheadedness

“Lightheadedness (syncope or near-syncope) is cardiovascular or cerebrovascular in origin, or occasionally metabolic (e.g., hypoglycemia), but almost never vestibular” (Smouha, 2013, pp. 456). The most common causes of lightheadedness include orthostatic hypotension (sudden drop in blood pressure when a patient stands up), illnesses (cold, flu, allergies, etc.), certain medications, arrhythmia, anxiety stroke, anemia and/or neurological conditions. Treating lightheadedness is like treating vertigo even though it is not the same causes – you would treat a patient that is lightheaded with potential medications, head position maneuvers, balance therapy or psychotherapy for something caused by an anxiety disorder.

Referral

With treating an individual with either vertigo or lightheadedness, a referral to Ear, Nose and Throat (ENT) should be recommended when the patient is experiencing reoccurring episodes – regardless of the cause because there may be an underlying condition that should be further evaluated by a specialist.

Reference

Smouha, E. (2013). Inner ear disorders. NeuroRehabilitation, 32(3), 455–462.

https://doi.org/10.3233/NRE-130868 (Links to an external site.)Links to an external site.

• Levo, H., Kentala, E., Rasku, J., Pyykko, I. (2013). Fatigue in Meniere’s Disease. Hearing, Balance,
  and Communication, 11, 191-197. DOI: 10.3109/21695717.2013.835090
   
• Amanda DavisAmanda Davis
  10:28am