During the early stages of nursing it was considered a low-class job performed by widows and criminals and was seen unfit for women. Men rendered most of the nursing care in the early ages.

Changes came about with the introduction of Florence Nightingale who instituted formal training and aseptic technique during the Crimean war.

Another Great leader in nursing is Dorothea Dix who founded the first mental Hospital in America and became the Superintendent of Union Army Nurses.

During the Civil war Clara Burton was “The angel of the battlefield” and assigned special duties by president Lincoln. She was responsible for organizing what we know today as The American Red Cross.

In 1927 Margaret Sanger formed the World Population Conference when she realized unplanned pregnancies were worse in underprivileged areas.

Virginia Avenel Henderson deemed “the first lady of nursing” for her development of nursing theory

All of these great leaders in nursing have paved the path and led the way for the great profession it is today.

 Imagine that you are an administrator in a health services organization, and the CEO of your organization asks you to assess and report on developments that are likely to affect the organization’s success. What will you discover as you investigate changes in your community and the broader health care landscape?  In preparation for this Assignment, review your completed Module 3 Assignment, including any feedback you received from your Instructor. Select one organization from that Assignment on which to focus for this Assignment (i.e., imagine that this organization is the one in which you work).  Use the Learning Resources provided in this module, as well as previous modules, and locate additional sources through the Walden Library and credible websites to conduct your research. Use the following questions to guide your investigation:  What are the prevalent health concerns in this community? What are the key issues related to cost, quality, and access that affect the organization and the people this organization serves? Which organizations in this area are business competitors and/or which organizations use highly effective practices or strategies that this organization may learn from or adopt? How will demographics and health reform likely impact the organization, as well as the broader community, in the next 5 years? Next, review the information on business writing included in the Learning Resources. Consider what the central point of your memo should be. For instance, is there a critical challenge the organization is likely to encounter? Does the information you have gathered suggest the need for a particular course of action or a new business direction? If so, use this memo to inform and influence the CEO. If not, share the findings of your research with the assumption that the CEO will use this information as a launching point for future discussions.  The Assignment  Write a 2- to 3-page business memo in which you address:  Prevalent health concerns in the community Issues related to cost, quality, and access that affect the organization and the people it serves Organizations in the community that are business competitors and/or from which you can learn highly effective practices or strategies Ways in which changing demographics and health reform will likely affect your organization and the broader community in the next 5 years Your Assignment must be written in standard edited English. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from this module’s Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the Essential Guide to APA Style for Walden Students to ensure that your in-text citations and reference list are correct. See the rubric for additional requirements related to research and scholarly writing. 

                                  Annotated Bibliography

The purpose of this assignment is to be able to actively search for relevant research related to your PICOT topic and present it in a formal annotated bibliography.

General Requirements:

• Refer to the resource, “Preparing Annotated Bibliographies,” located in the Student Success Center, for additional guidance on completing this assignment in the appropriate style.

• Doctoral learners are required to use Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide.

• You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

Directions:

As you search the library for scholarly research, limit your search to identify empirical articles. You can use the “Empirical Research Checklist” to help with this determination. Upon finding an empirical study, assess the validity of the conclusion by determining if the conclusion answers your proposed research question and if the methodology is appropriate.

Using the “Empirical Research Checklist” and your knowledge of finding empirical research articles, locate six articles directly related to your proposed PICOT question. You may use the three you used for the assignment in Topic 4.

Draft PICOT question: What is the impact of medication administration errors in pediatric patients?

Write an annotation for each of the six articles that includes a concise summary in your own words and the correct APA citation for each article.

ARTICLES PREVIOUSLY USED

References

Ameer, A. (2015). Safety measures to reduce medication administration errors in paediatric intensive care unit Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2299/16352

Bailey, C. R. (2002). Medication errors and adverse drug events in pediatric inpatients. Survey of Anesthesiology, 46(3), 158-159. doi:10.1097/00132586-200206000-00041

Kaushal, R., Bates, D. W., Landrigan, C., McKenna, K. J., Clapp, M. D., Federico, F., & Goldmann, D. A. (2001). Medication errors and adverse drug events in pediatric inpatients. Jama, 285(16), 2114-2120. doi:10.1001/jama.285.16.2114

New findings reported from johns hopkins university describe advances in pediatrics (interventions to reduce pediatric medication errors: A systematic review). (2014, Sep 20,). Pediatrics Week

Rinke ML, bundy DG, velasquez CA, rao S, zerhouni Y, lobner K, blanck JF, miller MR. interventions to reduce pediatric medication errors: A systematic review. pediatrics. 2014;134(2):338-360. (2015). Pediatrics, 136(3), 583. doi:10.1542/peds.2015-1344

Souza, Thais Lima Vieira De, Mota, R. d. O., Brito, Eva Anny Wélly de Souza, Farias, Laryssa Miranda Vidal Cavalcante, Matias, É O., & Lima, F. E. T. (2018). Patient safety in the administration of intramuscular medication in pediatrics: Assessment of the nursing practice. Revista Gaucha De Enfermagem, 39(1), e2017. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/29846477

Safety in medication administration in pediatrics. Retrieved from http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S0103-21002012000400025&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en

A nursing conceptual model is used to set a guideline and is based on a concept.  Nursing theory

describes the knowledge used to support nursing practice and is based on evidence.

In Florence Nightingales Environmental Theory, she states that the nurse can utilize the patient’s

environment to help optimize their healing. This can be done by making sure certain environmental factors

are present such as:

– clean water

-fresh air,

-sunlight

-cleanliness of the environment

-and appropriate drainage

This practice is still used today to aid is patients healing. Although we no longer need to worry about

things such as appropriate drainage, we still maintain a cleanly environment, make sure the patient has fresh

clean water to drink if allowed. In the hospital setting we turn on lights and open blinds during the day and

turn off lights and close the blinds at night.  We fill out the “white boards” to help the patient stay oriented to

date and day as well as who their providers are and the goal for the day. In the hospital where I work, we

have what is called “Quiet Time” It is a 2-hour block during the day from 1430-1630 where the hallway lights

are turned down, the staff is expected to be quieter in their work and no over head paging is allowed. This is

used to decrease stimulation and promote healing in the hospital patients. Signs are posted all around the

hospital notifying staff and visitors of quiet time hours.