here are several definitions available for the term “vulnerable population”, the words simply imply the disadvantaged sub-segment of the community requiring utmost care, specific ancillary considerations and augmented protections in research (Shivayogi, 2013).  The risk of a vulnerable population is the decreased freewill to inability to make informed choices.  The vulnerable populations refers to but not limited to “children, minors, pregnant women, fetuses, human in vitro fertilization, prisoners, employees, military persons and students in hierarchical organizations, terminally ill, comatose, physically and intellectually challenged individuals, institutionalized, elderly individuals, visual or hearing impaired, ethnic minorities, refugees, international research, economically and educationally disabled and healthy volunteers” (Griffith, 2015). Ethical dilemmas are widely prevalent in research involving these populations with regard to communications, data privacy and therapeutic deliberations (Shivayogi, 2013).  In this discussion board, I will focus on the avoidance of paternalism in healthcare. 

Misuse of Power

The word paternalism also alludes to patriarchal power structures. Paternalism reduces the patient to a passive recipient of care and forces the patient to depend on the integrity and self-regulation of the providers (Cody, 2003).  Certain persons are far more likely than others to be treated in a paternalistic manner.  In regards to research, with respect to research involving children, incompetent adults, and other arguably vulnerable populations such as prisoners, there can be a misuse of power.

The Federal Policy for the Protection of Human Subjects or the “Common Rule” was published in 1991 to protect women, fetuses, children, and prisoners (Miller & Wertheimer, 2007).  Common Rule outlines the basic requirements for IRBs, informed consent, and Assurances of Compliance.  Last year, the Common Rule was revised for the first time since its publication in 1991 in order to strengthen protections for study participants.  High on the list of priorities is helping people make better decisions about whether to participate in a clinical trial. One key goal: ensuring the risks and benefits of participation are clear. The need for the revision was because participant consents have become documents that protect the agency performing the procedure more than outlining the risks and benefits to the potential participant. 

Conclusion

Nurse advocacy plays an important role in helping patients understand their rights and exercise their autonomy; protecting those who are vulnerable and advocating conscientious clinical and ethical research systems.  A lack of informed consent (IC), with coercive, guileful, forceful influences and methods to secure potential participants results in deficient evidence-based health care (Griffith, 2015).  NP’s are held to professional standards for professional practice and behavior in all areas of medicine.

                                                               References

Cody, W. K. (2003). Paternalism in Nursing and Healthcare: Central Issues and their Relation to

Theory. Nursing Science Quarterly, 16(4), 288–296. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894318403257170

Griffith, R. (2015). Understanding the Code: safeguarding vulnerable adults. British Journal Of

Community Nursing, 20(11), 564–566. https://doi-org.arbor.idm.oclc.org/10.12968/bjcn.2015.20.11.564

Miller, F. G., & Wertheimer, A. (2007). Facing up to paternalism in research ethics. The

Hastings Center Report, 37(3), 24–34. Retrieved from http://arbor.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mnh&AN=17649900&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Shivayogi P. (2013). Vulnerable population and methods for their safeguard. Perspectives in

clinical research, 4(1), 53-7.

 

Now that you have completed a series of assignments that have led you   into the active project planning and development stage for your   project, briefly describe your proposed solution to address the   problem, issue, suggestion, initiative, or educational need and how it   has changed since you first envisioned it. What led to your current   perspective and direction?

  

Please include the following in your paper: 

1. Background information on the health condition. 

      a. Scope of the problem—-the population at risk. 

      b. How many Americans are affected by this health condition. 

      c. Geographic region the problem is mostly found, if any.

      d. Brief explanation of the health condition. 

      e. How is the health condition treated. 

2. Discuss the health disparity of the health condition. 

      a. Each of the conditions listed is considered to be a health disparity in the US. 

      b. Research how the condition is a disparity and why. 

      c. Who is affected??

      d. Is there anything being done to address health disparities in this country. –

      i. Look up “healthy People 2020”

      e. What can nursing do…..what is nursing’s role is health disparities. 

3. Nursing Education, health promotion and disease prevention. 

      a. Discuss what you, the nurse, can do to address this aspect of nursing. 

Please use at least one article from a nursing journal. 

Send a pdf of your article along with your paper either by email or hard copy to me. 

In addition, you may use websites for information, BUT……. Be careful. They should be high quality websites, like CDC or ANA, Medscape, etc. 

This paper is to be 5 pages long. 

APA format with reference page, title page (which are not counted in the 5 page requirement). 

Remember you must use an in-text citation for every sentence that is not your own idea. 

   

 

Respond to the Post that is bellow using one or more of the following approaches: 

Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

Validate an idea with your own experience and additional sources.

Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings, or after synthesizing multiple postings.

NOTE: THE ANSWER THAT YOU ARE GOING TO DO IN REFERENCE OF THIS POST, HAS TO BE IN A POSITIVE WAY, REFLECTING THE POSITIVE OF THE POST THAT THE STUDENT MADE. 

                                           Initial Discussion Post

                                             Literature Searches

          Nursing is a field filled with numerous  policies and procedures.  To understand these policies and procedures,  the practice of research and knowledge acquisition is essential.  The  method of incorporating proper research into daily practice is called  evidence-based practice (Polit & Beck, 2017).  The goal of using  evidence-based practice is to move away from traditions and ritual by  incorporating tested research evidence that supports clinical practices  (Polit & Beck, 2017).

Summary of Article Search

            Based on the  evidence hierarchy by Polit & Beck (2017), and the levels of  evidence presented in class I was able to evaluate research articles  (Walden University, 2018).  When looking for specific research for my  topic, I searched for the highest level of evidence.  There are three  types of research which are: primary, synthesized or secondary, and  others such as expert opinions or practice questions (Polit & Beck,  2017). 

            My PICOT  question is: In patients with acute pain in the emergency department,  what is the effect of Ketamine use for the reduction of pain compared to  opioid medications during their ED visit? To begin the search, I used  the keywords Ketamine, analgesia, sedation and emergency medicine.   Using these words, I was able to find 408 results.  I further limited my  search to ten years which yielded 297 results.  Finally, I used  systematic reviews, meta-analysis and randomized control trials (RCTs)  for my final search narrowing the articles to 111.  Upon examination of  the articles, I found the articles based on systematic reviews,  meta-analysis and RCTs provided detailed research including abstracts,  methods of trials, results, discussion, limitations, and conclusion.   Each of these sections specifies the purpose of the study in detail. 

          Using this framework for literature review  ensures relevant research is used to answer evidence seeking questions.   Davies (2011) comments, “detailed knowledge of the frameworks enables  the searcher to refine strategies to suit each particular situation  rather than trying to fit a search situation to a framework” (p. 79).   By using a timeframe such as the past ten years, it is easier to see the  relevance of the information to clinical practice today.  An active  literature search will yield the most appropriate information for the  question being posed.

References

Davies, K. S. (2011). Formulating the evidence-based practice question: a review of the frameworks. Evidence Based Library and Information Practice, 6(2), 75-80. Retrieved from https://ejournals.library.ualberta.ca/index.php/EBLIP/article/viewFile/97418144

Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2017). Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (10th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer.

Walden University Library. (2018). Levels of evidence. Retrieved from http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/c.php?g=80240&p=52322

 

Effective oral communication is essential in the business setting, especially when it comes to achieving buy-in for significant, complex, or costly change. To practice your oral communication skills, create a 5-7 minute oral presentation of your strategic plan for your manager or director or other essential stakeholders whose approval you would require. Be sure to address the “why” and “how” for your strategic plan in the presentation, providing all the necessary details your audience needs to make an informed decision. Record yourself presenting the plan using YouTube or any other video site that allows you to post your video. Adhere to the following:

1. Be sure to demonstrate appropriate and meaningful professionalism for the intended audience which include proper pace, tone, inflection, pronunciation, and meaningful gestures that convey clarity. 
2. Be sure the audio included in the video is clear and free of technological glitches that diminish the audio quality.
3. Be sure the visual appearance of the video is free of technological glitches that diminish the visual quality.

Please refer to the “How to Share a Private YouTube Video” if you are concerned with privacy issues. Please help from Rn studying leadership point of  view. Interested in prevention of readmission. Help please. Thanks. Important section of the rubric is  “An oral explanation of the strategic plan is included. Plan includes relevant examples and applicable insight. Plan demonstrates comprehensive subject knowledge and understanding”.  “The content is written clearly and concisely. Ideas universally progress and relate to each other. The project includes motivating questions and advanced organizers. The project gives the audience a clear sense of the main idea”.