A walk through the Business section of any bookstore or a quick Internet search on the topic will reveal a seemingly endless supply of writings on leadership. Formal research literature is also teeming with volumes on the subject.

However, your own observation and experiences may suggest these theories are not always so easily found in practice. Not that the potential isn’t there; current evidence suggests that leadership factors such as emotional intelligence and transformational leadership behaviors, for example, can be highly effective for leading nurses and organizations.

Yet, how well are these theories put to practice? In this Discussion, you will examine formal leadership theories. You will compare these theories to behaviors you have observed firsthand and discuss their effectiveness in impacting your organization.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and examine the leadership theories and behaviors introduced.
• Identify two to three scholarly resources, in addition to this Module’s readings, that evaluate the impact of leadership behaviors in creating healthy work environments.
• Reflect on the leadership behaviors presented in the three resources that you selected for review.

By Day 3 of Week 4

Post two key insights you had from the scholarly resources you selected. Describe a leader whom you have seen use such behaviors and skills, or a situation where you have seen these behaviors and skills used in practice. Be specific and provide examples. Then, explain to what extent these skills were effective and how their practice impacted the workplace.

Field of study:  Nursing 

(minimum of 250 words with peer review reference)

Consider an organization in your field or industry. Describe the essential systems necessary to facilitate continuous change without compromising quality or causing burnout among employees. Describe three factors to consider when making sure that the changes made become permanently imbedded in the organization’s culture. 

Dorothy Troutman    4 posts   Re: Topic 8 DQ 1  For my evidence-based project I will need to collect independent variables including the nurses’ response to whether they are more comfortable recognizing and treating hemorrhage. Additionally, I must collect data on the dependent variables including hemorrhage rate and transfusion rate. I will evaluate if the nurses’ improved comfort level in recognizing and treating hemorrhage decreases the rate of hemorrhage and rate of transfusion. It is important to remember that the dependent variable depends on another variable (the independent variable). We must understand the relationship between the two in order to understand the outcomes of research (L. Flannelly, K. Flannelly, and Jankowski, 2014).  The goal of my project is to decrease the overall number of hemorrhages patients experience after giving birth, as well as to decrease the number of transfusions needed to treat hemorrhage. By decreasing the hemorrhage, and transfusion rates we will improve patient outcomes and decrease maternal morbidity. I plan to track hemorrhage rates post education and compare them to the pre-education hemorrhage rates. I will do the same thing with transfusion rates.  

Reference  Flannelly, L. T., Flannelly, K. J., & Jankowski, K. R. B. (2014). Independent, dependent, and other  variables in healthcare and chaplaincy research. Journal of Health Care Chaplaincy, 20(4), 161–170.  doi:10.1080/08854726.2014.959374

Carrie Smithson    1 posts   Re: Topic 8 DQ 2            Not all EBP projects result in statistically significant results. In this discussion, I will define clinical significance, and explain the difference between clinical and statistical significance. “Statistical significance measures how likely that any apparent differences in outcome between treatment and control groups are real and not due by chance” (Leung, 2019, para. 2). There are common measures used with statistical significance such as p values and confidence intervals. The p values give the probability that any particular outcome would have arisen by chance with the assumption that the new and the control treatments are equally effective as the null hypothesis. Confidence intervals estimate the range which the real results would fall if the trial is conducted many times. “Clinical significance measures how large the differences in treatment effects are in clinical practice” (Leung, 2019, para. 3). Relative risk is independent of the prevalence of the disease and can be applied to populations with different prevalence of the disease. Relative risk is the ratio of the risks in the treatment group to the event rate in the control group. Statistical significance is all about numbers and data collection whereas clinical significance is how the EBP affects the clinical setting as a whole. I can use clinical significance to support positive outcomes in my project. Once the staff is taught how to teach the patients, and teaching is performed, patient outcomes start to progress. It is important to base education on what is specific to your unit so that the patients will receive the most optimal and pertinent information. When patients are educated more about what caused their diagnosis, such as tobacco use causing a stroke or heart attack, they can then take measures to prevent these diseases from occurring again. Patients use the information provided by the nurse staff to make informed decisions on their health care. When a patient makes a life changing change such as tobacco cessation, patient outcomes are more positive. This is my goal with my EBP project.  Reference  Leung, W.-C. (2019, March 1). Balancing statistical and clinical significance in  evaluating treatment effects. Retrieved from  https://pmj.bmj.com/content/77/905/201

Library Assignment

A critique is a method of displaying a logical and organized analysis of a written or oral piece. Critique can provide the readers with both positive and negative outcomes depending on the author. The purpose of this assignment is for the student to perform a critique on a research article that deals with today’s health issues. In this paper the student must be diligent at what the author is claiming, taking into account the research methods being utilized and look for pros and cons of the researcher’s outcomes.

The assignment must be a minimal of five pages, excluding title page and references. The assignment must be strictly following APA guidelines, points will be deducted if otherwise. Do not use first person throughout the paper until the section called evaluate the paper. It will be divided in the following manner:

Title page: Give the name of the article, the authors name(s) and your name. 

Following APA Introduction:

– Provide an overview of the author’s research problem, research questions and main point including how the author supports his or her point.

– Explain what the author initial objectives (hypothesis) and results including the process he or she used to arrive at such conclusion.

Evaluate the Research Methods: in paragraph form answer the following:

– Does the author provide a literature review?
– Is the research current and relevant to today existing health issues?

– Describe the research type utilized? – experimental, non-experimental, quasi experimental, etc. 

– Evaluate the sample (size, composition, or in the way the sample was selected in relation to the purpose of the study? Was the sample appropriate for the research or was it bias?

– How practical does this work seem to you? How does the author suggest research results could be applied and how do you believe they could be applied?

– Could the study have been improved in your opinion? If so provide how you think it could have improved.

– Is the writing in the article clear straightforward?
– Can further research be conducted on this subject? Explain

Conclusion: In your conclusion, try to synthesize the pieces of your critique to emphasize your own main points about the author’s work, relating the researcher’s work to your own knowledge or to topics being discussed in your course.

Reference Page: APA style, see rubric below

See Rubric Below for assignment (added as an attachment)