Please respond to the following: “Marketing Strategy and Planning Tools”

• Determine whether or not health care marketers need to recognize the value results from implementing marketing best practices across the multiple, varying activities that health care organizations carry out. Provide one (1) example of such recognition of value to support your rationale.
• Evaluate the value of Michael Porter’s Value Chain as a marketing strategy and planning instrument for engendering an understanding of value-producing activities within health care organizations. Provide at least two (2) specific examples of the Michael Porter’s Value Chain Model that apply within a health care organization with which you are familiar.

Module 2 – SLP

PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL CONTROL OF GROWTH AND VIABILITY

Overview

Bacteria can talk to each other via molecules they produce themselves. In this way, bacteria can synchronize together and function as one large unit or colony. The phenomenon is called quorum sensing, and is important to bacterial metabolism, growth and virulence. Watch the following video on “How Bacteria Talk”, then read the link below on “Quorum Sensing” to learn more.

Bassler, B.(2009). How Bacteria “talk”. Accessed at http://www.ted.com/talks/bonnie_bassler_on_how_bacteria_communicate#t-1038504 on September 14, 2016.

What is Quorum Sensing? Accessed at https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/quorum/what.htm  on September 14, 2016.

Instructions

Prepare a 2- to 3-page paper in which you address the following questions:

1. How would you define quorum sensing in bacteria?
2. How can quorum sensing improve nutrient delivery to bacteria?
3. Not all bacterial relationships are harmful like the example Dr. Bassler gave for the squid and bacterial bioluminescence. Describe an example of a microbial relationship in the human body that is beneficial. Which body system is involved (intestinal tract, skin, etc.)? Which bacterial species is involved? How is it beneficial for both the bacterium and host?
4. What does the concept of quorum sensing mean for virulence and disease in humans?
5. Based on Dr. Bassler’s research on quorum sensing, what might the “next generation” of antibiotics look like? How might they work? 

SLP Assignment Expectations

Format

TUI encourages all students to comply with APA style and format guidelines for proper citation of references.  Use the formatting in your Background page as a model.

Scholarly Content                   

Your SLP assignment is considered a scholarly work. Your final work should include peer reviewed (scholarly) sources.  Please use the formatting demonstrated in your Background section to cite the tutorials and readings from the Overview.

Please keep in mind that you should not use sources such as “Answers.com” or “Wikipedia” or “Wikianswers.”  None of these are scholarly sources and they can be “modified” by any registered user which makes them unreliable.

Appropriate Headings and Paper Flow

Remember that you are preparing a formal academic paper. Your paper should make use of appropriate headings and subheadings.  You should not cut and paste the questions posed and answer them like a “Question and Answer” session.  Your finished paper should read like an academic paper. Upload your final word document to the SLP assignment dropbox.

 

WEEK 4 DISCUSSION

Ar……

One of the historical experiments that was instrumental in shaping the future of ethics and regulations in research is the famously known Tuskegee experiment which was conducted without the participants giving their informed consent to participate in the study and the researchers did not inform the participants the risks and benefits of participation and the reason behind conducting the research. The Tuskegee Institute together with the Public Health Service started the study in 1932 with the aim of finding out the history of syphilis among the black men hoping that they would start treatment programs. 600 men participated in the study. 399 of the men had syphilis while 201 men did not have syphilis. The researchers were lying to the men that they were treating them for having bad blood which was a term that was used to refer to long term illnesses associated with fatigue, anemia and syphilis. This study was supposed to run for 6 months but it continued up to 40 years (Center for Disease Control, 2017).

The participants were compensated with free medical examinations, meals and burial insurance. What went wrong with the study was discovered 40 years later after a press story lead to public outcry and a review of the study was done by a panel of 9 members. The panel found out that there was no evidence to show that the men had been informed about the study and its main purpose and no facts were provided to them at all. They agreed to be examined and treated freely. Still, in 1947, after penicillin was found to be a cure for syphilis, the men were never treated using penicillin neither were they given the chance to quit from participating in the study. The study ended in 1972 and in 1973 a lawsuit was filed on behalf of the involved participants and the government promised that it would give lifetime medical benefits to all those who survived, their wives and offspring’s and they would also offer burial services to them. On 16th May 1997, the Presidential apology was given by President Clinton on behalf of the nation and in 2001 the Presidential Council on Bioethics was established. The last person to receive these benefits was a widow who died on 27th January 2009 (“Tuskegee Syphilis Study and Its Implications for the 21st Century,” 2015).

Gallagher (2014) suggests that to make the study ethical and valid, the participants were supposed to be informed about the objective behind their required participation in the study and in case they never wanted to participate, they should not be coerced into the study. Secondly, the participants were supposed to be treated using penicillin which was discovered to cure syphilis in 1947 and this would have reduced the deaths. More so, there were no records on the number of deaths that resulted from the study. The researchers were supposed to have followed up on the participants and keep records whether they died from syphilis. In a nutshell, the study violated the rights of the participants by keeping them on the dark on what was happening.

 WEEK 3 discussion

Tam……

Breathing, Heart, and Lungs

An anxious patient is having rapid and shallow breathing. After a few moments, he complains of a tingling sensation.

1)What could be the causes of this tingling sensation?

Anxiety can increase in those patients that are already having rapid and shallow breathing. Hyperventilation added to this can cause the tingling sensation due to a decrease in C02.

2)What are the various patterns of respiration and their significance?

Normal respirations are 10-20 is also called sigh rate, depth is 500-800ml “air moving in and out with each respiration, pattern is even”. (Jarvis 2016 pg. 442). “These values increase as a normal response to exercise, fear, or fever”. (Jarvis 2016 pg. 442).

Tachypnea Hyperventilation Rapid is shallow breathing. Has an increased rate greater than 24 per minute. This rate can increase with respiratory insufficiency, alkalosis, pleurisy, pneumonia, pleurisy, diabetic ketoacidosis, salicylate overdose, hepatic coma and lesions of the midbrain and alteration in blood gas concentration, but it a normal response to fever, fear, or exercise.

Bradypnea Hypoventilation: Slow breathing. Is a decreased but regular rate less than 10 per minute. Can be caused by drugs, increased intracranial pressure and diabetic coma.

 “An irregular shallow pattern caused by an overdose of narcotics or anesthetics” (Jarvis 2016 pg. 442). It may also occur with conscious splinting of the chest to avoid respiratory pain and with prolonged bed rest.

Cheyne-Stokes Respiration: “respirations gradually wax and wane in a regular pattern, increasing in rate and depth and then decreasing”. (Jarvis 2016 pg. 442). Breathing periods are 30-45 seconds with about 20 second period of apnea. Common causes are severe heart failure, renal failure, meningitis, drug overdose, and increased intracranial pressure.

Biot Respiration is similar to Cheyne-Stokes respiration, except that the pattern is irregular and seen with head trauma, brain abscess, heat stroke, spinal meningitis, and encephalitis.

3)Ethnicity and culture influence risk factors for heart disease. Do you agree? Why or why not?

Heart disease knows no ethnic/culture. Some risk factors that cause heart disease is obesity, tobacco use and high cholesterol. These are modifiable. In other words, most of these can be prevented. High blood pressure is mainly in the Africa American culture and for some of them, blood pressure can be prevented or at least controlled. If not controlled, it can lead to heart disease.

4)What is the technique of percussion and palpation of the chest wall for tenderness, symmetry, bulges, fremitus, and thoracic expansion? Explain.

To palpate the chest wall, place your hands on the anterolateral wall with your thumbs along the coast margins with hands pointing toward the xiphoid process. You ask the patient to take a deep breath while watching your thumbs move apart symmetrically and take note of the smooth chest expansion with your fingers. “Any limitation in thoracic expansion is easier to detect on the anterior chest because greater range of motion exists with breathing here” (Jarvis 2016 pg. 432).

To assess tactile fremitus, began palpating over the lung apices in the supraclavicular areas comparing vibrations from one side to the other as the person repeats the words ninety-nine.

You then palpate the anterior chest wall looking for tenderness or detect any superficial lumps or masses. Note the skin mobility, turgor, temperature and moisture.

With percussion of the chest, you start at the apices in the supraclavicular area, going to the interspaces, comparing one side with the other, going in a downward motion, down the anterior chest.

5)Would you anticipate hearing hyper-resonance on a patient with a history of tobacco use?  Why or why not?

Yes. Hyperresonance is found when too much air is present like in emphysema which is caused from tobacco use.

6)What are the mechanics of breathing with reference to lung borders and the anatomical structure of the lungs and diaphragm?

Inspiration is the breathing in air into the lungs, the chest wall increases in size. When it is expelled it is caused expiration. This is the mechanical action of breathing. Expansion and contraction. There are four major functions of the respiratory system. Supplying oxygen to the body for energy production, removing carbon dioxide as a waste product of energy reactions, maintaining homeostasis of arterial blood and maintain heat exchange.