Minimum of 500 words with at least three peer review reference in 7th edition apa style.

 

As the nursing profession evolves, practice knowledge is increasing and theories are moving ever closer to the bedside. Conduct a literature search to locate a nursing journal article that utilizes a theory as a theoretical foundation and describe how this theory was operationalized. Reflect upon this theory and address the following.

• Describe the major concepts of the selected nursing theory.
• Explain how this selected nursing theory applies to the nursing metaparadigm regarding a) person, (b) health, (c) environment and (d) nursing.
• Explain how this selected nursing theory can be applied to a nursing practice problem in your unique setting.

 

The Assignment (Evidence-Based Project)

Part 4A: Critical Appraisal of Research

Conduct a critical appraisal of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected by completing the Evaluation Table within the Critical Appraisal Tool Worksheet Template. Choose a total of four peer- reviewed articles that you selected related to your clinical topic of interest in Module 2 and Module 3.

Note: You can choose any combination of articles from Modules 2 and 3 for your Critical Appraisal. For example, you may choose two unfiltered research articles from Module 2 and two filtered research articles (systematic reviews) from Module 3 or one article from Module 2 and three articles from Module 3. You can choose any combination of articles from the prior Module Assignments as long as both modules and types of studies are represented.

Part 4B: Critical Appraisal of Research

Based on your appraisal, in a 1-2-page critical appraisal, suggest a best practice that emerges from the research you reviewed. Briefly explain the best practice, justifying your proposal with APA citations of the research.

Prepare by reading:  

Fineout-Overholt, E., Melnyk, B. M., Stillwell, S. B., & Williamson, K. M. (2010a). Evidence-based practice step by step: Critical appraisal of the evidence: Part I. American Journal of Nursing, 110(7), 47–52. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000383935.22721.9c
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Fineout-Overholt, E., Melnyk, B. M., Stillwell, S. B., & Williamson, K. M. (2010b). Evidence-based practice, step by step: Critical appraisal of the evidence: Part II: Digging deeper—examining the “keeper” studies. American Journal of Nursing, 110(9), 41–48. doi:10.1097/01.NAJ.0000388264.49427.f9
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Fineout-Overholt, E., Melnyk, B. M., Stillwell, S. B., & Williamson, K. M. (2010c). Evidence-based practice, step by step: Critical appraisal of the evidence: Part III: The process of synthesis: Seeing similarities and differences across the body of evidence. American Journal of Nursing, 110(11), 43–51. doi: 10.1097/01.NAJ.0000390523.99066.b5
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Williamson, K. M. (2009). Evidence-based practice: Critical appraisal of qualitative evidence. Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association, 15(3), 202–207. doi:10.1177/1078390309338733
Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

  

Go to www.apta.org, please answer the following questions. 

Questions 1-4: (max 2 points each)

1. In your own words, what does the APTA do?  _______    ___________________________________________________________________     

2. In your own words, summarize the APTA’s Vision Statement.      ______   

  

3. Under the “Current Students” section, what do you find most interesting or useful and why?  ______________________________________________________  _________________________     

4. Under the “Practice & Patient Care- Practice Administration” section, read about Peer Review. In your own words, describe what Peer Review is.       

a. How does the peer review process maintain quality within the operation of a physical therapy practice or department?         

 

5. What are the Values-based Behaviors for PTAs? Give an example for each behavior. (max 16 points)

  

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6. Under the “Practice and Patient Care” section, find the Standards of Ethical Conduct for the Physical Therapist Assistant (Appendix 2). Print out a copy and highlight which standard you most identify with. Attach the standards to this assignment. Choose a bullet underneath the highlighted standard you chose and in the space provided below explain why you feel it is important. (10 pts.)

  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

   

Review the Episodic note case study your  instructor provides you for this week’s Assignment. Please see the  “Course Announcements” section of the classroom for your Episodic note  case study.

• With regard to the Episodic note case study provided:
  • Review this week’s Learning Resources, and consider the insights they provide about the case study.
  • Consider what history would be necessary to collect from the patient in the case study.
  • Consider what physical exams and diagnostic tests would be  appropriate to gather more information about the patient’s condition.  How would the results be used to make a diagnosis?
  • Identify at least five possible conditions that may be considered in a differential diagnosis for the patient.

The Assignment

1. Analyze the subjective portion of the note. List additional information that should be included in the documentation.
2. Analyze the objective portion of the note. List additional information that should be included in the documentation.
3. Is the assessment supported by the subjective and objective information? Why or why not?
4. What diagnostic tests would be appropriate for this case, and how would the results be used to make a diagnosis?
5. Would you reject/accept the current diagnosis? Why or why not?  Identify three possible conditions that may be considered as a  differential diagnosis for this patient. Explain your reasoning using at  least three different references from current evidence-based  literature.

  

Week 6: Assessment of the Abdomen and Gastrointestinal SystemABDOMINAL ASSESSMENTSubjective:•CC: “My stomach hurts, I have diarrhea and nothing seems to help.”•HPI: JR, 47 yo WM, complains of having generalized abdominal pain that started 3 days ago. He has not taken any medications because he did not know what to take. He states the pain is a 5/10 today but has been as much as 9/10 when it first started. He has been able to eat, with some nausea afterwards.•PMH: HTN, Diabetes, hx of GI bleed 4 years ago •Medications: Lisinopril 10mg, Amlodipine 5 mg, Metformin 1000mg, Lantus 10 units qhs•Allergies: NKDA•FH: No hx of colon cancer, Father hx DMT2, HTN, Mother hx HTN, Hyperlipidemia, GERD •Social: Denies tobacco use; occasional etoh, married, 3 children (1 girl, 2 boys)Objective:•VS: Temp 99.8; BP 160/86; RR 16; P 92; HT 5’10”; WT 248lbs•Heart: RRR, no murmurs•Lungs: CTA, chest wall symmetrical•Skin: Intact without lesions, no urticaria •Abd: soft, hyperactive bowel sounds, pos pain in the LLQ•Diagnostics: NoneAssessment:•Left lower quadrant pain •GastroenteritisPLAN: This section is not required for the assignments in this course (NURS 6512) but will be required for future courses.

APA format. 1 paragraph only. Scholar authors. Provide references

 

Discussion question 1:

Social justice refers to the benefits and disparities that members of society experience (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2016).  There are three theories on how one achieves social justice:  egalitarian, libertarian, and liberal democratic (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2016).  Egalitarianism advocates for the government ensuring equal rights and treatment by all members of society (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2016).  Libertarianism recognizes the right to equality and liberty, while advocating for the right to private property and minimal to no government control or intervention, relying on individuals to determine their own fate (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2016).  Liberal democratic ideology encompasses both the belief that we all have the right to liberty and equality, while recognizing, and attempting to compensate for both organic and inorganic disadvantages that are acquired from time of birth to time of death (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2016).  

           A public health nurse should focus on promoting and ensuring wellness to all persons in a way that is cost effective, indiscriminate, and allows autonomy (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2016).  This is difficult to achieve when we have documented issues of socioeconomic disparities that can be demonstrated when people are categorized by race, sex, gender, and sexual orientation (US Census Bureau, 2020).  While going over our weekly reading I came across the term “assurance”.  Assurance is making sure that health services are available, including to those who would not otherwise receive them (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2016).  This can be a daunting initiative when dealing with some of the most marginalized segments of society (homeless, transgender, undocumented persons etc.), who frequently abstain from seeking medical treatment (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2016).  

           Eliminating, or even minimizing healthcare disparities, needs to extend beyond the healthcare system and into society at large.  Law makers and community leaders need to work together to figure out why data shows that socioeconomic disparities are so prevalent amongst clearly defined groups.  Unfortunately, listening to narrative commentary on any news channel or a simple scroll through social media shows that we aren’t making much progress on these issues.  Even worse, decades of research has indicated that there is systemic racism in the U.S. health system (Feagin & Bennefield, 2014).  So, what can a nurse do?  Can we change the healthcare industry when this is a societal problem?  I think it is important that we advocate for an ethical standard in our respective workplaces, that encompasses fair and equal treatment to not only our patients, but also our coworkers.  I have witnessed obvious differences in treatment of both groups that is dependent on any number of demographic categories.  I am curious if other members of the class have experienced the same.  

Discussion Questions #2:

Does the constitution guarantee the right to pursue happiness?  Nope, not in there.  Does the constitution guarantee everyone the right to fairness?  Again no. Who says life is fair?  Why does one person get to live long enough to obtain their senior discounted coffee at McDonald’s, and the other die young?  Should society bear the responsibility for the poor life choices made by its members?  What the constitution does guarantee is equality under the law.  The law applies to everyone regardless of skin color, religion, sex, or national origin.  Equality, however, does not imply uniformity.  Communism attempts to enforce uniformity on society, suppressing the rights and privileges of its members (Novak, 2019).  

Health care in the United States is not equitable.  With insurance provided through my job, I can acquire preventive healthcare services that are generally not provided during an ED visit.  One of the roles of public health is to assure that essential community health services are available for everyone (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2016).   Nurses should advocate for the disenfranchised, working to ensure that essential health care resources are available for all people, and public policy should support nursings’ efforts to provide equitable care for every member of society (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2016).  Equality should not be just for the healthcare sector but for all areas of life that affect health.  Healthy, fresh foods such as fruits and vegetables should be available to all at affordable prices.  Community resources that support healthy activities such as parks and recreation should be available to all, regardless of what community in which they reside.  Equitable does not mean free; rather, it is equitable that all members of society should share in the burden of public services (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2016).

               As members of society, personal responsibility is necessary for law and order.  Personal responsibility must be balanced with free rights.  The “common good” is often spoken of as something noble, but quickly becomes totalitarianism in the hands of politicians (Novak, 2019).