Develop a one-page clinical reference which reinforces educational content from NURS 640.

·  The structure of the reference is determined by the student based on the content presented. Formats that can be considered for representing a reference include diagrams or tables.

·  The reference is limited to the space of one standard letter-sized (8.5 x 11 inches) document.

·  Please add your reference list as a second page to your assignment (use APA format).

Clinical Reference: 12 Lead EKG Evaluation

Prepare a clinical reference/reference that describes the 12 lead EKG findings for cardiac ischemia and infarction.

Within your reference:

1.  Specify the EKG changes associated with the various coronary arteries.

2.  Identify the anatomic areas of the heart muscle supplied by the coronary arteries.

3.  List the EKG criteria for STEMI (ST elevation and other EKG changes).

4.  List the EKG findings in non-STEMI.

List the cardiac biomarkers commonly used in conjunction with 12-lead EKG to identify acute myocardial infarction, identify when these biomarkers peak and the length of time until they normalize

Assignment Details

MN551:Develop cooperative relationships with clients when teaching concepts concerning pathological states to individuals and families

Select one of the case studies below, and include discussion of your strategy for winning the patients cooperation while teaching concepts concerning pathological states to them and their families.

Requirements 

1. Make sure all of the topics in the case study have been addressed.
2. Cite at least three sources; journal articles, textbooks or evidenced-based websites to support the content. 
3. All sources must be within five years.
4. Do not use .com, Wikipedia, or up-to-date, etc., for your sources.

Case Study 1

Concepts of Altered Health in Older Adults 

Joseph P. is an 82-year-old male living at home. He is in overall good health and enjoys taking long walks as often as possible. During his walks, he likes to stop for a cold glass of fruit juice at the local cafeteria. On cold or rainy days, he rides a stationary bicycle at home for 30 minutes to “stay in good shape.” 

1. What physiological factors would typically increase Joseph’s risk of falling while walking outdoors? 
2. What are the common changes in blood pressure regulation that occurs with aging? 
3. Joseph enjoys fruit juice when he walks. Considering the renal system in the older adult, why would dehydration be a particular concern? 

Case Study 2 

Structure and Function of the Kidney 

Rivka is an active 21-year-old who decided to take a day off from her university classes. The weather was hot and the sun bright, so she decided to go down to the beach. When she arrived, she found a few people playing beach volleyball, and they asked if she wanted to join in. She put down her school bag and began to play. The others were well prepared for their day out and stopped throughout the game to have their power drinks and soda pop. Several hours after they began to play, however, Rivka was not feeling so good. She stopped sweating and was feeling dizzy. One player noted she had not taken a washroom break at all during the day. They found a shaded area for her, and one of the players shared his power drink with her. Rivka was thirstier than she realized and quickly finished the drink. 

1. In pronounced dehydration, hypotension can occur. How would this affect the glomerular filtration rate of the kidney? What actions by the juxtaglomerular apparatus would occur to restore GFR? 
2. What is the effect aldosterone has on the distal convoluted tubule? Why would the actions of aldosterone be useful to Rivka in her situation? 
3. What does a specific gravity test measure? If someone tested the specific gravity of Rivka’s urine, what might it indicate? 

Case Study 3 

Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance 

Amanda is an 18-year-old with anorexia nervosa. She was recently admitted to an eating disorders clinic with a BMI of 13.9, and although she was a voluntary patient, she was reluctant about the treatment. She was convinced she was overweight because her clothes felt tight on her. She complained that even her hands and feet “were fat.” One of her nurses explained that a protein in her blood was low. The nurse further explained that, as difficult as it may be to believe, eating a normal healthy diet would make the “fat hands and feet” go away. 

1. What protein do you suspect the nurse was referring to? How would a deficiency in this protein contribute to edema? 
2. What is the difference between the physiology of pitting and nonpitting edema? 
3. Because of her weakened condition, Amanda was moved around the ward in a wheelchair when she was not on bed rest. How does this affect her edematous tissues? 

Case Study 4 

Disorders of Acid–Base Balance 

Shauna is a healthy, fit 28-year-old who decided to go on a 2-week tour of Mexico for young singles. One hot afternoon in a small market community, she grabbed some fruit juice from a street vendor. Several hours later, she developed abdominal cramping and diarrhea. The diarrhea became so severe that she missed 3 days of the tour and stayed in her hotel room. By the end of her illness, she felt weak and tired. Her head ached, but the mild fever had disappeared, and she was able to join her new friends for the rest of the tour. 

1. What is the acid–base imbalance Shauna might have experienced and its etiology? 
2. What are the functions and importance of the bicarbonate buffer system in the body? 

Case Study 5 

Disorders of Renal Function 

Fred, a fit and healthy 44-year-old, was working outside one warm summer afternoon. When he returned home by the end of the day, his lower back felt sore and he felt nauseated. His wife made him dinner, but he was not hungry and chose to go to bed instead. Fred’s symptoms progressed, and soon he was rolling on the bed with excruciating pain. He said his back hurt as well as his stomach and groin area. The pain would ease off only to return a short while later, and when it did, Fred would begin to sweat and run to the bathroom to vomit. His wife became concerned and started the car. When his symptoms abated, she helped him into the car and rushed him to the hospital. 

1. At the hospital, an abdominal radiograph showed the presence of renal calculi in Fred’s right ureter (urolithiasis). What is the mechanism of stone formation in the kidney? What is the role of citrate in the kidneys? 
2. Why would the administration of calcium supplements be useful for a patient with calcium oxalate stones? 
3. Hydronephrosis can be a complication of renal calculi. What is hydronephrosis? How does back pressure occur in a kidney, and what physiological mechanism is responsible for nephron damage when back pressure is present? 

Case Study 6 

Acute Renal Injury and Chronic Kidney Disease 

Will is a 68-year-old male with a history of hypertension. Eight months ago, he started regular dialysis therapy for ESRD. Before that, his physician was closely monitoring his condition because he had polyuria and nocturia. Soon it became difficult to manage his hypertension. He also lost his appetite, became weak, easily fatigued, and had edema around his ankles. Will debated with his physician about starting dialysis, but she insisted, before the signs and symptoms of uremia increased, the treatment was absolutely necessary. 

1. What is the difference between azotemia and uremia?
2. Two years ago, Will’s physician told him to decrease his protein intake. In spite of what the physician ordered, Will could not stop having chicken, beef, pork, or eggs at least once a day. Why did his physician warn him about his diet? 
3. Will’s feelings of weakness and fatigue are symptoms of anemia. Why is he anemic? 
4. Knowing what you do about Will’s history, why is left ventricular dysfunction a concern for his physician? 

Case Study 7 

Disorders of the Bladder and Lower Urinary Tract 

Alvita is a frail 89-year-old woman residing in a nursing home. She is able to move slowly around the residence with the use of a walker, but appreciates when her daughter is there to hold her arm and walk alongside her. When one of the health care staff changes Alvita, her daughter helps. Alvita’s incontinence has progressed, particularly over the last six years since she has resided in the nursing home. Alvita can smile at her lack of bladder control, however, and says that her incontinence really began when she was a young woman, just after the birth of her second daughter. 

1. Alvita’s mobility is limited. How does this affect continence in the elderly? 
2. Shortly after the birth of her second daughter, Alvita experienced mild incontinence, particularly after laughing or coughing. What was she experiencing? What is the pathophysiology behind this type of incontinence? 

Assignment Requirements:

Before finalizing your work, you should:

• be sure to read the Assignment description carefully (as displayed above);
• consult the Grading Rubric (under the Course Resources) to make sure you have included everything necessary; and
• utilize spelling and grammar check to minimize errors.
• Your writing Assignment should:
• follow the conventions of Standard American English (correct grammar, punctuation, etc.);
• be well ordered, logical, and unified, as well as original and insightful;
• display superior content, organization, style, and mechanics; and
• use APA 6th Edition format.

To see your assignment instructions and grading rubric, go to Course Resources / Grading Rubrics.

Week 1: Topic Proposal and Problem Statement Paper

The purpose of this assignment is to develop a strong, working foundation for your final paper. You will identify a topic area and develop a problem- or issue-related topic within that area of interest. As you develop this specific topic, keep in mind that your eventual goal is to formulate and present a solution to the healthcare issue or problem you identify.

Your topic proposal should include the following items and address the following:

Describe the topic you wish to pursue. 

• It may be somewhat broad at this point and it may imply a problem. Use the resources in your course materials to help you search for ideas.

Identify your purpose: Why are you interested in this topic? (Narrow your topic.)

• Specifically explain what it is that fascinates you or draws you to this topic.
• Clearly describe the topic’s relevance in the field today.
• Identify a purpose for a paper on this topic: 
  • What might you accomplish in exploring this problem?
  • What is your intended goal?
    • To evoke change
    • To make new connections (new cause and effect)
    • To introduce a new theory, solution, or idea
  • Is this goal realistic?

Identify a problem within the topic and draft a problem statement. (It will likely evolve and be revised as you progress through your research.)

• Identify a problem related to your topic and state it.
• The problem statement should be specific and indicate the focus of your final paper.
  • Not too narrow, not too broad
  • Intellectually challenging (a simple solution is not apparent)
• Who would benefit from a solution to this problem (who is the target population)?

Your paper should be 1–2 pages. Adhere to APA Style throughout.

 

Introduction

Disagreements occur because we have differences of opinions, values, and goals. Solutions to disagreements require negotiation skills. While negotiating, the parties involved have to “generate options, brainstorm ideas, give and take, and attempt to get their mutual goals met” (Hocker & Wilmot, 2014, p. 249).

Reference

Hocker, J., & Wilmot, W. (2014). Interpersonal conflict (9th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.

Demonstration of Proficiency

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

• Competency 1: Identify variables within an organizational structure that can promote conflict.
  • Identify the factors responsible for conflict within an organization.
• Competency 3: Apply appropriate strategies to reduce or resolve conflicts.
  • Describe a conflict resolution style appropriate for a conflict situation within an organization.
  • Explain conflict negotiation strategies appropriate for a conflict situation within an organization.
• Competency 4: Analyze the impact of conflict on relationship building in face-to-face, virtual, cyber, and group communication.
  • Explain how conflict affects an organization.
• Competency 5: Evaluate the outcome of proposed strategies of conflict resolution.
  • Determine the outcomes of conflict negotiation strategies for an organization.
• Competency 6: Communicate effectively in a variety of formats.
  • Write coherently to support a central idea in appropriate APA format with correct grammar, usage, and mechanics.

Preparation

Use the Capella library and the Internet to research conflict negotiation strategies and conflict resolution styles. Find at least three resources to use in this assessment to support your plan.

Instructions

You volunteer with an organization whose executive leadership has conflicted for almost a year in deep, fairly public ways, on a variety of topics. At first the conflict seemed to center on the types of events the organization sponsored, but more recently some members of the leadership team have been making accusations of bias based on race, culture, social status, and religion against other leadership members, including the director. The conflict is making it difficult for anyone to continue working with the organization.

The leadership team is composed of seven members. Six of the members, including the director, are women. There are two African-American members, including the only man on the team. There is one Hispanic member. The other four members, including the director, are Caucasian.

You have successfully handled small conflicts among the volunteers and staff in the past, and now they have asked you to step in and see if you can help resolve the conflict before it destroys the organization. Leadership has already agreed to bring you in to try and help the situation, but you know you need to have a solid plan for this undertaking.

Include the following in your conflict resolution plan:

• Identify the factors that may be responsible for causing the conflict.
• Explain how the conflict is affecting the rest of the organization.
• Describe the conflict resolution style you will use in this situation.
• Explain the conflict negotiation strategies you will try.
• Based on your chosen strategies, determine the likely outcome.

To facilitate the evaluation of your plan, format your plan according to APA guidelines.