National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) Competencies – 2025 nine broad areas of core competence that apply to all nurse practitioners regardless of specialty or patient population focus NONPF

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National Organization of Nurse Practitioner Faculties (NONPF) Competencies – 2025

nine broad areas of core competence that apply to all nurse practitioners, regardless of specialty or patient population focus. NONPF created the first set of Nurse Practitioner Competencies in 1990; the most recent updates were incorporated in 2017. This course was designed to prepare you to synthesize knowledge gained throughout the program and to apply each of the nine core competencies within your selected areas of practice and your representative communities.

The nine areas of competency are:

  • Scientific Foundations
  • Leadership
  • Quality
  • Practice Inquiry
  • Technology and Information Literacy
  • Policy
  • Health Delivery System
  • Ethics
  • Independent Practice

To Prepare

  • Review this week’s Learning Resources, focusing on the NONPF Core Competencies Content.

The Assignment

For each of the nine NONPF competencies, write one paragraph explaining how the program has prepared you to meet the competency (for a total of at least nine paragraphs). Then, propose how you plan to engage in social change in your community as a nurse practitioner. Finally, describe 1–2 legislative and/or advocacy activities in which your state nurse practitioner organization(s) are involved. Be specific and provide examples.

MEDICATION RECONCILLATION ASSINGMENT (PHARMACOLOGY) – 2025 Objectives Explain the process of medication reconciliation Identify best practices for medication reconciliation Apply the concept of medication reconciliation to

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MEDICATION RECONCILLATION ASSINGMENT (PHARMACOLOGY) – 2025

 Objectives: 

  1. Explain the process of medication reconciliation 
  2. Identify best-practices for medication reconciliation
  3. Apply the concept of medication reconciliation to the client scenario
  4. Explain how to identify and reconcile medication discrepancies
  5. Identify who should be involved in the medication reconciliation process 

 Assignment instructions: .  

  1. Using the client scenario provided on the assignment document docx and your Davis Drug Guide for Nurse’s, conduct medication reconciliation. Be sure to include the following in your final submission:
    1. Explain the medication reconciliation process
    2. Analyze the client scenario for any omissions, additions, or duplications of medications and discuss the implications to the client.
    3. Analyze the client scenario for potential risks associated with the client’s current condition and currently prescribed home medications 
    4. Identify potential drug interaction and prioritize the drug interactions that are most concerning to you.
    5. Identify actions that the nurse should implement and provide a reason for each action. 

 Use the provided document form to complete the Medication Reconciliation Assignment: 

Look for Drugs in David’s Drug Guide for Nurses

website: fadavis.com 

link: https://fadavisreader.vitalsource.com/reader/books/9781719642699/epubcfi/6/26[%3Bvnd.vst.idref%3DF11_f04]!/4/2/2/2/2/3:32[Pra%2Ccti]

Mental health – 2025 A nurse is caring for a client who has schizophrenia and is experiencing delusions The client states I can feel

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Mental health – 2025

A nurse is caring for a client who has schizophrenia and is experiencing delusions. The client states, “I can feel worms crawling through my vein. Which of the following types of delusions should the nurse document the client is experiencing!  Delusion of reference  Delusion of persecution  Somatic delusion  Erotomaniac delusion    A nurse in an emergency department is caring for a client following a domestic dispute. The client states, “Nothing seems to go right for me and probably never will. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?  a. Are you thinking about harming yourself  b. You should remove yourself from this situation now.”  c. We will help get you through this. You’ll be fine  d. What have you done to change your situation?”  A nurse is assessing a child in the emergency department. Which of the following findings places the child at greatest risk for physical abuse?  a. The child has cystic fibrosis.  b. The child has no siblings  c. The child is homeschooled.  d. The child is 10 years old    A nurse is caring for a client who has bipolar disorder and is experiencing a manic episode. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?  a. Dim the lights in the client’s room  b. Provide detailed explanations to the client  c. Administer methylphenidate to the client.  d. Encourage the client to join group activities    A nurse is treating a plan of care for a client who has anorexia nervosa. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?  a. Prepare the client for electroconvulsive therapy  b. Encourage the client to participate in family therapy  c. Set a weight gain goal of 22 kg (4.9 lb.) per week  d. Weigh the client twice per day    A nurse is caring for a client who has major depressive disorder. After discussing the treatment with his partner, the client verbally agrees to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) but will not sign the consent form. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?  a. Inform the client about the risks of refusing ECT.  b. Proceed with preparation for ECT based on implied consent.  c. Request that the client’s partner sign the consent form.  d. Cancel the scheduled ECT procedure.    A nurse is caring for an adolescent whose family has a very rigid system of rules. Which of the following characteristics should the nurse expect  when observing the family?  a. The older children in the family take over parenting roles for younger children.  b. The family members exhibit psychosomatic manifestations.  c. The communication between family members is minimal  d. The family members make decisions based on compromise.    A nurse manager is observing a newly licensed nurse preparing to administer an IM medication to a client who is mania and refuses the medication. Which of the following actions should the nurse manager take first?  a. Assess the need for physical restraints.  b. Stop the newly licensed nurse from administering the medication.  c. Demonstrate how to verbally deescalate the situation  d. Discuss the purpose of the medication with the client.    A nurse is assessing a client who is withdrawing from heroin. Which of the following manifestations should the nurse expect?  a. Hyperthermia  b. Slurred speech  c. Hypotension  d. Bradycardia    A nurse in the emergency department is admitting a client who has a history of alcohol use disorder. The client has a blood alcohol level of 0.24  g/dL. The nurse should anticipate a prescription for which of the following medications?  a. Acamprosate b. Disulfiram c. Naltrexone d. Chlordiazepoxide   A nurse is planning care for a client who is experiencing acute alcohol withdrawal. The nurse should anticipate that the provider will prescribe  which of the following medications for the client?  a. Diazepam  b. Buprenorphine  c. Varenicline  d. Clonidine    After assessing a client in a crisis situation, a nurse determines the client is safe. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first  a. Involve the client in planning interventions  b. Assist the client to lower his anxiety level  c. Teach the client specific coping skills to handle stressful situations  d. Help the client identity social support    A community health nurse is providing an education program about expected age-related changes for a group of older adults. Which of the following statements by a client demonstrates an understanding of the teaching?  a. should expect my libido to decrease as I age.”  b. should expect an increased risk of depression as age-  c. know that my risk for being the victim of a crime decreases as age.”  d. “I know that I am likely to be socially isolated as l age    A nurse is providing teaching for a newly licensed nurse about the constructive use of defense mechanisms. Which of the following examples should the nurse include in the teaching  a. A woman who has a health concern postpones a medical appointment until after a vacation.  b. A school age child whose mother died 2 years ago talks about her in present tense  c. A student who is upset with her teacher writes a story about an excellent student.  d. An adult who was sexually abused as a child is unable to remember the incident.    A nurse is providing behavioral therapy for a client who has obsessive-compulsive disorder. The client repeatedly checks that the doors are locked  at night. Which of the following Instructions should the nurse give the client when using thought stopping technique?  a. “Ask a family member to check the locks for you at night.”  b. -Snap a rubber band on your wrist when you think about checking the locks.”  c. “Focus on abdominal breathing whenever you go to check the locks.”  d. “Keep a journal of how often you check the locks each night.”    A charge nurse is discussing the care of a client who has a substance use disorder with a staff nurse. Which of the following statements by the staff nurse should the charge nurse identify as counter transference?  a. “The client is just like my brother who finally overcame his habit.  b. The client needs to accept responsibility for his substance use.”  c. “The client asked me to go on a date with him, but I refused.”  d. The client generally shares his feelings during group therapy sessions.”    A nurse in an acute care mental health facility is planning discharge care for a client who sustained a traumatic brain injury. For which of the  Following needs should the nurse collaborate with a clinical psychologist?  a. The client needs to find a place to live after discharge  b. The client needs to begin a group therapy program prior to discharge.  c. The client needs to relearn how to perform skills that require fine motor coordination  d. The client needs a prescription for medication to promote nighttime sleep while in the facility    A nurse is assessing a client who has Alzheimer’s disease. Which of the following findings should the nurse identity as the priority?  a. The client places their shoes on the wrong feet.  b. The client is unable to remember their personal history.  c. The client does not recognize their partner  d. The client engages in wandering    A nurse is creating a plan of care for a client who has major depressive disorder. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include  the plan?  a. Keep a bright light on in the client’s room at night  b. Identify and schedule alternative group activities for the client  c. Discourage the client from expressing feelings of anger.  d. Encourage physical activity for the client during the day.    A nurse is creating a plan of care for a client who has schizophrenia and is experiencing command hallucinations. Which of the following Interventions should the nurse include in the plan?  a. Avoid making eye contact when speaking with the client  b. Maintain a low level of environmental stimuli  c. Encourage increased socialization during group therapy  d. Provide reassurance and comfort for the client through touch    A nurse has placed a client who has become physically aggressive into seclusion. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?  a. Monitor the client’s vital signs every 4 hr.  b. Offer the client food and fluids every 2 nr.  c. Document the client’s behavior every 15 min.  d. Obtain the provider’s prescription within 60 min.    A nurse is caring for a client who has bipolar disorder. The client is walking in and out of rooms, speaking inappropriately and placing Which of the following actions should the nurse take?  a. Have the client return to her room to read a book  b. Take the client to the day room to watch a movie with other clients  c. Lead the client outside for a walk  d. Tell the client there will be negative consequences for her behavior    A nurse is caring for a client who states. “I have been having trouble sleeping for the last several months. Which of the following responses  should the nurse make?  a. You should relax by watching a television show in bed before going to sleep  b. “You should take a 2 hour nap during the afternoon  c. “You should avoid stressful activities prior to going to sleep  d. “You should plan to exercise 2 hours before going to sleep    A nurse is caring for a client who was just placed in mechanical restraints. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?  a. Notify the provider about the use of restraints after the restraints are removed.  b. offer the client the opportunity to use the toilet every 15 min while in restraints.  c. Request that the provider provide an as-needed prescription for restraints.  d. Withhold food and drink until the restraints are removed from the client    A nurse is caring for a client who reports that he is angry with his partner because she thinks he is just trying to gain attention. When the nurse  attempts to talk to the client, he becomes angry and tells her to leave. Which of the following defense mechanisms is the client demonstrating  a. Displacement  b. Rationalization  c. Compensation  d. Denial      A nurse is providing teaching to a client who has a substance use disorder and a new prescription for methadone. Which of the following Information should the nurse include in the teaching?  a. “Discontinue this medication if you develop a productive cough.”  b. “You should expect this medication to cause insomnia  c. “Monitor yourself for weight gain while taking this medication  d. “You might experience constipation while taking this medication.”    A nurse is assessing client who has bipolar disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse identity as an indication that the chant la experiencing acute mania?  a. Refuses to engage in conversation  b. Reports a lack of sleep  c. Isolates self from others  d. Writes a detailed daily activity schedule    A nurse is providing discharge teaching about manifestations of relate to the family of a client who has schizophrenia. which of the should the nurse include in the teaching?  a. The client develops an inability to concentrate.  b. The client increases participation in social activities.  c. The client exhibits an inflated sense of self  d. The client  begins more than usual    A nurse is assessing a client who has post-traumatic stress disorder. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect the  apply)  a. Blames others for own mistakes  b. Difficulty falling or staying asleep  c. Talks excessively  d. Holds persistent negative beliefs about self  e. Has difficulty concentrating on set tasks    A nurse is speaking to a former high school friend. The friend states. “heard one of our high school teachers was admitted to your hospital. Is  everything okay? Which of the following responses should the nurse make?  a. “I can only discuss the status of a client with the client’s family:  b. “I cannot discuss the care of anyone who might be hospitalized in our facility”  c. “I think that you should contact the high school for information about her  d. “I recommend you contact the hospital to see if she has been admitted.”    A nurse is caring for a client who has severe depression and is scheduled to receive electroconvulsive therapy. The nurse should recognize that the client will receive succinylcholine to prevent which of the following adverse effects?  a. Muscle distress  b. Aspiration  c. Elevated blood pressure  d. Decreased heart rate    A nurse is caring for a school age child who has conduct disorder and is in physical restraints after becoming physically aggressive toward other clients on the unit. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?  a. Arrange an in person evaluation by the child provider within 2 hr. of initiating restraints  b. As the provider to renew the prescription for the restraints every 24 hr.  c. Monitor the child’s sign every 15 min  d. Keep the restraints on for a minimum of 1 hr.    A nurse is caring for a client who is undergoing electroconvulsive therapy. Which of the following tasks should the nurse delegate to an assistive  personnel?  a. Check the client’s condition after the procedure.  b. Assist the client to ambulate for the first time following the procedure.  c. Give the client atropine 30 min before the procedure.  d. Witness the client’s signature on the consent for the procedure.    A nurse is assisting with obtaining informed consent for a client who has been declared legally incompetent. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?  a. Contact the facility social worker to obtain the consent  b. Explain implied consent to the client’s Family  c. Ask the charge nurse to obtain informed consent  d. Request that the client’s guardian sign the content    A nurse in the emergency department is caring for a client who reports feeling sad, worthless, and hopeless 9 months after the death of her son. Which of the following actions should the nurse take first?  a. Ask the client if she has thought about harming herself.  b. Discuss the client’s coping skills.  c. Encourage the client to attend a grief support group  d. Request a mental health consult for the client    A nurse in an inpatient facility is caring for a client who has an anxiety disorder. Which of the following actions should the nurse take while the client is experiencing an acute panic attack?  a. Encourage the client to watch television as a distraction  b. Administer a dose of alprazolam to the client.  c. Encourage the client to describe their feelings in a journal  d. Administer a dose of atomoxetine to the client    A nurse is evaluating the medication response of a client who takes naltrexone for the treatment of alcohol use disorder. The nurse should identify that which of the following is a therapeutic effect of this medication?  a. Reduces substance craving  b. Block’s aldehyde dehydrogenase  c. Prevents the anxiety of abstinence  d. Decreases the likelihood of seizures    A nurse is caring for a client who has bipolar disorder and is refusing to take prescribed medications. Which of the following ethical principles is  the nurse displaying when he supports the client’s refusal of medications?  a. Autonomy  b. Beneficence  c. Veracity  d. Justice    A nurse in the emergency department is assessing a client who has  major depressive disorder. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Click on the “Exhibit” button for additional information about the client. There are three tabs that contain separate categories of data.)  a. Prepare the client for electroconvulsive therapy.  b. Ask the client if she has eaten foods containing tyramine.  c. Administer dantrolene IV bolus to the client.  d. Give regular insulin subcutaneously to the client.    A nurse is caring for a client who has been placed in restraints. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?  a. Request a PRN client prescription for restraints from the provider.  b. Observe the client’s behavior once every 15 min.  c. Document the client’s behavior hourly on a flow sheet.  d. Remove the restraint when the client calmly follows commands.    A nurse is developing a plan of care for a school-age child who has autism spectrum disorder. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?  a. Discourage the child from making eye contact with caregivers.  b. Allow flexibility in the child’s daily schedule.  c. Use a reward system for appropriate behavior  d. Assign the child to a room with another child of the same age    A nurse is assessing a client who has bipolar disorder and is transitioning from hypomania to mania. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?  a. at affect  b. Withdrawal  c. Anger  d. Anhedonia    A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for disulfiram. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?  a. “I can wear my cologne on special occasions  b. When I bake my favorite cookies, I can use pure vanilla extract for  c. tract for flavoring  d. If I cut myself, I can clean the wound with isopropyl alcohol  e. “I can continue to eat aged cheeses and chocolate    A nurse in an alcohol rehabilitation facility is creating a discharge plan for a client who has alcohol use disorder. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse include in the plan?  a. Request a discharge prescription for buprenorphine for the client.  b. Refer the client to a self-help group.  c. Contact a close relative of the client to discuss the discharge plan  d. Teach the client to practice systematic desensitization    A nurse is assessing a client who is taking chlorpromazine. The client’s dosage was decreased 3 months ago to reduce adverse effects. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication that the reduced dosage of chlorpromazine is effective?  a. Improved gait  b. Decreased ringing in the ears  c. Increased heart rate  d. Decreased salivation    A nurse is caring for a client who has a binge eating disorder. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?  a. Plan a menu with the client.  b. Weigh the client every other day.  c. Remain with the client for 1 hr. after meals.  d. Offer snacks when the client is hungry.    A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for phenelzine to treat depression. The nurse instructs the client to avoid foods with  tyramine to prevent which of the following?  a. Serotonin syndrome  b. Hypertensive crisis  c. Urinary retention  d. Cardiac toxicity    A nurse is caring for a client who was involuntarily committed and is scheduled to receive electroconvulsive therapy (ECT). The client refuses the  treatment and will not discuss why with the health care team. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?  a. Tell the client he cannot refuse the treatment because he was involuntarily committed  b. Ask the client’s family to encourage the client to receive ECT.  c. Inform the client that ECT does not require client content  d. Document the client’s refusal of the treatment in the medical record    A nurse is caring for a client who is experiencing manifestations of alcohol withdrawal. Which of the following medications should the nurse plan to administer  a. Methadone  b. Clozapine  c. Bupropion  d. Lorazepam    A nurse is interviewing a client who was recently sexually assaulted. The client cannot recall the attack. The nurse should identity that the client is  using which of the following defense mechanisms?  a. Reaction formation  b. Suppression  c. Repression  d. Sublimation    A nurse is providing teaching about disulfiram to a client who has a history of alcohol use disorder. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply)  a. you will need to take the medication once daily  b. you will receive treatment in an inpatient setting  c. You can expect to develop a physical dependence to the medication  d. You should avoid mouthwash that contains alcohol  e. You should avoid drinking carbonated beverages while taking the medication    A nurse is assessing the boundaries of a client’s family. One of the family members says to the client, “I know exactly what you’re thinking righ  now.” The nurse should recognize that the family member is displaying which of the following types of family boundaries?  a. Clear  b. Enmeshed  c. Inconsistent  d. Rigid    A nurse is teaching the family of a client who has Alzheimer’s disease about safety interventions for nighttime wandering. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include  a. Place the client’s mattress on the floor  b. Encourage the client to take naps during the day.  c. Place rubber backed throw rugs on tile floors.  d. Install locks at the bottom of the exit doors.    A nurse in an acute care mental health facility is receiving morning report for a group of clients. Which of the following ellents should the nurse plan to assess first? a. A client who has posttraumatic stress disorder and is reported to have experienced a flashback during the night  b. A client who has generalized anxiety disorder and reports being frightened about an upcoming dental appointment  c. A client who is depressed and occasionally expresses suicidal thoughts but whose mood is reported to have improved this morning  d. A client who was recently admitted, has severe negative manifestations of schizophrenia, and is refusing to get up for breakfast    A nurse is interviewing a client who reports ongoing feelings of depression after the death of his sibling 9 months ago. Which of the following  actions should the nurse take  a. Caution the client against feeling angry at the sibling  b. Recommend that the client participate in more solitary activities  c. Explain to the client that the duration of grief is highly variable and can last for years.  d. Encourage the client to avoid discussing the events surrounding the sibling’s death    A nurse in a mental health facility is interviewing a newly admitted client who is related to the nurse’s neighbor. The nurse should identify that  which of the following must occur when establishing a therapeutic nurse-client relationship?  a. The nurse seeks to spend extra time specifically with the client each day,  b. The nurse maintains confidentiality unless the client’s safety is compromised.  c. The client regards the nurse as a friend  d. The client sees the nurse as an authority figure    A nurse is assessing a client during a follow-up visit at a behavioral health clinic. The client reports that they have not been taking the prescribed  antipsychotic medication on a regular basis. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to improve medication adherence!  a. Tell the client they will be admitted to an inpatient care facility if they do not take the medication  b. Discuss the provider’s goals for the client’s care,  c. Request the provider prescribe a second antipsychotic medication to the client.  d. Ask the client if the medication is causing adverse effects    A nurse is assessing a client who has a family history of Alzheimer’s disease. The nurse should identify which of the following findings as an additional risk factor for dementia?  a. Hypoglycemia  b. Recurrent urinary tract infections  c. Head injury  d. Asthma    A nurse is obtaining a medical history from a client who is requesting a prescription for bupropion for smoking cessation. Which of the following  assessment findings in the client’s history should the nurse report to the provider?  a. Hypothyroidism  b. Recent head injury  c. Hepatitis B infection  d. Knee arthroplasty 1 month ago    A nurse is planning emergency care for a client who has major depressive disorder and serotonin syndrome. Which of the following actions should  the nurse plan to take a. Prepare to administer atropine for a low heart rate  b. Administer naloxone to reverse respiratory depression  c. Place the client in a prone position to prevent dizziness  d. Use a tepid water bath to lower body temperature    A nurse in a mental health facility is making plans for a client’s discharge. Which of the following interdisciplinary team members should the  nurse contact to assist the client with housing placement?. a. Occupational therapist  b. Social worker  c. Clinical nurse specialist  d. Recreational therapist    A nurse is assessing a client who has depression and takes phenelzine. The client reports eating pepperoni pizza while out on pass during  lunchtime. Which of the following assessments should the nurse perform?  a. Blood pressure  b. Bowel sounds  c. Oxygen saturation  d. Pupil response      A nurse is assessing a client who recently started antidepressant therapy for the treatment of major depressive disorder. Which of the following  findings indicates the client is at an increased risk for suicide a. Unkempt appearance  b. Hypersomnia  c. Increased energy  d. Psychomotor retardation      A nurse is caring for a client who has an anxiety disorder and is scheduled for a procedure. The client informs the nurse that they do not want to  have the procedure. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?  a. Encourage the client to have the procedure.  b. Obtain consent from the client’s family member  c. Inform the client that they have the legal right to refuse treatment at any time  d. Request another nurse to review the procedure with the client.    A nurse is reviewing the medical record of a client who has anorexia  nervosa. Which of the following findings should the nurse report to the  provider? (Click on the “Exhibit” button for additional Information  about the client. There are three tabs that contain separate categories  of data.)  a. Heart rhythm  b. Edema  c. Temperature  d. Intake    A nurse is caring for a client who recently experienced the unexpected death of his child. Which of the following actions should the nurse take  first?  a. Identify the client’s support system  b. Request a prescription for alprazolam for the client.  c. Initiate a referral for the client to receive individual counseling  d. Ask the client if he is thinking about self-harm    A nurse is planning care for a client who demonstrates prolonged depression related to the loss of her partner 6 months ago. Which of the  following actions should the nurse take?  a. Discourage the client from reliving the events surrounding her loss.  b. Explain that it can take a year or more to learn to live with a loss.  c. Direct the client to maintain an unstructured daily routine.  d. Suggest that the client avoid social interactions that remind her of her partner    A nurse is speaking with a client. Which of the following responses by the nurse demonstrates the communication technique of reflection?  a. “You feel upset when this happens  b. “I would like to sit with you for a while.”  c. “Let’s work together to try to solve your problem  d. “Can you tell me what is happening now?”    A nurse is assessing a client who is experiencing alcohol withdrawal. For which of the following findings should the nurse anticipate  administration of lorazepam?  a. Bradycardia  b. Hypertension  c. Afebrile   d. Stupor    An older adult client is brought to the mental health clinic by her daughter. The daughter reports that her mother is not eating and see  uninterested in routine activities. The daughter states, “I’m so worried that my mother is depressed.” Which of the following responses should the nurse make  a. older adults are usually diagnosed with depressive disorder as they age  b. You shouldn’t worry about this, because depressive disorder is easily treated.”  c. Tell me the reasons you think your mother is depressed.  d. “Everyone gets depressed from tim

Validity in Quantitative Research Designs – 2025 Validity in Quantitative Research Designs Validity in research refers to the extent researchers can be confident that the cause and

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Validity in Quantitative Research Designs – 2025

 

Validity in Quantitative Research Designs

 

Validity in research refers to the extent researchers can be confident that the cause and effect they identify in their research are in fact causal relationships. If there is low validity in a study, it usually means that the research design is flawed and the results will be of little or no value. Four different aspects of validity should be considered when reviewing a research design: statistical conclusion validity, internal validity, construct validity, and external validity. In this Discussion, you consider the importance of each of these aspects in judging the validity of quantitative research.

 

To prepare:

 

  • Review the information in Chapter 10 of the course text on rigor and validity.

  • Read the method section of one of the following quasi-experimental studies (also located in this week’s Learning Resources). Identify at least one potential concern that could be raised about the study’s internal validity.

    • Metheny, N. A., Davis-Jackson, J., & Stewart, B. J. (2010). Effectiveness of an aspiration risk-reduction protocol. Nursing Research, 59(1), 18–25.

    • Padula, C. A., Hughes, C., & Baumhover, L. (2009). Impact of a nurse-driven mobility protocol on functional decline in hospitalized older adults. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 24(4), 325–331.

    • Yuan, S., Chou, M., Hwu, L., Chang, Y., Hsu, W., & Kuo, H. (2009). An intervention program to promote health-related physical fitness in nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(10), 1,404–1,411.

  • Consider strategies that could be used to strengthen the study’s internal validity and how this would impact the three other types of validity.

  • Think about the consequences of an advanced practice nurse neglecting to consider the validity of a research study when reviewing the research for potential use in developing an evidence-based practice.

 

Post on or before Day 3 (1) the title of the study that you selected and your analysis of the potential concerns that could be raised about the study’s internal validity. (2) Propose recommendations to strengthen the internal validity and assess the effect your changes could have with regard to the other three types of validity.(3) Discuss the dangers of failing to consider the validity of a research study

 

 REQUIRED RESOURCES

 

Readings

 

  • Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2012).  Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

    • Chapter 10, “Rigor and Validity in Quantitative Research”

      This chapter introduces the concept of validity in research and describes the different types of validity that must be addressed. Key threats to validity are also explored.

    • Chapter 11, “Specific Types of Quantitative Research”

      This chapter focuses on the specific types of quantitative research that can be selected. The focus is on the purpose of the research rather than the research design. These include such approaches as clinical trials, evaluation research, health services and outcomes research, needs assessments, or replication studies.

  • Cantrell, M. A. (2011). Demystifying the research process: Understanding a descriptive comparative research design. Pediatric Nursing, 37(4), 188–189.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases. (for review)

    The author of this article discusses the primary aspects of a prominent quantitative research design. The article examines the advantages and disadvantages of the design.

  • Schultz, L. E., Rivers, K. O., & Ratusnik, D. L. (2008). The role of external validity in evidence-based practice for rehabilitation. Rehabilitation Psychology, 53(3), 294–302.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

    This article details the results of a study that sought to balance concern for rigor with concern for relevance. The authors of the article derive and determine a rating format for relevance and apply it to cognitive rehabilitation.

 

Note: For the Discussion this week, you will need to read the method section of one of the following quasi-experimental studies. Refer to the details provided in the Week 6 Discussion area.

 

  • Metheny, N. A., Davis-Jackson, J., & Stewart, B. J. (2010). Effectiveness of an aspiration risk-reduction protocol. Nursing Research, 59(1), 18–25.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

  • Padula, C. A., Hughes, C., & Baumhover, L. (2009). Impact of a nurse-driven mobility protocol on functional decline in hospitalized older adults. Journal of Nursing Care Quality, 24(4), 325–331.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

  • Yuan, S.-C., Chou, M.-C., Hwu, L.-J., Chang, Y.-O,, Hsu, W.-H., & Kuo, H.-W. (2009). An intervention program to promote health-related physical fitness in nurses. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 18(10), 1,404–1,411.
    Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

 

Health Information Patient Handout – 2025 Assignment Health Information Patient Handout One of the pivotal goals of consumer health

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Health Information Patient Handout – 2025

Assignment: Health Information Patient Handout

One of the pivotal goals of consumer health literacy efforts is to design educational materials that attract as well as educate users. In this Assignment, you design a health information document on a topic that is of interest to you.

To prepare:

  • Select a health issue of interest to you.
  • Identify the audience or population that you seek to educate about this issue.
  • Search the Internet to find credible sites containing information about your selected topic.
  • Review the two health literacy websites listed in this week’s Learning Resources. Focus on strategies for presenting information.

To complete:

  • Design an educational handout on the health issue you selected.
    • Include a cover page.
    • Include an introduction that provides:
      • An explanation of your issue and why you selected it
      • A description of the audience you are addressing
    • In the handout itself:
      • Develop your handout in such a way that it attracts the attention of the intended audience.
      • Include a description of the health issue and additional content that will enhance your message (i.e., key terms and definitions, graphics, illustrations, etc.).
      • Recommend four or five sites that provide clear, valuable, and reliable information on the topic.

Note: Remember to keep the information in your health handout and its design at the appropriate level for the audience you are seeking to inform. Submit your Assignment as a Word document.

 

 

http://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/patient-involvement/ask-your-doctor/videos/clinician06/index.html

This week we will discuss the security of health care records and the protection of patient privacy. You will analyze the nurse’s responsibility to protect patient information and the extent that Health IT has made it easier or more difficult to protect patient privacy. You will comment on any security or ethical issues related to the use of portable devices to store information. You will also assess the strategies your organization uses to safeguard patient information and how these promote a culture of safety. You will describe an area where improvement is needed and one strategy that could address the situation.

 

NURS 5051/6051: Week 11, Application Assignment Rubric

 

           

REQUIRED CONTENT

EVALUATION

EXCELLENT

EVALUATION

GOOD

EVALUATION

FAIR

EVALUATION

POOR

SCORE

Includes a cover page and introduction forthe flyer with an explanation of the issue selected, a description of the audience, and the search terms used to identify resources.

 

 

 

 

 

(10 possible points)

This section demonstrates excellence.  To achieve a rating of “excellent” the student must discuss all of the concepts and key points presented in the text/s and Learning Resources.  Paper provides significant detail including multiple relevant examples, evidence from the readings and other peer reviewed sources published within the past 5 years, and discerning ideas.

 

 

(910 points)

This section demonstrates a good understanding of the content. To achieve a rating of “good” the student must discuss most of the concepts and key points presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. Paper includes moderate detail, evidence from the readings, and discerning ideas.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(8 points)

This section demonstrates a fairunderstanding of the content.  To achieve a rating of “fair” the student must discuss some of the concepts and key points as presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. Paper may be lacking in detail and specificity and/or may not include sufficient pertinent examples or provide sufficient evidence from the readings.

 

 

 

 

 

 

(7 points)

This section demonstrates poor understanding of the content. To achieve a rating of “poor”, the student includes few of the concepts and key points of the text/s and Learning Resources. Paper is missing detail and specificity and/or does not include any pertinent examples or provide sufficient evidence from the readings.

 

 

 

 

(0–6 points)

     

In the Flyer:

Defines key terms in a way that is appropriate for the target audience.

 

 

 

 

 

(10 possible points)

This section demonstrates excellence.  To achieve a rating of “excellent” the student must discuss all of the concepts and key points presented in the text/s and Learning Resources.  Paper provides significant detail including multiple relevant examples, evidence from the readings and other peer reviewed sources published within the past 5 years, and discerning ideas.

 

 

(910 points)

This section demonstrates a good understanding of the content. To achieve a rating of “good” the student must discuss most of the concepts and key points presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. Paper includes moderate detail, evidence from the readings, and discerning ideas.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(8 points)

 

This section demonstrates a fairunderstanding of the content.  To achieve a rating of “fair” the student must discuss some of the concepts and key points as presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. Paper may be lacking in detail and specificity and/or may not include sufficient pertinent examples or provide sufficient evidence from the readings.

 

 

 

 

 

 

(7 points)

 

This section demonstrates poor understanding of the content. To achieve a rating of “poor”, the student includes few of the concepts and key points of the text/s and Learning Resources. Paper is missing detail and specificity and/or does not include any pertinent examples or provide sufficient evidence from the readings.

 

 

 

 

(0–6 points)

 

Describes the health issue using language appropriate for the audience.

 

 

 

 

 

 (20 possible points)

This section demonstrates excellence.  To achieve a rating of “excellent” the student must discuss all of the concepts and key points presented in the text/s and Learning Resources.  The section provides significant detail including multiple relevant examples, evidence from the readings and other peer reviewed sources published within the past 5 years, and discerning ideas.

 

(1920 points)

This section demonstrates a good understanding of the content. To achieve a rating of “good” the student must discuss most of the concepts and key points presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. The section includes moderate detail, evidence from the readings, and discerning ideas.

 

 

 

 

 

 

(17–18 points)

This section demonstrates a fairunderstanding of the content.  To achieve a rating of “fair” the student must discuss some of the concepts and key points as presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. The section may be lacking in detail and specificity and/or may not include sufficient pertinent examples or provide sufficient evidence from the readings.

 

 

 

 

 

(15–16 points)

This section demonstrates poor understanding of the content. To achieve a rating of “poor”, the student includes few of the concepts and key points of the text/s and Learning Resources. The section is missing detail and specificity and/or does not include any pertinent examples or provide sufficient evidence from the readings.

 

 

 

(0–14 points)

 

Provides guidance on how to identify websites and resources with credible information on the issue.

 

 

 

 

 

(20 possible points)

This section demonstrates excellence.  To achieve a rating of “excellent” the student must discuss all of the concepts and key points presented in the text/s and Learning Resources.  The section provides significant detail including multiple relevant examples, evidence from the readings and other peer reviewed sources published within the past 5 years, and discerning ideas.

 

(1920 points)

This section demonstrates a good understanding of the content. To achieve a rating of “good” the student must discuss most of the concepts and key points presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. The section includes moderate detail, evidence from the readings, and discerning ideas.

 

 

 

 

 

 

(17–18 points)

This section demonstrates a fairunderstanding of the content.  To achieve a rating of “fair” the student must discuss some of the concepts and key points as presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. The section may be lacking in detail and specificity and/or may not include sufficient pertinent examples or provide sufficient evidence from the readings.

 

 

 

 

 

(15–16 points)

This section demonstrates poor understanding of the content. To achieve a rating of “poor”, the student includes few of the concepts and key points of the text/s and Learning Resources. The section is missing detail and specificity and/or does not include any pertinent examples or provide sufficient evidence from the readings.

 

 

 

(0–14 points)

 

Recommends 4-5 websites with clear, valuable, and reliable information on the issue.

 

 

 

 

 

 (10 possible points)

This section demonstrates excellence.  To achieve a rating of “excellent” the student must discuss all of the concepts and key points presented in the text/s and Learning Resources.  The section provides significant detail including multiple relevant examples, evidence from the readings and other peer reviewed sources published within the past 5 years, and discerning ideas.

 

(910 points)

This section demonstrates a good understanding of the content. To achieve a rating of “good” the student must discuss most of the concepts and key points presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. The section includes moderate detail, evidence from the readings, and discerning ideas.

 

 

 

 

 

 

(8 points)

 

This section demonstrates a fairunderstanding of the content.  To achieve a rating of “fair” the student must discuss some of the concepts and key points as presented in the text/s and Learning Resources. The section may be lacking in detail and specificity and/or may not include sufficient pertinent examples or provide sufficient evidence from the readings.

 

 

 

 

 

(7 points)

This section demonstrates poor understanding of the content. To achieve a rating of “poor”, the student includes few of the concepts and key points of the text/s and Learning Resources. The section is missing detail and specificity and/or does not include any pertinent examples or provide sufficient evidence from the readings.

 

 

 

(0–6 points)

 

Writing used in Introduction

 

 

 

 

 

(10 possible points)

Paper is well organized, uses scholarly tone, follows APA style, uses original writing and proper paraphrasing, contains very few or no writing and/or spelling errors, and is fully consistent with graduate level writing style. Introduction contains multiple, appropriate and exemplary peer reviewed sources (published within the past 5 years) expected/required for the assignment.

 

(9–10 points)

Paper is mostly consistent with graduate level writing style. Paper may have some small or infrequent organization, scholarly tone, or APA style issues, and/or may contain a few writing and spelling errors, and/or somewhat less than the expected number of or type of sources.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(8 points)

Paper is somewhat below graduate level writing style, with multiple smaller or a few major problems. Paper may be lacking in organization, scholarly tone, APA style, and/or contain many writing and/or spelling errors, or shows moderate reliance on quoting vs. original writing and paraphrasing. Paper may contain inferior resources (number or quality).

 

 

 

 

 

(7 points)

Paper is well below graduate level writing style expectations for organization, scholarly tone, APA style, and writing, or relies excessively on quoting. Paper may contain few or no quality resources.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(0–6 points)

     

Writing used in Flyer

 

 

 

 

 

(20 possible points)

Flyer is well organized, uses a tone appropriate for the audience, uses original writing and proper paraphrasing, contains very few or no writing and/or spelling errors, and is fully consistent with a health flyer writing style.

 

 

 

(18–20 points)

 

Flyer mostly uses a tone appropriate for the intended audience. Flyer may have some small or infrequent organization, tone issues, and/or may contain a few writing and spelling errors.

 

 

 

 

 

(16–17 points)

Flyer is written in a tone that is somewhat above or below the intended audience, with multiple smaller or a few major problems. Flyer may be lacking in organization, appropriate tone, and/or contain many writing and/or spelling errors, or shows moderate reliance on quoting vs. original writing and paraphrasing.

 

(14–15 points)

 

Flyer is well below graduate level work, expectations for organization, appropriate tone, and writing.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

(0–13 points)

 

Instructor comments:      

 

Up to 20 points may be deducted for lateness.

 

   

Total Score (100 possible points):

      points

 

 

 

Required Readings

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2015). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.

    • Chapter 17, “Supporting Consumer Information and Education Needs”

      This chapter explores health literacy and e-health. The chapter examines a multitude of technology-based approaches to consumer health education.

    • Chapter 18, “Using Informatics to Promote Community/Population Health”

      In this chapter, the authors supply an overview of community and population health informatics. The authors explore a variety of informatics tools used to promote community and population health.

  • Chapter 16, “Informatics Tools to Promote Patient Safety and Clinical Outcomes”

    The authors of this chapter present strategies for developing a culture of safety using informatics tools. In addition, the chapter analyzes how human factors contribute to errors.

Health literacy: How do your patients rate? (2011). Urology Times, 39(9), 32.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

 

The authors of this article define health literacy and emphasize its poor rates in the United States. Additionally, the authors recommend numerous websites that offer patient education materials.

Huff, C. (2011). Does your patient really understand? H&HN, 85(10), 34.

Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

 

This article defines hospital literacy and highlights the barriers that prevent it from increasing. It also emphasizes the difficulties created by language and financial costs.

The Harvard School of Public Health. (2010). Health literacy studies. Retrieved from http://www.hsph.harvard.edu/healthliteracy

 

This website provides information and resources related to health literacy. The site details the field of health literacy and also includes research findings, policy reports and initiatives, and practice strategies and tools.

Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (n.d.). Health literacy online. Retrieved June 19, 2012, from http://www.health.gov/healthliteracyonline/

 

This webpage supplies a guide to writing and designing health websites aimed at increasing health literacy. The guide presents six strategies that should be used when developing health websites.

U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (n.d.a). Quick guide to health literacy. Retrieved June 19, 2012, from http://www.health.gov/communication/literacy/quickguide/Quickguide.pdf

 

This article contains an overview of key health literacy concepts and techniques for improving health literacy. The article also includes examples of health literacy best practices and suggestions for improving health literacy.

Required Media

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (Executive Producer). (2012a). Interview with Rachelle Toman, M.D. Ph.D. Rockville, MD: Author. Retrieved from http://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/patient-involvement/ask-your-doctor/videos/clinician06/index.html

 

In this interview, Dr. Toman discusses the importance of asking patients questions to ensure they have been able to sufficiently communicate their concerns.

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (Executive Producer). (2012b). The waiting room video. Rockville, MD: Author. Retrieved from http://www.ahrq.gov/patients-consumers/patient-involvement/ask-your-doctor/videos/waitroom/index.html

 

This video addresses the importance of communication in the patient-health care professional relationship. It highlights the need to ask meaningful questions to the patient to fully understand issues and concerns.

APA FORMAT

Devry nr508 week 1 quiz 2016 – 2025 Question 1 Osteopenia is diagnosed in a 55 year old woman who has not had

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Devry nr508 week 1 quiz 2016 – 2025

Question

1. Osteopenia is diagnosed in a 55-year-old woman who has not had a period in 15 months. She has a positive family history of breast cancer. The primary care NP should recommend:

testosterone therapy.

estrogen-only therapy.

nonhormonal drugs for osteoporosis.

estrogen-progesterone therapy for 1 to 2 years.

Question 2. A patient takes a cardiac medication that has a very narrow therapeutic range. The primary care NP learns that the particular brand the patient is taking is no longer covered by the patient’s medical plan. The NP knows that the bioavailability of the drug varies from brand to brand. The NP should:

contact the insurance provider to explain why this particular formulation is necessary.

change the patient’s medication to a different drug class that doesn’t have these bioavailability variations.

accept the situation and monitor the patient closely for drug effects with each prescription refill.

ask the pharmaceutical company that makes the drug for samples so that the patient does not incur out-of-pocket expense.

Question 3. A patient brings written information about a medication to a primary care NP about a new drug called Prism and wants to know if the NP will prescribe it. The NP notes that the information is from an internet site called “Prism.com.” The NP should tell this patient that:

this information is probably from a drug advertisement website.

this is factual, evidence-based material with accurate information.

the information is from a nonprofit group that will not profit from drug sales.

internet information is unreliable because anyone can post information there.

Question 4. A primary care NP is reviewing written information about a newly prescribed medication with a patient. To evaluate this patient’s understanding of the information, the NP should ask the patient to:

read the information aloud.

describe how the medication will be taken.

write down questions about the medication.

tell the NP if the information is unclear.

Question 5. A patient is diagnosed with lupus and reports occasional use of herbal supplements. The primary care NP should caution this patient to avoid:

ginseng.

echinacea.

ginkgo biloba.

St. John’s wort.

Question 6. A patient who has chronic pain and who takes oxycodone (Percodan) calls the clinic to ask for a refill of the medication. The primary care NP notes that the medication refill is not due for 2 weeks. The patient tells the NP that the refill is needed because he is going out of town. The NP should:

fill the prescription and document the patient’s explanation of the reason.

review the patient’s chart to see if this is a one-time or repeat occurrence.

call the patient’s pharmacist and report suspicion of drug-seeking behaviors.

confront the patient about misuse of narcotics and refuse to fill the prescription.

Question 7. The primary care NP prescribes an extended-cycle monophasic pill regimen for a young woman who reports having multiple partners.Which statement by the patient indicates she understands the  regimen?

“I have to take a pill only every 3 months.

“I should expect to have only four periods each year.

“I will need to use condoms for only 7 more days.

“This type of pill has fewer side effects than other types.

Question 8. The primary care NP sees a patient covered by Medicaid, writes a prescription for a medication, and is informed by the pharmacist that the medication is “off-formulary.” The NP should:

inform the patient that an out-of-pocket expense will be necessary.

write the prescription for a generic drug if it meets the patient’s needs.

call the patient’s insurance provider to advocate for this particular drug.

contact the pharmaceutical company to see if medication samples are available.

Question 9. A 55-year-old woman has not had menstrual periods for 5 years and tells the primary care nurse practitioner (NP) that she is having increasingly frequent vasomotor symptoms. She has no family history or risk factors for coronary heart disease (CHD) or breast cancer but is concerned about these side effects of hormone therapy (HT). The NP should:

tell her that starting HT now may reduce her risk of breast cancer.

advise a short course of HT now that may decrease her risk for CHD.

tell her that HT will not help control her symptoms during postmenopause.

recommend herbal supplements for her symptoms to avoid HT side effects.

Question 10. A primary care NP recommends an over-the-counter medication for a patient who has acid reflux. When teaching the patient about this drug, the NP should tell the patient:

to take the dose recommended by the manufacturer.

not to worry about taking this drug with any other medications.

to avoid taking other drugs that cause sedation while taking this drug.

that over-the-counter acid reflux medications are generally safe to take with other medications.

Question 11. A patient will begin taking two drugs that are both protein-bound. The primary care NP should:

prescribe increased doses of both drugs.

monitor drug levels, actions, and side effects.

teach the patient to increase intake of protein.

stagger the doses of drugs to be given 1 hour apart.

Question 12. The primary care NP has referred a child who has significant gastrointestinal reflux disease to a specialist for consideration for a fundoplication and gastrostomy tube placement. The child’s weight is 80% of what is recommended for age, and a recent swallow study revealed significant risk for aspiration. The child’s parents do not want the procedure. The NP should:

compromise with the parents and order a nasogastric tube for feedings.

initiate a discussion with the parents about the potential outcomes of each possible action.

refer the family to a case manager who can help guide the parents to the best decision.

understand that the child’s parents have a right to make choices that override those of the medical team.

Question 13. A primary care NP is developing a clinical practice guideline for management of a patient population in a midsized suburban hospital. The NP should:

use an existing guideline from a leading research hospital.

follow the guideline provided by a third-party payer to help ensure reimbursement.

review expert opinion and experimental, anecdotal, correlational study data.

write the guideline to adhere to long-standing practice protocols already in use.

Question 14. The primary care nurse practitioner (NP) writes a prescription for an antibiotic using an electronic drug prescription system. The pharmacist will fill this prescription when:

the electronic prescription is received.

the patient brings a written copy of the prescription.

a copy of the written prescription is faxed to the pharmacy.

the pharmacist accesses the patient’s electronic record to verify.

Question 15. A primary care NP is preparing to prescribe a drug and notes that the drug has nonlinear kinetics. The NP should:

monitor frequently for desired and adverse effects.

administer a much higher initial dose as a loading dose.

monitor creatinine clearance at baseline and periodically.

administer the drug via a route that avoids the first-pass effect.

Question 16. An important difference between physician assistants (PAs) and NPs is PAs:

always work under physician supervision.

are not required to follow drug treatment protocols.

may write for all drug categories with physician co-signatures.

have both inpatient and outpatient independent prescriptive authority.

Question 17. A primary care NP writes a prescription for an off-label use for a drug. To help ensure compliance, the NP should:

include information about the off-label use on the E-script.

provide the patient with written instructions about how to use the medication.

tell the patient to let the pharmacist know that the drug is being used for an off-label use.

follow up by phone in several days to see if the patient is using the drug appropriately.

Question 18. A patient reports taking antioxidant supplements to help prevent cancer. The primary care NP should:

review healthy dietary practices with this patient.

make sure that the supplements contain large doses of vitamin A.

tell the patient that antioxidants are especially important for patients who smoke.

tell the patient that evidence shows antioxidants to be effective in preventing cancer.

Question 19. A woman comes to the clinic to talk about weight reduction. The primary care nurse practitioner (NP) calculates a body mass index (BMI) of 28. The woman’s waist measures 34 inches. The woman tells the NP that she would like to lose 20 lb for her daughter’s wedding in 6 months. The NP should:

suggest she try over-the-counter (OTC) orlistat.

consider prescribing phentermine short-term.

discuss her short-term and long-term weight loss goals.

give her information about physical activity and diet modification.

Question 20. A patient comes to the clinic and asks the primary care NP about using a newly developed formulation of the drug the patient has been taking for a year. When deciding whether or not to prescribe this formulation, the NP should:

tell the patient that when postmarketing data is available, it will be considered.

review the pharmaceutical company promotional materials about the new medication.

prescribe the medication if it is less expensive than the current drug formulation.

prescribe the medication if the new drug is available in an extended-release form.

Question 21. An adolescent girl has chosen Depo-Provera as a contraceptive method and tells the primary care NP that she likes the fact that she won’t have to deal with pills or periods. The primary care NP should tell her that she:

should consider another form of contraception after 1 year.

may have irregular bleeding, especially in the first month or so.

will need to take calcium and vitamin D every day while using this method.

will have to take oral contraceptive pills in addition to Depo-Provera when she takes antibiotics.

Question 22. A patient receives an inhaled corticosteroid to treat asthma. The patient asks the primary care NP why the drug is given by this route instead of orally. The NP should explain that the inhaled form:

is absorbed less quickly.

has reduced bioavailability.

has fewer systemic side effects.

provides dosing that is easier to regulate.

Question 23. A patient who has breast cancer has been taking toremifene for 2 weeks. She tells her primary care NP that she thinks her tumor has grown larger. The NP should:

schedule her for a breast ultrasound.

reassure her that this is common and will subside.

tell her she may need an increased dose of this medication.

contact her oncologist to discuss adding another medication.

Question 24. The primary care NP is prescribing a medication for an off-label use. To help prevent a medication error, the NP should:

write “off-label use” on the prescription and provide a rationale.

call the pharmacist to explain why the instructions deviate from common use.

write the alternative drug regimen on the prescription and send it to the pharmacy.

tell the patient to ignore the label directions and follow the verbal instructions given in the clinic.

Question 25. The primary care NP sees a woman who has been taking HT for menopausal symptoms for 3 years. The NP decreases the dosage, and several weeks later, the woman calls to report having several hot flashes each day. The NP should:

increase the HT dose.

discontinue HT.

recommend black cohosh to alleviate symptoms.

reassure her that these symptoms will diminish over time.

 

 

NRS-440V Week 4 Legislative Worksheet (SBAR Format): How a Bill Becomes a Law Trends and Issues in Health Care – Nurses in Politics – 2025 A Grade Solution NRS 440V Week 4 Legislative Worksheet SBAR Format How a Bill Becomes

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NRS-440V Week 4 Legislative Worksheet (SBAR Format): How a Bill Becomes a Law Trends and Issues in Health Care – Nurses in Politics – 2025

A+ Grade Solution

NRS-440V Week 4 Legislative Worksheet (SBAR Format): How a Bill Becomes a Law

Trends and Issues in Health Care – Nurses in Politics

As you have discovered through this course, nurses are influential members of the community and the political system.

Therefore, for the purposes of this assignment you will identify a problem or concern in your community, organization, etc. that has the capacity to be legislated. You will conduct research and state a proposal. Through the legislative process, your proposal for the problem or concern may influence an idea for change into a law.

First, refer to the “How a Bill Becomes a Law” media.

Then, view the “Bill to Law Process” to watch the scenario.

Legislative Worksheet (SBAR Format) How a Bill Becomes a Law

SITUATION: IS THIS SOMETHING THAN CAN BE LEGISLATED?

Identify the problem/concern:

State your proposal/idea.

BACKGROUND: DO YOUR RESEARCH

Include studies, reports, personal experience, or anecdotal stories related to your proposal.

Has there been similar legislation introduced and/or passed in other states? If so, include it.

ASSESSMENT: FINANCES AND STAKEHOLDERS

Identify financial impact if any (e.g., added costs, cost savings, increased revenue):

Hospital Board of Directors

RECOMMENDATION

Make an appointment with your legislator to discuss your proposal.

Please see below and contact – 2025 Statistical Technique in Review Most research reports describe the subjects or participants who comprise the study

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Please see below and contact – 2025

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Statistical Technique in Review

 

 

 

Most research reports describe the subjects or participants who comprise the study sample. This description of the sample is called the sample characteristics, which may be presented in a table and/or the narrative of the article. The sample characteristics are often presented for each of the groups in a study (i.e., intervention and control groups). Descriptive statistics are calculated to generate sample characteristics, and the type of statistic conducted depends on the level of measurement of the demographic variables included in a study (Grove, Burns, & Gray, 2013). For example, data collected on gender is nominal level and can be described using frequencies, percentages, and mode. Measuring educational level usually produces ordinal data that can be described using frequencies, percentages, mode, median, and range. Obtaining each subject’s specific age is an example of ratio data that can be described using mean, range, and standard deviation. Interval and ratio data are analyzed with the same statistical techniques and are sometimes referred to as interval/ratio-level data in this text.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Research Article

 

 

 

Source

 

 

 

Oh, E. G., Yoo, J. Y., Lee, J. E., Hyun, S. S., Ko, I. S., & Chu, S. H. (2014). Effects of a three-month therapeutic lifestyle modification program to improve bone health in postmenopausal Korean women in a rural community: A randomized controlled trial. Research in Nursing & Health, 37(4), 292–301.

 

 

 

 

 

Introduction

 

 

 

Oh and colleagues (2014) conducted a randomized controlled trial (RCT) to examine the effects of a therapeutic lifestyle modification (TLM) intervention on the knowledge, self-efficacy, and behaviors related to bone health in postmenopausal women in a rural community. The study was conducted using a pretest-posttest control group design with a sample of 41 women randomly assigned to either the intervention (n = 21) or control group (n = 20). “The intervention group completed a 12-week, 24-session TLM program of individualized health monitoring, group health education, exercise, and calcium–vitamin D supplementation. Compared with the control group, the intervention group showed significant increases in knowledge and self-efficacy and improvement in diet and exercise after 12 weeks, providing evidence that a comprehensive TLM program can be effective in improving health behaviors to maintain bone health in women at high risk of osteoporosis” (Oh et al., 2014, p. 292).

 

 

 

98

 

 

 

 

 

Relevant Study Results

 

 

 

“Bone mineral density (BMD; g/cm2) was measured by dual energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) with the use of a DEXXUM T machine . . . . A daily calibration inspection was performed. The error rate for these scans is less than 1%. Based on the BMD data, the participants were classified into three groups: osteoporosis (a BMD T-score less than −2.5); osteopenia (a BMD T-score between −2.5 and −1.0); and normal bone density (a BMD T-score higher than −1.0)” (Oh et al. 2014, p. 295).

 

 

 

 

 

“Characteristics of Participants

 

 

 

The study participants were 51–83 years old, and the mean age was 66.2 years (SD = 8.2). The mean BMI was 23.8 kg/m2 (SD = 3.2). Most participants did not consume alcoholic drinks, and all were nonsmokers. Antihypertensives and analgesics such as aspirin and acetaminophen were the most common medications taken by the participants. Less than 20% of participants had a regular routine of exercise at least three times per week. Daily calcium- and vitamin D-rich food intake (e.g., dairy products, fish oil, meat, and eggs) was low. Seventy-five percent (n = 31) of the participants had osteoporosis or osteopenia. There were no differences in the baseline characteristics of the groups (Table 2). The adherence rate to the TLM program was 99.6%” (Oh et al., 2014, p. 296).

 

 

 

TABLE 2

 

BASELINE CHARACTERISTICS AND HOMOGENEITY OF THE TREATMENT AND CONTROL GROUPS

 

 

 

Intervention (n = 21)Control (n = 20)CharacteristicMean ± SD Mean ± SD t or χ2 a 

 

Anthropometric Age (years)65.95 ± 8.5966.35 ± 7.940.154 Height (cm)152.33 ± 6.53150.57 ± 6.010.896 Weight (kg)57.90 ± 10.8554.66 ± 9.481.016 BMI (kg/m2)24.17 ± 3.1423.38 ± 3.320.782Lifestyle Years since menopause20.21 ± 10.4417.5 ± 11.050.767 Calcium-rich food intake (times/week)27.3 ± 11.423.8 ± 8.81.110 Vitamin D-rich food intake (times/week)2.4 ± 2.53.1 ± 3.10.705Intervention (n = 21) Control (n = 20) Characteristic n  %  n  % t or χ2  a    History of fracture8385251.026 Regular exercise (≥3 times/week)4194200.006 Non-drinker (alcohol)2095201000.024 Non-smoker21100201000.024Bone statusb   Normal (T ≥ −1.0)6294201.995 Osteopenia (−1.0 > T > −2.5)8381260 Osteoporosis (T ≤ −2.5)733420Intervention (n = 21) Control (n = 20) Characteristic Mean ± SD  Mean ± SD  t or χ2  a   BMD Lumbar 2–40.83 ± 0.120.85 ± 0.200.526 Femur neck0.67 ± 0.150.67 ± 0.130.055Bone biomarkers Serum osteocalcin (ng/ml)13.97 ± 4.9015.85 ± 5.641.135 Serum calcium (mg/dl)9.47 ± 0.409.54 ± 0.590.405 Serum phosphorus (mg/dl)3.68 ± 0.443.70 ± 0.500.165 Serum alkaline phosphatase (IU/L)68.43 ± 21.5266.70 ± 13.240.308 Serum 25-OH-Vitamin D (ng/ml)14.03 ± 4.3412.38 ± 4.651.177 Urine deoxypyridinoline (nM/mM creatinine)5.70 ± 1.705.95 ± 1.120.555

 

 

 

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a All group differences p > 0.05.

 

 

 

b Defined from T-score of femur neck site based on World Health Organization criteria.

 

Note. SD, standard deviation; BMD, bone mineral density (g/cm2).

 

Oh, E. G., Yoo, J. Y., Lee, J. E., Hyun, S. S., Ko, I. S., & Chu, S. H. (2014). Effects of a three-month therapeutic lifestyle modification program to improve bone health in postmenopausal Korean women in a rural community: A randomized controlled trial. Research in Nursing & Health, 37(4), p. 297.

 

 

 

 

 

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Study Questions

 

 

 

 

 

1.  What demographic variables were described in this study?

 

2.  Which variable was measured at the ordinal level? Provide a rationale for your answer.

 

3.  What level of measurement is the data for history of fracture? Provide a rationale for your answer.

 

4.  What statistics were calculated to describe history of fracture? Were these appropriate? Provide a rationale for your answer.

 

5.  Could a mean be calculated on the history of fracture data? Provide a rationale for your answer.

 

6.  What statistics were calculated to describe the regular exercise (≥3 times per week) for the intervention and control groups? Calculate the frequency and percentage of the total sample who exercised regularly. Round your answer to the nearest tenth of a percent.

 

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7.  What statistics were calculated to describe age in this study? Were these appropriate? Provide a rationale for your answer.

 

8.  Were the intervention and control groups significantly different for age? Provide a rationale for your answer.

 

9.  What was the mode for bone status for the total sample (N = 41)? Determine the frequency and percentage for the bone status mode for the sample. Round your answer to the nearest whole percent. Why is this clinically important?

 

10.  Based on the bone status of the study participants, discuss the clinical importance of this study. Document your response.

 

 

 

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Answers to Study Questions

 

 

 

 

 

1.  Demographic variables described in the study were age, height, weight, body mass index (BMI), lifestyle (years since menopause, calcium-rich food intake, vitamin D-rich food intake), history of fracture, regular exercise, alcohol consumption, and smoking. You might have identified the bone status, bone mineral density (BMD), and bone biomarkers but these are dependent variables for this study (Grove et al., 2013).

 

2.  The variable bone status provided ordinal-level data. The researchers classified the participants into three groups, normal (T-score higher than −1.0), osteopenia (T-score between −1.0 and −2.5), and osteoporosis (T-score less than −2.5), based on their BMD scores. These categories are exhaustive, mutually exclusive, and can be ranked from greatest or normal BMD to osteoporosis or least BMD.

 

3.  The data collected for history of fracture are nominal level, including the two categories of no history of fracture and yes history of fracture. These categories are exhaustive and mutually exclusive, since all study participants will fit into only one category. These yes and no categories of history of fracture cannot be ranked so the data are nominal versus ordinal level (see Exercise 1).

 

4.  Frequencies and percentages were used to describe history of fracture for the intervention and control groups. Since the data are nominal, frequencies and percentages were appropriate. The researchers might have also identified the mode, which was no history of fracture since 13 participants had a history of fracture and 28 had no history of fracture.

 

5.  No, a mean cannot be calculated on the history of fracture data, which are nominal-level data that can only be organized into categories (see Exercise 1). A mean can only be calculated on interval- and ratio-level data that are continuous and have numerically equal distances between intervals.

 

6.  Regular exercise was described for both the intervention and control groups using frequencies and percentages. A total of 8 or 19.5% of the participants exercised regularly. Eight of the participants (4 in the intervention and 4 in the control groups) were involved in regular exercise of the sample (N = 41). Percentage = (8 ÷ 41) × 100% = 0.1951 × 100% = 19.51% = 19.5%. Researchers also indicated in the narrative that less than 20% of the participants were involved in regular exercise, supporting the importance of providing these individuals with an exercise program.

 

7.  Age was described with means and SDs for the intervention and control groups (see Table 2). In the narrative, the range of ages for the participants was identified as 51–83 years, and the mean age for the total sample was 66.2 years (SD = 8.2). The statistics were appropriate since age was measured in years, which are ratio-level data that are analyzed with mean, SD, and range (Grove et al., 2013).

 

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8.  No, the groups were not significantly different for age. The results from the t-test (t = 0.154) indicated that the groups were not significantly different for age. In addition, the bottom of Table 2 states that all group differences were p > 0.05. The level of significance (alpha) in nursing studies is usually set at α = 0.05, and since all differences were p > 0.05, then no significant differences were found for the baseline characteristics between the intervention and control groups.

 

9.  The mode was osteopenia for the intervention and the control groups. The number and percentage of participants with osteopenia for the sample was (8 + 12) ÷ 41 × 100% = (20 ÷ 41) × 100% = 0.488 × 100% = 48.8% = 49%. It is clinically important that 49% of the women in the study had osteopenia or thinning bones and needed assistance in managing their bone health problem. Also 11 participants had osteoporosis or holes in their bones, an even more serious condition, requiring immediate and aggressive management to prevent fractures.

 

10.  Oh et al. (2014) indicated that 75% (n = 31) of the study participants had osteopenia or osteoporosis. So it is important for these individuals to have their bone health problem diagnosed and managed. The TLM program is multifaceted and has the potential to reduce these women’s bone health problems (osteopenia and osteoporosis). Additional research is needed to determine the effect of this intervention with larger samples and over extended time periods. National guidelines and important information about the assessment, diagnosis, and management of osteoporosis and osteopenia might be found at the following website: http://www.guideline.gov/search/search.aspx?term=osteoporosis or the National Osteoporosis Foundation (NOF) website at http://www.nof.org. You might use a variety of resources for documentation including research articles, websites, and textbooks.

 

 

 

 

 

105

 

 

 

 

 

EXERCISE 10 Questions to Be Graded          (NEED THESE QUESTIONS ANSWERED)

 

 

 

Follow your instructor’s directions to submit your answers to the following questions for grading. Your instructor may ask you to write your answers below and submit them as a hard copy for grading. Alternatively, your instructor may ask you to use the space below for notes and submit your answers online at http://evolve.elsevier.com/Grove/statistics/ under “Questions to Be Graded.”

 

 

 

Name: _______________________________________________________ Class: _____________________

 

Date: ___________________________________________________________________________________

 

 

 

1.  What demographic variables were measured at the nominal level of measurement in the Oh et al. (2014) study? Provide a rationale for your answer.

 

2.  What statistics were calculated to describe body mass index (BMI) in this study? Were these appropriate? Provide a rationale for your answer.

 

3.  Were the distributions of scores for BMI similar for the intervention and control groups? Provide a rationale for your answer.

 

4.  Was there a significant difference in BMI between the intervention and control groups? Provide a rationale for your answer.

 

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5.  Based on the sample size of N = 41, what frequency and percentage of the sample smoked? What frequency and percentage of the sample were non-drinkers (alcohol)? Show your calculations and round to the nearest whole percent.

 

6.  What measurement method was used to measure the bone mineral density (BMD) for the study participants? Discuss the quality of this measurement method and document your response.

 

7.  What statistic was calculated to determine differences between the intervention and control groups for the lumbar and femur neck BMDs? Were the groups significantly different for BMDs?

 

8.  The researchers stated that there were no significant differences in the baseline characteristics of the intervention and control groups (see Table 2). Are these groups heterogeneous or homogeneous at the beginning of the study? Why is this important in testing the effectiveness of the therapeutic lifestyle modification (TLM) program?

 

9.  Oh et al. (2014, p. 296) stated that “the adherence rate to the TLM program was 99.6%.” Discuss the importance of intervention adherence, and document your response.

 

10.  Was the sample for this study adequately described? Provide a rationale for your answer.

 

PCN-531 Week 4 Family History Project Part II, Family History Paper – 2025 Refer to the Personal Family History Project Instructions and complete Part 2 This assignment uses a rubric

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PCN-531 Week 4 Family History Project Part II, Family History Paper – 2025

Refer to the Personal Family History Project Instructions and complete Part 2.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

 

NURS6521 Week 4 Quiz latest 2017 – 2025 Question Question 1 A patient with bronchial asthma is prescribed a sustained release preparation of theophylline

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NURS6521 Week 4 Quiz latest 2017 – 2025

Question

Question 1 A patient with bronchial asthma is prescribed a sustained-release preparation of theophylline. To help minimize the adverse effects of the drug, which of the following should the nurse suggest?

Question 2 A female patient has been taking zafirlukast for a week and is experiencing diarrhea. The nurse should instruct her to do which of the following?

Question 3 A 72-year-old man is prescribed theophylline for symptomatic relief of bronchial asthma. Which of the following findings would alert the nurse to the need for close monitoring?

Question 4 A 57-year-old male patient who has been prescribed doxorubicin for small-cell lung cancer is advised by the nurse to avoid taking aspirin or drugs that contain aspirin because it may

Question 5 A 72-year-old female patient is prescribed ipratropium aerosol for pulmonary emphysema. The nurse will instruct her to “test spray” the new metered-dose inhaler (MDI) three times before using it to prevent which of the following?

Question 6 A male patient is to begin treatment for pneumonia with an albuterol (Ventolin) inhaler. The nurse will advise the patient that he will most likely experience which of the following common adverse effects of the drug?

Question 7 The lower respiratory system utilizes a number of different mechanisms that confer protection and maintain homeostasis. Which of the following physiological processes protects the lower respiratory system?

Question 8 A 70-year-old woman has a complex medical and a current drug regimen that includes calcium and vitamin D supplements for osteoporosis, metformin (Glucophage) for type 2 diabetes, phenelzine (Nardil) for depression, and metoprolol (Lopressor) and furosemide (Lasix) for hypertension. The woman is requesting dextromethorphan for the treatment of a recurrent cough. What component of her drug regimen contraindicates the use of dextromethorphan?

Question 9 A 53-year-old man has been treated for severe asthma for several years with prednisone. Recently, his physician initiated alternate-day therapy for him. The patient tells the nurse that he would rather take the medication every day to prevent confusion. Which of the following would be the best response by the nurse?

Question 10 A nurse is providing discharge planning for a 45-year-old woman who has a prescription for oral albuterol. The nurse will question the patient about her intake of which of the following?

Question 11 A 68-year-old man complains of a chronic, nonproductive cough. He states that he has to have relief, that he has been coughing every 2 to 3 minutes, and he is worn out. Dextromethorphan is prescribed for him. Before he leaves the clinic he asks how long it will take for the medicine to work. The nurse will advise him that he should experience therapeutic effects in

Question 12 A female patient, age 36, is prescribed inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) for daily use. Which of the following adverse effects should the nurse closely monitor for in this patient?

Question 13 A patient is being treated for respiratory infection. He is a recovering alcoholic and has impaired liver function. The nurse will instruct the patient to be especially cautious when taking

Question 14 A college student has presented the campus medical clinic complaining of cold symptoms that he has been experiencing for the past 2 weeks. He tells the nurse that he has been taking OTC decongestants twice daily since the onset of the cold. What teaching point should the nurse provide to this student?

Question 15 A high school student was diagnosed with asthma when he was in elementary school and has become accustomed to carrying and using his “puffers”. In recent months, he has become more involved in sports and has developed a habit of administering albuterol up to 10 times daily. The nurse should teach the student that overuse of albuterol can lead to

Question 16 Which of the following will a nurse inform the patient is one of the most common adverse effects of guaifenesin (Robitussin)?

Question 17 A nurse is assigned to a patient who is receiving IV aminophylline. The nurse is aware that the IV infusion rate should be

Question 18 A patient with a diagnosis of nonsmall cell lung cancer is currently undergoing chemotherapy. At the encouragement of a family member, the patient has announced to the nurse his intention to complement this treatment with a regimen of herbal remedies. How should the nurse respond to this patient’s statement?

Question 19 A 47-year-old woman has been diagnosed with open-angle glaucoma. Pilocarpine drops are prescribed. The nurse’s assessment reveals that the patient has worn soft contact lenses for 15 years. The nurse will instruct the patient to

Question 20 A man who smokes one pack of cigarettes daily has been diagnosed with chronic bronchitis. He has been prescribed theophylline by his family doctor. What effect will the patient’s smoking status have on the therapeutic use of theophylline?

Question 21 A nurse is providing patient education to a 42-year-old man who has been prescribed dextromethorphan (Robitussin). The patient is a crane operator for a local construction company. The nurse’s assessment reveals that the patient is a smoker and has diabetes. The most important safety consideration while the nurse is designing a plan of care for this patient would be the fact that he is

Question 22 A nurse is caring for a female patient who has developed atelectasis because of thick mucus secretions. The nurse is monitoring IV administration of acetylcysteine (Mucomyst) and notices that the patient’s face is flushed. The appropriate nursing action would be to

Question 23 A 24-year-old factory worker has been prescribed guaifenesin for the first time. Which of the following will be a priority assessment by the nurse before the patient’s first dose?

Question 24 A 25-year-old woman comes to the clinic because of a chronic, nonproductive cough. Assessment reveals that she has a history of asthma and dextromethorphan, (Robitussin) is prescribed for her. The nurse will question this order because

Question 25 A patient is in the clinic for seasonal allergic rhinitis. Loratadine (Claritin) is prescribed. Which of the following statements will the nurse include when providing patient education concerning this drug?

Question 26 A female patient has been taking prednisone for her asthma for 1 month. The nurse will teach her to gradually decrease her dose of prednisone to avoid

Question 27 A female patient calls the clinic and reports that since she has been taking dextromethorphan (Robitussin), she has been extremely drowsy and dizzy. The nurse will question the patient about which of the following?

Question 28 After a recent history of shortness of breath that has become increasingly severe, a woman has been prescribed ipratropium by MDI while she undergoes a diagnostic workup. What patient teaching should the nurse provide to this patient?

Question 29 The parents of a 7-year-old boy who has just been diagnosed with allergic asthma are being taught about their son’s medication regimen by the nurse. The nurse is currently teaching the parent’s about the appropriate use of a “rescue drug” for acute exacerbations of their son’s asthma. What drug should the nurse suggests the parents to use in these situations?

 

Question 30 A nurse is providing education to a 56-year-old man who is admitted to the emergency department with an acute asthma attack. The nurse’s initial assessment reveals that the patient has a history of pneumonia, drinks large quantities of coffee, and eats a high-calorie diet.Albuterol is prescribed for him. The important consideration when the nurse is preparing a teaching plan will be that the patient