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Click on Courses on the left side, and then click on Technology Today for Medical Administration, click on Module 4, then assignments. Scroll down to Module 04 Quiz. Complete that quiz.

In nursing practice, accurate identification and application of research is essential to achieving successful outcomes. The ability to articulate research data and summarize relevant content supports the student’s ability to further develop and synthesize the assignments that constitute the components of the capstone project.

The assignment will be used to develop a written implementation plan.

For this assignment, provide a synopsis of the review of the research literature. Using the “Literature Evaluation Table,” determine the level and strength of the evidence for each of the eight research articles you have selected. The articles should be current (within the last 5 years) and closely relate to the PICOT question developed earlier in this course. The articles may include quantitative research, descriptive analyses, longitudinal studies, or meta-analysis articles. A systematic review may be used to provide background information for the purpose or problem identified in the proposed capstone project.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

Reply 1

 The variable an experiment measures is called the dependent variable. The variable is dependent on the independent variable which is being controlled by the researcher. Experiments try to identify the effects the independent variable causes on the dependent variable (Flannelly et al., 2014). On the other hand, extraneous variables refer to all variables in an experiment that could have effects on the experiment but are not independent variables. In an experiment, only the independent variable should have effects on the dependent variable. Therefore, researchers try to control the extraneous variables.

Two ways that researcher control extraneous variables are through random sampling and Experimental designs. In random sampling, they do not take away the variables but make sure they are equal in all groups. In experimental design, researchers reduce or completely remove the extraneous variables (Kaya, 2015).

References

Kaya, C. (2015, January 23). Internal validity: A must in research designs. https://doi.org/10.5897/ERR2014.1835

Flannelly, L., Flannelly, K. & Jankowski, K. (2014, September 25). Independent, dependent, and other variables in Healthcare and Chaplaincy Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/08854726.2014.959374

Reply 2

Variables in research are defined as an attribute of an object that is being studied. There are six types of variables in research which are dependent, independent, moderator, intervening, extraneous and controlled variables. The purpose of this paper is to explore independent, dependent, and extraneous variables and to explain how to control the extraneous variable.

Independent Variables are the variable that a researchercontrols or changes during a study. It has a direct effect on the dependent variable. An example of an independent variable is gender or level of education. On the other hand, the dependent variable is the variable that the researcher is measuring or testing during a study. The dependent variable depends on the independent variable. An example of a dependent variable is nutrition status, which depends on the independent variable level of education (Kaur, 2013). There is also the extraneousvariables, which are variables that the researcher is not intentionally studying in the experiment, but they negativelyinfluence the results of the study. There are various types of extraneous variables. The first type is participant variables, where the participants have prior knowledge or health status that could influence the study’s outcome. The second type is the situational variable, which includes lighting, temperature, or other environmental factors that may influence the study’s outcome. Thirdly is investigator effects, where the researcher unintentionally affects the study results by giving clues to the study participants on how they should act during the study.

Extraneous variables can be controlled by random sampling. Although random sampling does not eliminate extraneous variables, it ensures that they are equally distributed in both study groups. Secondly, situational variables, which areamong extraneous variables, become controlled by ensuring that the researcher controls the environment where the study takes place by keeping the noise and temperature levels and other environmental conditions constant. 

References

Kaur, S. P. (2013). Variables in research. Indian Journal of Research and Reports in Medical Sciences, 3(4), 36-38.http://www.hu.usp.br/wpontent/uploads/sites/598/2019/09/complemento-aula-1.pdf

Directions: Musculoskeletal
• A 72, year old man lived a fairly sedentary lifestyle as an accountant. Now that he is retired, he recognizes the need to be active to maintain his health as long as possible. He is concerned, however, that it is too late for him to start exercising because he has never engaged in such activities.

Part 1:
300+ words in length
• What encouragement, if any can you give him?
• What suggestions can you make for an exercise program?