Hello everyone, Kwabena Boateng is my name and people or friends normally called me “Kobe” for short. I also have a nickname called “Wapious” and please don’t ask me how I got that nickname. Currently, I am in the BSN  program and my goal and aspiration is to become a nurse in the near future. I have four adorable children, two girls and two boys ages 11, 8, 5 and 10 months. As you can tell. my hands are full and I am also a devoted Christian man who is also a Sunday school teacher teaching 2nd and 3rd graders. My goal is to help the upbringing  of these young  boys and girls into good Christian values. One aspect that I have realized is that, sometimes, when people know that  you value your religious values, at times they do take you for granted and act in such a way to bring you down. There is this ethical issue that happen at my work place that I would like to discuss.

          I work at a place predominantly about 99 percent males from all races and nationalities. Most of my work colleagues know that I am a Christian as a matter of fact also a Sunday school teacher that normally don’t work on Sunday’s. Just a couple of months ago, we were working at my department  and one of the guys brought up a topic for conversation as we normally do, talk more about sports mostly but this particular day, it was something different. The topic for that morning was about what everyone does on weekends, and it was turn taking for everyone when it gets to your turn. When it got to my turn, I said I prepare Bible stories, study materials and lessons for my 2nd and 3rd grades class on Saturday evening for Sunday service. Not knowing it did not sink well with one of the guys. He boldly said to me that he choose to spend his weekend at the gentlemen club and that I should join him that coming weekend. I respectfully objected by saying no and this guy started disrespecting me by calling me names and saying all kinds of profanity. He continue saying” do you do that for fun”. I responded by saying that I spend quality time also with dear family. He got irate and said to me ” Your life is boring” and continue saying lets go out and drink. I said to him, I don’t drink also. He continue saying all kinds of profanity and names whiles I did not alter another word again and walked away from the situation to de-escalate things because I did not wanted to get involve with what was going on because I knew that the end result will not be good considering we were at work environment. My question is this, why is it that some people cannot get along with you if you don’t do what they do or you don’t conform with them? I believe that, if someone respect you, it should be reciprocal irrespective of your political views, race, religious affiliation or background and it should be honored. 

           When I read about the article regarding the Los Angeles county ambulance crew that they should not transport patients with little chance of survival, it is very bad. This is because what happen to the policy that patient care is of outmost importance and that it is held to high esteem regardless of your background, race or political affiliation. I believe that every patient needs to be transported to the hospital for equal treatment. With this covid-19 crisis happening, it should not change the care that needs to be giving to all patient and same treatment should be giving to all.

In your initial post, consider the Four Prototypic Dimensions of Parenting and address the following:

1. Which style best describes the approach used by your parents/guardians when you were growing up?
2. Which style do you (or would you) use with your children?
3. What impact do you think the parenting-style you experienced growing up has had on you? Has it influenced (or would it influence) your style as a parent?

Be sure to support your responses and give examples.

Instructor and Class,

Addressing the Purnell Model for Cultural Competence and its relevance for advanced practice nurse, it is necessary to note that this theory helps nursing professionals identify twelve cultural domains where they need to practice cultural competence in order to provide high quality patient care.  These domains are as follows: heritage, communication, family roles and organization, workforce issues, bicultural ecology, high-risk behaviors, nutrition, pregnancy and childbearing, death rituals, spirituality, healthcare practices, and healthcare practitioner (Estevan, 2017).  Below, all these twelve domains will be observed in detail.

The domain of heritage refers to concepts related to country of origin, current residence, the effects of the topography of the country of origin and current residence, economics, politics, reasons for emigration, educational status, and occupations (Purnell, 2020).  The domain of communication implicates concepts related to the dominant language and dialects; contextual use of the language; nonverbal communications such as the use of eye contact, facial expressions, touch, body language, spatial distancing practices, and acceptable greetings; and the use of names (Purnell, 2020).  The domain of family roles and organization includes concepts related to the head of the household and gender roles; family roles, priorities, and developmental tasks of children and adolescents; child-rearing practices; and roles of the ages and extended family members; single parenting, sexual orientation, child-less marriages, and divorce (Purnell, 2020).

Further, the domain of workforce issues refers to concepts related to autonomy, acculturation, assimilation, gender roles, ethnic communication styles, individualism, and health care practices from the country of origin (Purnell, 2020).  The domain of bicultural ecology includes variations in ethnic and racial origins such as skin coloration and physical differences in body stature; genetic, heredity, endemic, and topographical diseases; and differences in how the body metabolizes drugs (Purnell, 2020).  The domain of high-risk behaviors includes the use of tobacco, alcohol and recreational drugs; lack of physical activity; nonuse of safety measures; and high-risk sexual practices (Purnell, 2020).

Next, the domain of nutrition includes having adequate food; food choices, rituals, and taboos; and how food and food substances are used during illness and for health promotion and wellness (Purnell, 2020).  The domain of pregnancy and childbearing refers to fertility practices; methods for birth control; views towards pregnancy; and prescriptive, restrictive, and taboo practices related to pregnancy, birthing, and postpartum treatment (Purnell, 2020).  The domain of death rituals includes how the individual and the culture view death, rituals and behaviors to prepare for death, burial practices, and bereavement behaviors (Purnell, 2020).

Finally, spirituality refers to religious practices and individual sources of strength (Purnell, 2020).  Health care practices includes the focus of health care such as acute or preventive; traditional, magicoreligious, and biomedical beliefs; individual responsibility for health; pain tolerance; self-medication practices; and views towards mental illness, and organ donation and transplantation (Purnell, 2020).  Health care practitioner refers to the status, use, and perceptions of traditional, and allopathic biomedical health care providers (Purnell, 2020).

In essence, advanced practice nurses (APNs) are expected to be well-educated and competent in all those twelve domains to be able to act professionally when facing differences and diversity related issues (Purnell, 2019).  Using the Purnell’s model, APNs can become more understanding and adaptive to various circumstances, and better able to apply culturally focused interventions.  The model helps APNs guide their thinking and decision-making process when they plan for holistic patient care (Purnell, 2019).

References

Estevan, G. (2017). Application of the cultural competence model in the experience of care in nursing professionals Primary Care. Atencion Primaria, 49(9), 549-556. doi: 10.1016/j.aprim.2016.10.013

Purnell, L. (2019). Update: The Purnell theory and model for culturally competent health care. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 30(2), 98-105. doi: 10.1177/1043659618817587

Purnell, L. D. (2020). The Purnell Model and Theory for Cultural Competence. In Textbook for Transcultural Health Care: A Population Approach (pp. 19-59). Springer, Cham.

 discuss potential obstacles that each aging issue may face if it were put to a popular vote. Is there an issue that may be harder than others to gather support if left to popular opinion? Your reply posts should be 100 to 150 words, with a minimum of one supporting reference included .

Response 1 

Social isolation is a major health problem that’s receiving more attention especially during the Covid-19 pandemic. The AARP Foundation (2016) has reported that social isolation is growing into a pandemic as over 8 million older adults are affected by this issue. Social isolation is associated with multiple health problems such as neglect of health practices, cognitive impairment and more (Lubben, 2018).
As individuals grow older changes in abilities, physical and social environments occur. Social isolation becomes part of the person’s life and affects them negatively. Some of the risk factors to social isolation include depression, hearing impairment, poor health, death of a spouse, friends or relatives. Individuals who are isolated are more likely to develop physical and mental health problems, dementia and suicidal risk; it also leads to increased risk for hospitalization (Hand, 2017).
All of these elements stated above are valuable findings that justify the reason why social isolation should be placed at the top of the list of social issues in aging. Social isolation is the catalyst for the development of many health problems and mental health issues in older adults. Second on the list should be addressing gaps in mental health services.
Researchers predict that the Coiv-19 pandemic will lead to a range of long-term mental health problems. They attest that the U.S is not fully ready to handle the wave of health problems caused by the global pandemic concurrently with the increased life expectancy. In order to face those challenges all health professions need to join forces and develop strategies to deliver appropriate care to individuals and empower global health community to care for the aging population (Vahia, 2020).

Response 2

 

As a senator preparing for this year’s policy agenda, it is imperative to address current social aging concerns.  The following concerns will be the main focus of this year’s agenda, and are listed from highest to lowest priority: social isolation, mental health service gaps, fall prevention programs, and HIV/AIDS interventions. With the current covid-19 pandemic, social isolation amongst the elderly is of biggest concern as it impacting both physical and mental health. In a study completed by Sepúlveda-Loyola et al. (2020), results determined that physical and mental health have been negatively impacted amongst the elderly population due to the social restrictions associated with the pandemic. Reported effects include anxiety, depression, poor sleep quality, and lack of physical activity (Sepúlveda-Loyola et al., 2020). Is it imperative to develop policies that will increase social interactions amongst the elderly population without putting their health at risk. The next most important concern to be addressed is the gap of mental health services available to the elderly population. Anxiety and depression are common amongst older adults; yet mental health services are limited, and underused by older adults (Parkar, 2015). Policies must be put into place to increase access to mental health services while removing the stigma surrounding mental health problems. 

Every year, one out of every four adults aged 65 and older experiences a fall, with one out of every five falls resulting in a serious injury (CDC, 2017). Every year, roughly 300,000 older adults are hospitalized for a hip fracture, with 95% of those fractures resulting from a fall (CDC, 2017). Fall prevention programs must be put into place in order to reduce the risk of an older adult experiencing a fall, as a fall can greatly limit an older adult’s ability to complete activities of daily living. Lastly, HIV/AIDS interventions is a social health concern that must be addressed. In 2018, 51% of individual with HIV were 50 years of age and older, and 1 in 6 newly diagnosed HIV cases were amongst people aged 50 and older (CDC, 2020). Policies must be put into place in order to prevent HIV and AIDS amongst older adults by increasing awareness, providing education on prevention, and providing resources for testing.