Topic 1: Epidemiology of Health Promotion

Read the required readings. Define the core functions of epidemiology. Select one of the epidemiologic core functions and provide an example of the how the core function might be demonstrated in clinical practice by a Masters prepared Registered Nurse. Can you relate this or one of the other functions to an example or content in your text readings?

There are 4 parts to the assignment. Please place all four assignments into one paper. The different parts should be clearly marked so your professor knows which question you are addressing.

1. Rewrite the following essays. Correct all errors in capitalization, spelling, and punctuation. Divide the passage into appropriate paragraphs. 

• Essay #1:

When my husband Joe had cancer surgery five years ago, each of his family members responded just as I knew they would. John, his father, decided to organize the family’s calls. Because, of course, everything would run so much more smoothly. Thus Jane, Matt, and Jim received detailed sheets of instructions in the mail. Telling them which days to telephone r.j. smith hospital to talk to Joe and what presents to send. Jane, enraged, promptly threw a tantrum. Calling Matt and me to complain about her father’s overbearing behavior. “I,” she yelled, “am a Psychiatrist who knows how to handle these situations, i am not still a child.” Matt also responded predictably. By avoiding the situation. He threw himself into his work. Normally a late sleeper, Matt took to leaving at 5:00 a.m., driving on the deserted expressway and arriving at work before six a.m. In addition, he didn’t return until 11:00 p.m. When he would fall into bed so exhausted that he couldn’t worry about Joe. Jim, too, responded predictably. He fumed inside for weeks, ignored John’s instructions, and sent cartons of books to Joe. So that he would never be bored. The books were funny. Because Jim had read Norman Cousins’ book about the healing power of laughter. Within a few months, Joe recovered from the surgery-in spite of his family 

• • Essay #2:

Treatment of atrial septal defect depends upon the size and symptoms and therefore is individualized an atrial septal defect of less than 3mm usually closes spontaneously (The Merck Manual, 2006). When the defect is between 3mm and 8mm it closes spontaneously in eighty percent of cases by the age of eighteen months, however, atrial septal defects located in the anteroinferior aspect of the septum (ostium primum) or in the posterior aspect of the septum near the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava (sinus venosus) don’t close spontaneously. If the defect is very small does not close spontaneously and the patient is asymptomatic. The treatment may be simply too monitor via an annual echocardiogram. Of course their is a risk of patients’ becoming symptomatic.  

Moderate-sized atrial septal defects or larger or patients’ who are symptomatic require closure of the shunt this is usually done between the ages of 2 and 6 years. A catheter-delivered closure device, such as Amplatzer Septal Occluder or Cardio-Seal device. May be used for closure of atrial septal defects less than 13mm in size, except than primum or sinus venosus defects. If the defect is greater than thirteen milimeters or located near important structures. Surgical repair becomes necessary. If the atrial septal defect is repaired during childhood there mortality rates approach 0 and the patient’s life expectancy approaches that of the general population prior to surgical repair, patients may need to be treated with diuretics; digoxin; ACE inhibitor; or beta blockers to prevent congestive heart failure (Moser & Riegel, 2007). Following surgical repair patience will receive aspirin to prevent clots, and be monitored closely for dysrhythmias and pulmonary hypertension. Oxygen and nitric oxide therapy have proven to be beneficial in treating postoperative pulmonary hypertension. Also patients who have primum atrial septal defect will need endocarditis prophylaxis.  

1. Guided writing exercise:
   • Think about a recent experience you have had that required you to use critical thinking skills. Set a timer for five minutes. Write about your experience. Do not worry about grammar, punctuation, or spelling. Just write, but stop at five minutes. Now go back and write your experience with correct grammar, punctuation, and spelling. Submit both written pieces. Add a concluding paragraph that answers the follows questions: How was the formal writing experience different from the timed writing experience? What did you do differently? Was there any difference in the time it took you? How did you ensure your spelling, grammar, and punctuation were correct? 
2. Describe when the following words would be used in a scholarly essay (define each word). Then, use those that are appropriate to a scholarly essay in a sentence. 
   • Their, there, they’re
   • Affect, effect
   • Its, it’s
   • your, you’re
   • then, than
   • accept, except
3. Describe the use of apostrophes in writing in general. When should apostrophes be used in formal writing? When should apostrophes be avoided in formal writing?

Note: There is no Synthesis Paper assignment due this week.

Assignment Expectations

Length: N/A

Structure: Place all 4 parts in one document

References: N/A

Identify an event that you experienced or one that you have read about that presented ethical concerns similar to Hurricane Katrina & COVID 19 as presented in the module.  You can use one of these events (Hurricane Katrina or COVID 19) or another event to discuss. Respond to all questions in narrative format. 

Primary Post

1. Understanding the pressures that healthcare professionals were faced with, how do you think you would fare in similar conditions?
2. What do you think about the behavior and decisions made by healthcare professionals during this event? Were you shocked by any life-or-death decisions made?
3. What legal and ethical standards must health care personnel be expected to uphold in a disaster? Should they—or any professional—be held to the same standards that operate during normal conditions? In other words, is there a gray area in ethics when things go disastrously wrong? (cite a source for ethical considerations- could be a professional nursing organization and/or other source specific to your work setting)
4. Ultimately, who is the most responsible for the tragedies that occurred? The hospital owners? The staff? The local, state, or federal government? Explain your rationale.
5. What lessons have been learned from this event from an organizational perspective and from a professional perspective? 

 This was a course of commuity health nursing taken online. 

These are some of te discutions we have done in class.

What are the responsibilities of community and public health nurses in promoting health and decreasing illness and injury in populations, families, and individuals?

What health factors can nurses address to work with young males of a community to improve overall health? 

Why is it the case that single men are prominently represented in the homeless? Is there a primary prevention program that could be a part of a public health initiative that would address this cohort specifically? 

 Suicide  in the youth population

Course Reflection

Course reflection assignment is part of the portfolio that students must complete during last week of the program.

The purpose of this assignment is to provide the student an opportunity to reflect on selected RN-BSN competencies acquired through the NUR4636 course. 

Please, be sure that your paper includes the following:

Introduction: It is really important to start your assignment with a clear introduction that should include the purpose of the reflection and addresses BSN Essentials (AACN, 2008) pertinent to healthcare policy and advocacy. These would usually be included in 1-2 paragraphs.

Body /Reflection: The course reflection is not just a summary of the learning experience during the course. You need to choose at least 4 of the BSN Essentials (AACN, 2008) (see course reflection guidelines) and write a reflective essay regarding the extent to which you feel you are now prepared. Reflect on the NUR4636 course readings, discussion threads, and applications you have completed across this course.

Choose 4 essentials from the following:

  

1. “Demonstrate basic knowledge of healthcare policy, finance, and regulatory environments, including local, state, national, and global healthcare trends.

2. Describe how health care is organized and financed, including the implications of business principles, such as patient and system cost factors.

3. Compare the benefits and limitations of the major forms of reimbursement on the delivery of healthcare services.

4. Examine legislative and regulatory processes relevant to the provision of health care.

5. Describe state and national statutes, rules, and regulations that authorize and define professional nursing practice.

6. Explore the impact of socio­cultural, economic, legal, and political factors influencing healthcare delivery and practice.

7. Examine the roles and responsibilities of the regulatory agencies and their effect on patient care quality, workplace safety, and the scope of nursing and other health professionals’ practice.

8. Discuss the implications of healthcare policy on issues of access, equity, affordability, and social justice in healthcare delivery.

9. Use an ethical framework to evaluate the impact of social policies on health care, especially for vulnerable populations.

10. Articulate, through a nursing perspective, issues concerning healthcare delivery to decision makers within healthcare organizations and other policy arenas.

11. Participate as a nursing professional in political processes and grassroots legislative efforts to influence healthcare policy.

12. Advocate for consumers and the nursing profession.

13. Assess protective and predictive factors, including genetics, which influence the health of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations.

14. Conduct a health history, including environmental exposure and a family history that recognizes genetic risks, to identify current and future health problems.

15. Assess health/illness beliefs, values, attitudes, and practices of individuals, families, groups, communities, and populations.

16. Use behavioral change techniques to promote health and manage illness.

17. Use evidence­ based practices to guide health teaching, health counseling, screening, outreach, disease and outbreak investigation, referral, and follow-up throughout the lifespan.

18. Use information and communication technologies in preventive care.

19. Collaborate with other healthcare professionals and patients to provide spiritually and culturally appropriate health promotion and disease and injury prevention interventions.

20. Assess the health, healthcare, and emergency preparedness needs of a defined population.

21. Use clinical judgment and decision-making skills in appropriate, timely nursing care during disaster, mass casualty, and other emergency situations.

22. Collaborate with others to develop an intervention plan that takes into account determinants of health, available resources, and the range of activities that contribute to health and the prevention of illness, injury, disability, and premature death.

23. Participate in clinical prevention and population ­focused interventions with attention to effectiveness, efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and equity.

24. Advocate for social justice, including a commitment to the health of vulnerable populations and the elimination of health disparities.

Use evaluation results to influence the delivery of care, deployment of resources, and to provide input into the development of policies to promote health and prevent disease.” 

Conclusion: This is your final chance to impress the reader so make it powerful. An effective conclusion identifies the main ideas and major conclusions from the body of your essay. Summarizes the benefits of the pertinent BSN Essential and sub-competencies (AACN, 2008) pertaining to scholarship for evidence-based practice.

Clarity of writing: clear writing, good sentence structure and organization with proper flow of meaning and correct grammar.

APA Format: APA 7th edition is required.

The length of the reflection is to be within three (3) to six (6) pages excluding title page and reference pages.

 

• Complete Part III of the Literature Review Matrix.
• In your analysis of the strengths and weaknesses of the existing literature, note the appropriate use of the theoretical frameworks.
• Complete Part IV addressing the influence of empiricism on quantitative methodology.

Below is the start of this project now to complete sections III and IV