•   Deliver a 5–7-page analysis of an existing quality improvement  initiative at your workplace. The QI initiative you choose to analyze  should be related to specific disease, condition, or public health issue  of personal or professional interest to you.
  Too often, discussions about quality health care, care costs, and  outcome measures take place in isolation—each group talking among  themselves about results and enhancements. Because nurses are critical  to the delivery of high-quality, efficient health care, it is essential  that they develop the proficiency to review, evaluate performance  reports, and be able to effectively communicate outcome measures related  to quality initiatives. The nursing staff’s perspective and the need to  collaborate on quality care initiatives are fundamental to patient  safety and positive institutional health care outcomes.
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• Toggle Drawer  Context
      The purpose of the report is to assess whether specific quality  indicators point to improved patient safety, quality of care, cost and  efficiency goals, and other desired metrics. Nurses and other health  professionals with specializations and/or interest in the condition,  disease, or the selected issue are your target audience.
     
• Toggle Drawer  Questions to Consider
      As you prepare to complete this assessment, you may want to think  about other related issues to deepen your understanding or broaden your  viewpoint. You are encouraged to consider the questions below and  discuss them with a fellow learner, a work associate, an interested  friend, or a member of your professional community. Note that these  questions are for your own development and exploration and do not need  to be completed or submitted as part of your assessment.
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• Toggle Drawer  Resources
      Suggested Resources
  The resources provided here are optional. You may use other  resources of your choice to prepare for this assessment; however, you  will need to ensure that they are appropriate, credible, and valid. The Nursing Masters (MSN) Research Guide  can help direct your research, and the Supplemental Resources and  Research Resources, both linked from the left navigation menu in your  courseroom, provide additional resources to help support you.
  Capella Resources
  Capella provides a thorough selection of online resources to help you understand APA style and use it effectively.
   
• APA Module.
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•  Assessment Instructions
      Preparation
  You have been asked to prepare and deliver an analysis of an  existing quality improvement initiative at your workplace. The QI  initiative you choose to analyze should be related to a specific  disease, condition, or public health issue of personal or professional  interest to you. The purpose of the report is to assess whether specific  quality indicators point to improved patient safety, quality of care,  cost and efficiency goals, and other desired metrics.
  Your target audience consists of nurses and other health  professionals with specializations or interest in your selected  condition, disease, or issue. In your report, you will define the  disease, analyze how the condition is managed, identify the core  performance measurements used to treat or manage the condition, and  evaluate the impact of the quality indicators on the health care  facility:
  Note: Remember, you can submit all, or a portion  of, your draft to Smarthinking for feedback, before you submit the final  version of your analysis for this assessment. However, be mindful of  the turnaround time for receiving feedback, if you plan on using this  free service.
  The numbered points below correspond to grading criteria in the  scoring guide. The bullets below each grading criterion further  delineate tasks to fulfill the assessment requirements. Be sure that  your Quality Improvement Initiative Evaluation addresses all of the  content below. You may also want to read the scoring guide to better  understand the performance levels that relate to each grading criterion.
   

1. Analyze a current quality improvement initiative in a health care setting.      
   • Evaluate a QI initiative and explain what prompted the  implementation. Detail problems that were not addressed and any issues  that arose from the initiative.
2. Evaluate the success of a current quality improvement initiative through recognized benchmarks and outcome measures.      
   • Analyze the benchmarks that were used to evaluate success.  Detail what was the most successful, as well as what outcome measures  are missing or could be added.
3. Incorporate interprofessional perspectives related to initiative functionality and outcomes.      
   • Integrate the perspectives of interprofessional team members  involved in the initiative. Detail who you talked to, their professions,  and the impact of their perspectives on your analysis.
4. Recommend additional indicators and protocols to improve and expand quality outcomes of a quality initiative.      
   • Recommend specific process or protocol changes as well as added technologies that would improve quality outcomes.
5. Communicate evaluation and analysis in a professional and  effective manner, writing content clearly and logically with correct use  of grammar, punctuation, and spelling.
6. Integrate relevant sources to support arguments, correctly formatting citations and references using current APA style.
7. Submission Requirements
    

• Length of submission: A minimum of five but no more than seven double-spaced, typed pages.
• Number of references: Cite a minimum of four sources (no older  than seven years, unless seminal work) of scholarly peer reviewed or  professional evidence that support your interpretation and analysis.
• APA formatting: Resources and citations are formatted according to current APA style and formatting.

The occurrence of cancer around the world is receiving increased attention by the medical establishment and the community. Numerous charities, universities, and non-profit organizations expend vast amounts of money and research to eliminate this disease in all of its forms. Unfortunately, not all types of cancer receive the same amount of attention in the media spotlight.  Whether it is due to embarrassment, ignorance, or fear, conversations about cancers involving the sexual reproduction systems are not as freely discussed in the United States or any other societies. 

While penile cancer is rare in the United States, it accounts for approximately 10% of cancers in African and South American men (Huether, McCance, Brashers, and Rote, 2017). A lack of social understanding, as well as the fear and ignorance that accompany diseases associated with sexual subjects, make delays a compounding problem. A specific diagnosis of penile cancer generally comes after a patient has noted a tumor or lesion. Further diagnosis, if it is not delayed, is done through an examination of the size, location, and fixation of the lesion. A biopsy is then performed along with imaging to determine if any metastasis has occurred in the surrounding lymph nodes. Treatment of this condition is usually completed with surgery although multimodal chemotherapy options are also being studied.  

Vaginal or cervical cancer is often discovered by females who experience vaginal bleeding or discomfort. These symptoms, again if not delayed, likely are followed by a physical including a bimanual pelvic examination and a Pap test. Additional testing for suspected cancerous growth includes an HPV test, colposcopy, and biopsy test to look for abnormal cellular growth or signs of cancer. Lastly, imaging, including MRI scans, computerized tomography, and positron emission tomography may be employed to identify and plan for the treatment of abnormal cellular growths. Treatment for cancer in the female reproductive organs is similar to that of men as surgery and chemotherapy, including radiation is often employed. 

Another similarity among men and women developing penile or cervical/vulvar cancer is the acquisition of the Human Papilloma Virus (HPV). Douglawi and Masterson (2019) note that nearly 40% of cases in France have been linked to this virus, which is most often acquired through unprotected sexual contact. Abramowitz et al. (2018) indicate an incidence of 7.5 per 100,000 women in the United States. Recent campaigns to vaccinate young adults, teens, and those in early adulthood has shown positive results in preventing transmission of this disease Joura, et al. (2019) agree that proper vaccination combined with screening can reduce recurrent or subsequent HPV disease transmission. 

A difference in the ability to recognize the presence of cancer includes visibility to the patient. Male sexual organs present an additional chance to catch the presence of a lesion by existing outside the body. Men that use good hygiene and self-examination practices are more likely to note a sore or lump on the penis than a female who must contend with pelvic pain or vaginal bleeding as a warning sign. 

Many of the same behavioral factors that cause cancer in other areas of the body are believed to be linked to the development of cancer within the reproductive organs. Factors such as smoking, poor personal hygiene, and HPV infection from unprotected sexual contact are associated with higher instances of penile or cervical/vulvar cancer (Emilio, Luigi, Riccardo, and Carlo, 2019). Additional factors such as diet and physical activity levels, remain a modifiable risk that can be adjusted with the appropriate education and effort. 

 Continued education of low-risk areas, as well as increased education of high-risk areas in Africa and South America, is the best way to reduce these debilitating illnesses. Information about the risk factors and best practices for maintaining a healthy lifestyle allow uneducated populations to realize access to treatment. The most effective avenue of treatment will include vaccines for males and females, to prevent acquiring HPV and information that stresses a healthier lifestyle, including physical activity and a low-fat diet.

References

Abramowitz, L., Lacau Saint Guily, J., Moyal-Barracco, M., Bergeron, C., Borne, H., Dahlab, A., Bresse, X., Uhart, M., Cancalon, C., Catella, L., and Bénard, S. (2018). Epidemiological and economic burden of potentially HPV-related cancers in France. Plos One, 13(9), e0202564. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0202564

Emilio, S., Luigi, V., Riccardo, B., & Carlo, G. (2019). Lifestyle in urology: Cancer. Urologia, 86(3), 105–114. doi:10.1177/0391560319846012

Douglawi, A., & Masterson, T. A. (2019). Penile cancer epidemiology and risk factors: a contemporary review. Current Opinion In Urology, 29(2), 145–149. doi:10.1097/MOU.0000000000000581

Joura, E., Kyrgiou, M., Bosch, F., Kesic, V., Niemenen, P., Redman, C. W., & Gultekin, M. (2019). Human papillomavirus vaccination: The ESGO–EFC position paper of the European society of Gynaecologic Oncology and the European Federation for colposcopy. European Journal of Cancer, 116, 21–26. doi:10.1016/j.ejca.2019.04.032

Use the outline you developed in Assessment 4 to draft and revise a 4-6-page cause-and-effect essay on a topic of your choice.

The purpose of a cause-and-effect essay is to show how an action or event caused specific effects to happen. In developing a cause-and-effect essay, you will often find that most situations are more complicated than they may seem, with many causes playing a part in a single effect.

In the workplace, you may be asked to write a report that looks at the factors contributing to a decline in sales or to a sudden increase in employee attrition. You will need to be able to look at each situation from multiple perspectives in order to present the most accurate picture.

Developing a draft is your chance to see how well you have organized your thoughts. After you write your draft, take a moment to look critically at what you have written:

• Does your essay say what you wanted it to say?
• Will a reader understand what you are saying?
• Have you focused on the most immediate and direct causes?
• Have you provided supporting evidence?

These are just some of the questions to consider as you work on this assessment. The assessment you submit should be the final version of your essay.

Demonstration of Proficiency

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the course competency through the following assessment scoring guide criteria:

• Competency 2: Apply information and use literacy skills to produce evidence-based written work.
  • Integrate relevant supporting references from scholarly sources.
• Competency 3: Apply prewriting, planning, drafting, and revision skills.
  • Apply accepted conventions of editing and revision.
• Competency 4: Apply accepted style conventions and written expression skills.
  • Use accepted methods for explaining cause and effect.
  • Write content clearly and logically, with correct use of APA format, grammar, punctuation, and mechanics.

Overview

In Assessment 4, you developed an outline as part of the prewriting process to help you organize and prepare to write your cause-and-effect essay. In this assessment, you will use that outline, along with the feedback you received from your faculty, to draft and revise the complete essay.

Instructions

Write a 4–6-page cause-and-effect essay on a topic of your choice. Your essay should include the following:

• Develop a draft of your cause-and-effect essay. Be sure you:
  • Identify your topic situation or event clearly.
  • Discuss the causes of the situation or event.
  • Identify the effects of the situation or event.
  • Develop a discussion of the effects of the situation or event.
  • Identify patterns that explain why things turned out the way they did.
• Write a clear introductory paragraph, thesis statement, and conclusion.
• Use relevant evidence to support your statements.
• Re-read your essay before you submit:
  • Are there any grammatical or mechanical errors?
  • Are there any typos?
  • Is your writing style clear and concise?
  • Do you have a clear thesis statement and introduction?
  • Is your APA formatting correct?
• Edit and revise your essay.
• Explain the steps you followed in your editing and revision process. Do not submit your assessment without this explanation!

Additional Requirements

• Style and Format: Use current APA style for references. Include a title page and references page.
• Length: Compose 4–6 pages in addition to the title page and references page.
• Resources: Cite a minimum of three resources.
• Font: Use Times New Roman, 12 point.

 Share your experiences with healthcare information systems, past or present. Has it been an easy transition or difficult? Why do you believe your experience has been positive or negative? If you are currently not working in a healthcare setting, how has the medical record exposure in nursing school impacted your current knowledge? 

 3 paragraphs, In text citation with references

 Political issues for Nursing

There are a multitude of issues at both the state and federal level that need to be changed. One of the most significant changes that needs to be made is patient staffing. In particular, we need safe staff and patient ratios, and we need laws to regulate them. These ratios help keep both nurses and patients safe. Currently in place is something called the “42 Code of Federal Regulations” (Nurse Staffing: Health care advocacy: American Nurses Association, n.d.). This law contains broad language about the actual numbers of nurses needed per patient, so it doesn’t help nurses or patients. In fact, it’s difficult even to enforce it because it isn’t specific enough! 

There are only 14 states that have some kind of nurse staffing law (Nurse Staffing: Health care advocacy: American Nurses Association, n.d.)! Every state should have clear, concise laws to ensure patient and nurse safety. This is important to me because it affects both my future patients and me. In order to “do no harm,” we must be able to practice nursing safely, effectively, and to the best of our ability. If we are trying to care for way more patients than is safe, we are not doing good for the patients, or ourselves. Enacting safe staffing laws allows nurses to practice safely, and in turn, give our patients the care they deserve.

Reference

Nurse Staffing: Health care advocacy: American Nurses Association. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.nursingworld.org/practice-policy/nurse-staffing/nurse-staffing-advocacy/.

Respond to the discussion above.