Comment 1

A research experiment need a research design. The design helps the researcher stay on track. Experimental research design works like an instruction manual that researchers follow during the experimentation process. The design lists how the experiment was conducted to determine its effectiveness and success (Reference, 2018). Experimental designs can be “simple or complex and have been developed for studies focused on examining causality” (Grove, 2081). An example of an experiment is the effect of chlorohexidine mouthwash on the prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia on ICU patients. The research is controlled, manipulated and random.

Nonexperimental designs are descriptive and correlational. They focus is on “examining variables as they naturally occur in environments and not on the implementation of a treatment by the researcher”(Grove, 2018). It is not controlled or manipulated. An example of descriptive design is assessing Multiple sclerosis, its frequency of symptoms and treatment during the disease.  A correlational example could be the effects of second hand smoke on non-smokers.

Comment 2

Sampling is choosing a determinate within a research study. There are many steps in the process of choosing a sample. “Sampling theory was developed to determine the most effective way of acquiring a sample that accurately reflects the population under study” (Grove, Gray, & Burns, p.278, 2015). The subjects in a qualitative study are called participants, they are not chosen by random sampling as in quantitative studies. The sampling for a qualitative study is usually smaller in size. “Data collected for quantitative studies are numerical.Numerous methods exist for data collection including observation, scales, and questionnaires” (GCU, 2012). Quantiative studies generally require a larger amount of participants because the results are based on numbers and percentages. The sampling process comprises several stages. Defining the population of concern, specifying the sampling frame, specifying a sampling method for selecting the items of events from the sampling frame, determining the appropriate sample size, implementing the sampling plan, sampling and data collecting, and data that can be selected. 

An example of sampling in a qualitative study would be a collection of participants to discuss their opinions, perspectives and feelings on a subject matter, like family members to hospice patients and their experiences with palliative care. An example of sampling in a quantitative study would be participants with same medical history with the same objective or goal in their health, like type 1 diabetes ages 19-24 in a research study on how glycemic control is obtained.

Generalizability is taking the same study used in a smaller sample and applying it to a larger population (Grove, Gray, & Burns, 2015). An example of this would be the results of a study of male patients with the diagnosis of MS in a specific state can be generalized to a larger population of male patients with diagnosis of MS in the nation.

 The Institute of Medicine’s (IOM) landmark publication – The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health has significantly changed the nursing profession. Review the IOM 2010 Report – The Future of Nursing: Leading Change, Advancing Health. Identify and discuss one (1) example of the impact the Future of Nursing report has had on the Advanced Practice Nurse role – Clinician, Educator, Researcher, Administrator, Entrepreneur, Consultant, or Leader. IOM Report Retrieved August 20, 2018 from The Future of Nursing

*Note: You can read the book online or download a free PDF copy. See the right side of the website. Do not purchase the book.

Additional Resource:

Campaign for action. (2018). Progress continues on IOM future of nursing report recommendations. Retrieved August 20, 2018 from https://campaignforaction.org/progress-continues-iom-future-nursing-report-recommendations/

 

• Length: A minimum of 250 words, not including references
• Citations: At least one high-level scholarly reference in APA from within the last 5 years
• Due 3/1/2021

 Post an explanation of at least two opportunities that currently exist for RNs and APRNs to actively participate in policy review. Explain some of the challenges that these opportunities may present and describe how you might overcome these challenges. Finally, recommend two strategies you might make to better advocate for or communicate the existence of these opportunities. Be specific and provide examples. 

250 words and 3 references. 

Write a well-developed essay in which you discuss the positives and negatives surrounding opioid use. Provide examples and include the following:

 The advantages and disadvantages of the use of semisynthetic opioid analgesics (oxymorphone, hydrocodone, and oxycodone) as compared to the natural opioid analgesics (morphine, codeine, and opium tincture).

 The degrees of tolerance, dependence, and addiction potential between classes

 The analgesic capabilities between classes

 The degrees of potency between classes

Include the following elements in your essay:

 An introduction with an argumentative thesis statement

 Relevant detail and evidence to suppose the advantages/disadvantages

 At least two sources (one can be the textbook)

 A conclusion

Your essay should be approximately two pages in length (not including the cover and reference page.) Follow APA format and be sure to cite, and reference all outside sources that you used.

Information about accessing the Blackboard Grading Rubric for this assignment is provided below.

 

Nurses often become motivated to change aspects within the larger health care system based on their real-world experience. As such, many nurses take on an advocacy role to influence a change in regulations, policies, and laws that govern the larger health care system.

For this assignment, identify a problem or concern in your state, community, or organization that has the capacity for advocacy through legislation. Research the issue and use the “Advocacy Through Legislation” template to complete this assignment.

You are required to cite to a minimum of three sources to complete this assignment. Sources must be published within the last 5 years and appropriate for the assignment criteria and relevant to nursing practice. 

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. 

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.