Comment 1

Linear correlation is a measure of dependence between two random variables. A linear correlation tells the strength of the relationship between the two variables. The results of the linear correlation analysis may be a positive correlation, a negative correlation, or no correlation. The conclusion of cigarettes cause the pulse rate to increase is not valid. The linear correlation does not give the results of the relationship between the two variables.  Correlation does not  imply causation in this sample. In a causal relationship the variables have an effect on each other and increases when one another do. In this study the only variables shown are smoking and heart rate. It shows no other variables to
consider such as gender, age, any health factors, or brands of cigarettes. Health factors along with other considerations may cause an increase in the pulse rate by itself. This sample does not give any indications of linear correlation between the two variables. There is no evidence in the statement “cigarettes cause the pulse rate to increase” to make it true without more evidence of both variables. Further research must be performed for the statement to valid. The research should include age, gender, health factors, and brands of cigarettes.

Comment 2

It seems like that the conclusion “Cigarettes cause the pulse rate to increase” is just not taking into consideration other variables and the heart rate can only increase so much. At that point, it would not matter how many more cigarettes a person smoked, the heart rate would not increase at the same rate. The linear correlation would change as the persons heart rate increases and the more cigarettes they smoked. The change in heart rate between the first and second cigarette will not be the same as the change in heart rate between the ninth and tenth cigarette. Identifying the associations between variables is the goal for correlational analyses. If the hypothesis is “Is there a relationship between the number of cigarettes smoked and pulse rate?”, then there is more room to talk about the relationship and arrive at a conclusion that yes, there is a relationship between the variables whether it is positive or negative. A better conclusion might be: There was a statistically significant correlation between the number of cigarettes smoked and pulse rate. This statement also needs to be backed up with results from a test like the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient. Then the conclusion would be statistically relevant (Grove & Cipher, 2017).

If you talk about a possible poor health outcome, do you believe that outcome will occur? Do you believe eye contact and personal contact should be avoided?

You would have a difficult time practicing as a nurse if you believed these to be true. But they are very real beliefs in some cultures. 

Differences in cultural beliefs, subcultures, religion, ethnic customs, dietary customs, language, and a host of other factors contribute to the complex environment that surrounds global healthcare issues. Failure to understand and account for these differences can create a gulf between practitioners and the public they serve.

In this Assignment, you will examine a global health issue and consider the approach to this issue by the United States and by one other country.

To Prepare:

• Review the World Health Organization’s (WHO) global health agenda and select one global health issue to focus on for this Assignment.
• Select at least one additional country to compare to the U.S. for this Assignment.
• Reflect on how the global health issue you selected is approached in the U.S. and in the additional country you selected.
• Review and download the Global Health Comparison Matrix provided in the Resources.

The Assignment: (1- to 2-page Global Health Comparison Matrix; 1-page Plan for Social Change)

Part 1: Global Health Comparison Matrix

Focusing on the country you selected and the U.S., complete the Global Health Comparison Matrix. Be sure to address the following:

• Consider the U.S. national/federal health policies that have been adapted for the global health issue you selected from the WHO global health agenda. Compare these policies to the additional country you selected for study.
• Explain the strengths and weaknesses of each policy.
• Explain how the social determinants of health may impact the global health issue you selected. Be specific and provide examples.
• Using the WHO’s Organization’s global health agenda as well as the results of your own research, analyze how each country’s government addresses cost, quality, and access to the global health issue selected. 
• Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the health of the global population. Be specific and provide examples.
• Explain how the health policy you selected might impact the role of the nurse in each country.
• Explain how global health issues impact local healthcare organizations and policies in both countries. Be specific and provide examples.

Part 2: A Plan for Social Change

Reflect on the global health policy comparison and analysis you conducted in Part 1 of the Assignment and the impact that global health issues may have on the world, the U.S., your community, as well as your practice as a nurse leader. 

In a 1-page response, create a plan for social change that incorporates a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader. 

• Explain how you would advocate for the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice and role as a nurse leader. 
• Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens might impact your local practice and role as a nurse leader. 
• Explain how the incorporation of a global perspective or lens into your local practice as a nurse leader represents and contributes to social change. Be specific and provide examples.

 

Write a paper (2,000-2,500 words) in which you apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease. Refer to “Communicable Disease Chain,” “Chain of Infection,” and the CDC website for assistance when completing this assignment.

Communicable Disease Selection

1. Chickenpox
2. Tuberculosis
3. Influenza
4. Mononucleosis
5. Hepatitis B
6. HIV
7. Ebola
8. Measles
9. Polio
10. Influenza

Epidemiology Paper Requirements

1. Describe the chosen communicable disease, including causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment, and the demographic of interest (mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence). Is this a reportable disease? If so, provide details about reporting time, whom to report to, etc.
2. Describe the social determinants of health and explain how those factors contribute to the development of this disease.
3. Discuss the epidemiologic triangle as it relates to the communicable disease you have selected. Include the host factors, agent factors (presence or absence), and environmental factors. Are there any special considerations or notifications for the community, schools, or general population?
4. Explain the role of the community health nurse (case finding, reporting, data collection, data analysis, and follow-up) and why demographic data are necessary to the health of the community.
5. Identify at least one national agency or organization that addresses the communicable disease chosen and describe how the organizations contribute to resolving or reducing the impact of disease.
6. Discuss a global implication of the disease. How is this addressed in other countries or cultures? Is this disease endemic to a particular area? Provide an example.

A minimum of three peer-reviewed or professional references is required.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide,

  

1-Many nurses would probably be surprised at the rates of STD in the elderly population. Sometimes the infection is newly acquired or it could be residual from a prior infection (such as Herpes outbreaks). Ageist attitudes can cause people to think elders are not sexually active, resulting in a failure to recognize their symptoms of STD or give proper patient education.

  

2-A clinician’s knowledge of an elderly patient’s everyday concerns, social circumstances, mental function, emotional state, and sense of well-being helps orient and guide the interview. Asking patients to describe a typical day elicits information about their quality of life and mental and physical function (Brink, 2014). This approach is especially useful during the first meeting. Patients should be given time to speak about things of personal importance. Clinicians should also ask whether patients have specific concerns, such as fear of falling. The resulting rapport can help the clinician communicate better with patients and their family members (Brink, 2014). A mental status examination may be necessary early in the interview to determine the patient’s reliability; this examination should be conducted tactfully so that the patient does not become embarrassed, offended, or defensive (Brink, 2014). Routine screening for physical and psychologic disorders should be done annually, beginning at age 70.

  

3-Disorders that are common among the elderly are frequently missed, or the diagnosis is delayed. Clinicians should use the history, physical examination, and simple laboratory tests to actively screen elderly patients for disorders that occur only or commonly in the elderly; when diagnosed early, these disorders can often be more easily treated (Brink, 2014). Early diagnosis frequently depends on the clinician’s familiarity with the patient’s behavior and history, including mental status. Commonly, the first signs of a physical disorder are mental or emotional. If clinicians are unaware of this possibility and attribute these signs to dementia, diagnosis and treatment can be delayed (Brink, 2014).

  

4-I found myself doing the same thing working on the oncology unit. I would float to the floor as an agency nurse and would automatically get depressed in the report. Hearing all of those sad stories of the young patients and their prognosis. Just to see these young people dying with babies at home, it did something to me. I told my staffing agency to please remove it from my profile. I didn’t care if I was to go hungry, I couldn’t do it. I still cry when I hear a grieving child crying at their mother bedside. It does something to me.

 5-my family had a similar situation to yours. I think it happens to many people. No matter how much they would love to just drop everything and fulfill the wishes of their dying loved one, it’s just not possible. There are still the children to take care of and job obligations. Knowing this helps us to encourage our patient’s family that there are many other ways they can continue to show their love to a dying relative. 

  

6-Thank you for sharing your personal experience with your Grandpa. I can imagine how difficult it must have been for you and your family. I can understand how your mom would have been far too stressed with her grieving process of her partner and then to prepare to go through it all again too soon would have been hard.  I think as families, we do the best we can and hope for the best. As nurses, we have to understand that some families just can’t drop their lives to be at the bedside. It’s not that they don’t care or love the person, it’s just life. 

  

Assignment 1: Applying Current Literature to Clinical Practice

Psychiatric mental health nursing practice is one of the newest disciplines to be licensed to provide psychotherapy As such, the majority of psychotherapy research is centered on other disciplines such as psychology, social work, marriage/family therapy, art therapy, psychiatry, and mental health counseling. This makes it essential for you to be able to translate current literature from other disciplines into your own clinical practice. For this Assignment, you practice this skill by examining literature on group work and group therapy and considering its applicability to your own clients.

Learning Objectives

Students will:

· Evaluate the application of current literature to clinical practice

To prepare:

· Review this week’s Learning Resources and reflect on the insights they provide on group work and group therapy.

· Select one of the articles from the Learning Resources to evaluate for this Assignment. (See attached file)

Note: In nursing practice, it is not uncommon to review current literature and share findings with your colleagues. Approach this Assignment as though you were presenting the information to your colleagues.

(A clear purpose statement (The purpose of this paper is to…) is required in the introduction of all writings)

The Assignment

In a 5- to 10-slide PowerPoint presentation, address the following:

· Provide an overview of the article you selected, including answers to the following questions:

o What type of group was discussed?

o Who were the participants in the group? Why were they selected?

o What was the setting of the group?

o How often did the group meet?

o What was the duration of the group therapy?

o What curative factors might be important for this group and why?

o What “exclusion criteria” did the authors mention?

· Explain the findings/outcomes of the study in the article. Include whether this will translate into practice with your own client groups. If so, how? If not, why?

· Explain whether the limitations of the study might impact your ability to use the findings/outcomes presented in the article.

Note: The presentation should be 6–10 slides, not including the title and reference slides. Include presenter notes (no more than a half page per slide) and use tables and/or diagrams where appropriate. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from the article you selected. Support your presentation with evidence-based literature.