Response Post #1

Culture is defined as customary beliefs, social forms, and material traits of a racial, religious, or social group (Webster, 2019). Competence suggests having the capacity to function effectively as an individual and an organization within the context of cultural beliefs, behaviors, and needs presented by consumers and their communities (CDC, 2015). In healthcare, it is very important to be aware of different culture backgrounds. It helps with not only being able to communicate effectively but also knowing what diseases, sickness, etc. that the person is at greatest risk for. For example, in the treatment of depression, compared with white Americans, black and Latino patients are actually less likely to receive treatment (Ball et al., 2019).

The patient I was given is a 14 year old biracial male living with his grandmother in a high-density public housing complex. For the purpose of obtain a health history with this particular patient it is important to consider everything about this patient. The patients age, sex, ethnicity, living conditions, etc. will all need to be taken into account. This particular age group are reluctant to talk and have a definite need for confidentiality (Ball et al., 2019). It is important that adolescent patients be given the opportunity to speak to you privately about concerns or issues that they may have (Ball et al., 2019). It is meaningful that you let the patient know the limits of confidentiality and that if any information provided suggests that an adolescence safety or others safety may be at risk, that its grounds to “break” confidentiality (Ball et al., 2019). Prior to the office visit, there a previsit questionnaires and screeners that the patient can fill out and this sometimes helps allow the patient to write down concerns or have a choice of concerns (Ball et al., 2019). Then based off the answers, it can help you ask appropriate questions during the interviewing process.

Based off of the patients age, ethnicity, and living conditions I would use the HEEADSSS screening tool. This screening tool assess the home environment, education/employment, eating, activities, drugs, sexuality, suicide/depression, and safety from injury and violence (Ball et al., 2019). Questions that can be asked needs to be open ended questions such as …

Tell me about where you live?

How are you liking school?

What do you like to do, any activities in school or out of school?

Do you ever hang out with your friends outside of school? What do you like to do? Are you ever in situations that make you uncomfortable? Have you ever tried drugs or alcohol?

In order to assess for suicide/depression, there are screening tools. The screening questions may include asking about sleep disorders, appetite/eating behavior change, feelings of “boredom”, emotional outbursts and highly impulsive behavior, hopeless/helpless feeling, history of family with depression or suicide, suicidal ideation, history of psychosocial/emotional trauma, or those who are gay, lesbian, bisexual, or transgender youth (BCC Hospital, 2019).

Response Post # 2

Diversity and Health Assessments

The human behavior, ideas, attitudes reflect the manner of cultural competency of different patients. These behaviors are their culture, which affects their belief in their treatments. The socioeconomic, spiritual, lifestyle and other cultural factors are changed to one group or a subgroup of the individual, in which the patient-centered care and cultural competence have an overlapping concept (Ball et al., 2019). Poverty and inadequate education disproportionately affect various cultural groups which they have higher rates of dying from an illness compared to those that are educated and economically advantageous. The mode of communication of an individual has a different meaning for different people, which include the use of speech, body language, and space (Ball et al., 2019). An example is a Spanish meet with eye contact in the conversation, Asians, middle eastern cultures may be rude or immodest, and Americans may let the eye wander and say understanding of the communications.

The respect model is an essential consideration in the effectiveness of cross-cultural communication, whether it is verbal, non-verbal, or written. The example of a patient-centered communication on a patient who is a 40-year-old black male recent immigrant from Africa without health insurance is to connect on a social level. The practitioner will verbally acknowledge and legitimatize the patient’s feelings, which reassures the availability of help for them. The practitioner can give particular emphasis to the patient working together to address health problems, especially to resolve health insurance issues for the patient. The practitioner can provide explanations clearly by often checking for understanding. It is essential to respect the patient cultural beliefs, for this is one way of establishing the trust of working to the patient.

In asking questions to the patient, it should have a conceptual structure on evidenced-based guidelines. One of the techniques when asking the issue is the PICO (problem, intervention, comparison, and outcome) acronym. The practitioner can begin to ask what their clinical issues are? How long does their illness going on? What is their previous intervention or exposure related to the disease? Is there any difference in their condition when they take the previous treatments: What is the aggravating factor that causes the problem? These questions can answer the history of the present illness of the patient. The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) makes recommendations about clinical preventive services such as screenings, counseling, and preventive medications. The practitioners make their clinical decisions and recommendations based on the excellent quality of scientific pieces of evidence. However, evidence alone is never meant to replace experience and intuition (Dains Baumann, & Scheibel, 2019). The task force also makes its recommendations on benefits based on matrix and grades. So, the practitioner can make their decision to help the patient based on the grading system, and certainty of benefit depends on their assessments to the patient.

The diversity in healthcare is to ensure the best possible care adequately provides all backgrounds, beliefs, ethnicities, and perspectives to a patient with a variety of healthcare providers. An example of this is the case of asthma in the United States that ethnicities share a disproportionate burden of the disease. According to Melton, Graff, Homes, Brown, & Bailey, 2014) that there are disparities result of activities (work & school) among African-American because of a variety of factors which include communication of patient and provider and literacy to healthcare. An individual with higher educational attainment has a higher understanding of their health status. Their culture influences their beliefs to take the medication which African-American have a fear of making the ICS and less knowledge about asthma that they will develop a decreased tolerance of the drug (Melton, Graff, Homes, Brown, & Bailey, 2014).

The social history and family history of the patient are essential to assess to determine the support system available to the patient. The practitioner can ask the patient if he is married, where is his family member; and what is the family member’s status in life (If they are healthy or suffering also from illnesses). For example, if the patient has asthma, then the practitioner can ask if he is a smoker and drinks alcohol that may aggravate the disease. If he has any allergies that may trigger the illness. However, requesting a complicated social history can also be performed by a social worker that the patient can get a benefit or support from different agencies. The practitioner can treat the medical condition of the patient in which a medication can be prescribed; the drug can be adjusted; an additional medication can be prescribed to prevent the exacerbation of the disease. Lastly, the own patient understanding of the treatment is essential to assess to ensure compliance with the procedure. The practitioner can ask the patient by their knowledge of the treatment.

Write a Respond to two of these #1&2 case studies using one or more of the following approaches:

• Share additional interview and communication techniques that could be effective with your colleague’s selected patient.
• Suggest additional health-related risks that might be considered.
• Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.
• Each must have at least 2 references no more than 5 years old using APA Format  

Look up https://www.aetna.com/about-us/aetna-values.html, become familiar with its mission and vision statement and how their strategies enhance and support the organization. Do the strategies support their mission and vision? How does the health organization use delivery strategies and support strategies to add value to the organization?

Requirements: 1 page, 2 paragraphs APA format. 

Week 3 Discussion

For this assignment, you will review the latest evidence-based guidelines as they pertain to the case below. Please make sure you are using scholarly references and they should not be older than 5 years. The posts/references must be in APA format.  

Case:

Karen, is a 33 year-old G2P2, with a medical history of migraines, for which she takes Imitrex when needed. She has a history of heavy and painful menses each month, lasting approximately 7-8 days. Karen smokes ½ pack of cigarettes per day. Her father has a history of DVT and cardiac disease. Her mother has a history of cervical cancer. Her blood pressure today is 138/76 and her pelvic exam is normal. She is divorced and is sexually active with her new boyfriend. She is currently using condoms for birth control and wants something more reliable. Karen does not desire pregnancy in the near future.

• Discuss the contraceptive methods using the latest      evidence-based guidelines that Karen would be medically eligible      for. 
• Identify one method that you feel would be most      beneficial to Karen and discuss why you selected it.
• Are there any methods that you would not recommend      for Karen? Why?

need prove in turnitin

Psychiatric Care and Mental Health in the Community

Read chapter 24 of the class textbook and review the attached PowerPoint presentation.  Once done answer the following questions;

1. Explain and give some examples of the concepts of community mental health and discuss the importance of community mental health promotion in special populations.
2. Describe the biological, social, and political factors associated with mental illness. 
3. Describe different types of evidence-based treatment for mental disorders, including the use of psychotropic medication management, community case management, and crisis intervention.  Give at least one example
4. Describe the role of mental health nurses in the community.

INSTRUCTIONS:

As stated in the syllabus present your assignment in an APA format word document, Arial 12 font attached to the forum in the discussion tab of the blackboard titled “Week 14 discussion questions” and the SafeAssign exercise in the assignment tab of the blackboard(which is mandatory).  A minimum of 3 evidence-based references besides the class textbook no older than 5 years must be used and quoted according to APA guidelines.  You must post two replies to any of your peers sustained with the proper references no older than 5 years in two different days to verify attendance and as well make sure the references are properly quoted and mention to whom you are replying to.  The reply is a comment to your peer, not an extension of what you posted in your assignment.  What I mean is that you can’t post in your replies the same that you posted in your assignment.   A minimum of 800 words is required.  Please make sure to follow the instructions as given and use either spell-check or Grammarly before you post your assignment.  I will also pay close attention to spelling and/or grammar.  Please review the rubric attached to the lecture.  You must present the assignment according to how it is posted, answering the questions by number and essay-style assignments will not be accepted unless otherwise specified.  I’ve been grading a lot of assignments with quite a few spelling/grammar errors.  As a BSN student, you should be able to present an assignment according to APA and without errors.  This reflects our University.

We are entering week 14 of our course which means we are entering the final curve and your performance in the class will influence your grade. As a student’s close graduation perhaps planning to continue graduate studies it is very important that you follow the instructions as given.

Please check your assignment after the week is due because I either made comments or ask for clarification in some statements.