A disaster is a sudden calamity that occurs in an environment and causes huge destruction and loss (Falkner, 2018). The cause of a disaster can be natural or man-made. Either ways the impact of disasters can last a lifetime, and these includes the spiritual, physical and mental health aspects of victims and their family. Public health nurses must learn to assess and identify the strength and weakness of coping mechanism of victims experiencing or suffering from impact of a disaster. During assessment it is important to acknowledge the need for spiritual support, notify the family and victim that arrangement can always be made for a chaplain to visit, comfort and pray with the victims as required and requested (Falkner, 2018). Cultural diversities need to be acknowledged too because people express their pain and grieve differently. Nurses should take time to be there to listen to victims because sometimes they just need a listening ear and someone by them, since they might not have the opportunity to a support system.

When a disaster occurs lives are lost, businesses and infrastructure are lost putting individuals in a long-lasting grieving process, some people lost their homes and jobs making them jobless, poverty makes them to become homeless. This affects the individual’s the ability to care for themselves talk less of their family responsibilities. These are devastating attributes that make victims vulnerable to mental impairments and affects wellbeing of individuals. In such times nurses must spiritually support each other and public by providing and advocating for spiritual care. Evidence have shown that spiritual care may serve as a coping resource, enhance pain management, reduce risk of depression, reduce the risk of substance abuse and suicide (Elk, hall, DeGregory, Graham, Hughes, 2017).

It is very important for nurses to be verse with spiritual care to provide quality care in case of disasters. The spiritual care can be provided by screening the victim’s religious to identify spiritual preferences, support and respect the victim’s religion, provide individualized patient care, refer patients to chaplain and churches around the community is a good resource for victims in need of emotional and mental disabilities from a disaster (Elk et al, 2017).

Respond using 200-300 words APA format with references to support this discussion.

What spiritual considerations surrounding a disaster can arise for individuals, communities, and health care providers? Explain your answer in the context of a natural or manmade disaster. How can a community health nurse assist in the spiritual care of the individual, community, self, and colleagues? 

4-The mode, median and mean tell us something about a set of observations. The mode is the only measure of center appropriate for nominal data. For example, if we were looking at the most frequently purchased food item in a certain snack bar in 1999, it make sense to say that the most frequent (modal) food purchased was mini chocolate.  The median is at the middle of an ordered data set and is a useful measure for ordinal variables, while the mean only makes sense for interval and ratio scales of measurement

5-A populationis is a set of persons or objects that has a common observable characteristics and a complete set of items that share at least one property in common that is the subject of a statistical analysis. An example is the people in certain locality that share a common geographic origin, language, literature, and genetic heritage, among other traits, that distinguish them from people of different nationalities.

6-The mean is the summary of an entire population.  Sometimes it is called the average.  It isn’t a particular individual, but rather the entire population (University, 2013).  The mean could be used to determine the average age of a population.  If you add all the ages of all the people in the population and divide by the number of individuals, it would give you the mean.  This is the “summary” of the population. The median is more centralized and would be used to explain what a “typical, normal, or average” member of the population is (University, 2013).  You could use the median to again find the median age.  This is slightly different than the mean in the way that there is only 1 answer.  The median is the middle of the data set (University, 2013), meaning it may be slightly higher or lower than the mean.  Sometimes outliers will skew the numbers, but it isn’t affected as much as the mean would be. The mode is used to calculate the number that appears the most in a set of numbers.  Going along with the ages of the individuals, we would write out all ages of the individuals in the community.  If the age of 60 showed up 18 times and was the highest amount of all the numbers, the mode would be 60.  The mode is not used very often because it is not a measure of the centre of the data in the same way that the median and mean can be.

Reference

University of Wollongong. (2013, August 12). Appropriate use of mean, median and mode.  Retrieved from http://www.uow.edu.au/student/qualities/statlit/module2/3.2mmm/UOW153116.html

4-The Collaborative Patient Care Management Model, which is a multi-disciplinary and a population-based case management model, was first introduced in the year 2006. The prime objective of the model was to target such patients, which could be classified as high-cost and high-risk. The nurses not only manage these patients but also play a vital in the development of inter-disciplinary care plan (Kimball, Joynt, Cherner, & O’Neil, 2007). The model allows to develop a highly potent care plan, which has 1) greater potential to produce the desired results, and 2) the ability to reduce the overall cost of the care to be provided without compromising on its quality.

Reference

Kimball, B., Joynt, J., Cherner, D., & O’Neil, E. (2007). The Quest for New Innovative. Journal of Nursing Administration, 37(9), 392-398.

5-Thank you for sharing your post.  I agree that the ACO’s are beneficial in helping to streamline healthcare.  I have enjoyed the creation of the EMR as it allows other doctors within the same health organization access to my record so they know what it going on with me and I do not have to remember all the details.  This can be important especially in the older population as many forget to write things down.  Providing coordinated care helps to ensure that patients are receiving the right care.  Continuity of care is important to patients as well because they do not want to repeat everything that is going on with them when it has already been asked.  I find that many patients want the same nurse back if they are going to be there for several shifts in a row as they can build a short term relationship with them.

6-Accountable Care Organizations (ACO) is a network of doctors, hospitals, care providers home care and long-term care agencies, physician group practices, and other health care entities, such as medical homes, that come together to form a network to coordinate Medicare patient care. They share financial and medical responsibility for providing coordinated care to patients in hopes of limiting unnecessary spending. ACO are beneficial to both providers and patients. Providers become eligible for bonuses if they keep their patient’s healthy, while also meeting quality targets keep a portion of the savings. Patient’s benefit from having their care coordinated instead of getting each part of their health care separately. This reduces hospital stays, emergency room visits and expensive specialist and testing services that may be repeated by multiple healthcare providers. To protect patients ACOs must meet a long list of quality measures to ensure they are not saving money by stinting on necessary care. And if a patient is unsatisfied with there ACO they can see doctors of their choice outside the network without paying more and decline to have their information shared with the ACO (KaiserHealthnews.2015).

Reference

Kaiser Health News.(2015). Accountable Care Organizations, Explained. Retrieved from https://khn.org/news/aco-accountable-care-organization-faq/

1. Read and follow the directions on pages 119 and 120.
2. Conduct an interview with an older family member.
3. Summarize your findings regarding familial and social changes, and your ethnocultural and religious heritage. (Include one example)
4. Your paper should be:
   • One (1) page
   • Typed according to APA style for margins, formating and spacing standards