These estimates include the influence of other extraneous variables, such as confounders. Confounding is often considered a type of bias, but it is a real relationship that requires an adjustment in the study design or analysis. Understanding how to identify confounding is important as most associations have multiple causal factors. Recognizing if a study adjusted for the appropriate confounding variables is important to determine the validity of the association. To assist your proficiency with the concept of confounding, and how it ultimately affects public health, this practice assignment has been provided.

Complete Problems 1 to 4 from the “Multicausality: Confounding – Assignment” by Schoenbach, located in your Topic Materials. Check your answers against the solutions presented in the “Multicausality: Confounding – Assignment Solutions” Topic Material.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

You are not required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite.

1.  Define natural and man-made disaster and mention at least one type of each one in your community.   

2.  Based on the information provided in the response to the question above describe two major disasters in your community and how the concepts of community/public health were applied.  

3.  Define chronic illness and mention three major chronic illnesses in your community.  

4.  Discuss the financial impact of chronic illness in the community and how the cost of managing chronic illnesses can be decreased.

A minimum of 700 words is required

APA format word document, Arial 12 font attached to the forum on the discussion board.  A minimum of 3 evidenced-based references not older than five years

 Fra

  How do you judge Palin’s quote? [“And who will suffer the most when they ration care? The sick, the elderly, and the disabled, of course. The America I know, and love is not one in which my parents or my baby with Down Syndrome will have to stand in front of Obama’s death panel, so his bureaucrats can decide, based on a subjective judgment of their level of productivity in society, whether they are worthy of health care. Such a system is downright evil.] Effective strategy

to oppose Democrats’ plans for health care reform or unethical scaremongering?

       I think her strategy was both unethical and excessive, but it was effective.

 She used false, unsubstantiated statements to affect a key health issue that

would have benefited a lot of patients.  The bill would have allowed Medicare to pay for optional doctor’s visits to discuss living wills and end of life issues with their physicians (Mason, 2016).  As a member of Congress, she and her family are afforded a higher level of health insurance that is effective for life after serving 6 years.  Due to her statements all references to end of life planning were deleted from the bill.

Reflect on what informs your judgment: commitment to advance care planning, analysis of facts, and/or political party loyalties?

     I tend to be loyal to my political party but only if the facts support what I think is right.  I believe we should all be afforded the right to discuss end of life issues and living wills and have it covered by our insurance and not have our families burdened with these decisions on their own.

Is it right for nurses to endorse health reform legislation even if the legislation is not perfect? Does this apply to the recently failed American Health Care Act?

     There is no perfect legislation so there must be some compromise.  I think nurses should endorse legislation if it is for the improvement of health care and in the best interest of the patients and nursing practice.

Nursing Leadership Presence

Nurses are often portrayed in films and television. From Nurse Ratched in One Flew over the Cuckoo’s Nest, to Julia Baker in Julia, and Gaylord “Greg” Focker in Meet the Parents, nurses have been portrayed showing various traits. Some are positive, while others are less than caring. For each, the five elements of emotional intelligence, 1) self-awareness, 2) self-regulation, 3) motivation, 4) empathy, and 5) social skills, are expressed at different levels. Select a nurse archetype portrayed in films or on television and consider the following.

• What features of emotional intelligence does your selected nurse portray? What features are they lacking? Provide an example to support your rationale.
• If you were the nurse’s leader, how would use your change agent characteristics to support that individual’s growth? Provide specific examples using scenarios from the setting from which the nurse is portrayed.
• How does complexity theory or chaos theory influence the organization in which the nurse is portrayed? Provide specific examples to support your rationale.

Instructions:

Use an APA 7 style and a minimum of 250 words. Provide support from a minimum of at least three (3) scholarly sources. The scholarly source needs to be: 1) evidence-based, 2) scholarly in nature, 3) Sources should be no more than five years old (published within the last 5 years), and 4) an in-text citation. citations and references are included when information is summarized/synthesized and/or direct quotes are used, in which APA style standards apply. 

• Textbooks are not considered scholarly sources. 

• Wikipedia, Wikis, .com website or blogs should not be used.

Vaccines are generally considered to be the most successful public health intervention ever devised, and yet there have been opponents of vaccines ever since there have been vaccines.  Many people often spread misinformation about the vaccine, such as the notion that vaccines weaken the immune system and that children can develop autism after getting vaccinated.

1- What is your opinion on the subject?

2- Please provide your input.

APA style, 250 words, 2 references not older than two years.