Module 3 – SLP

DESCRIPTIVE AND ANALYTIC EPIDEMIOLOGY

Descriptive epidemiology is used to evaluate trends in health and disease and to be able to make comparisons among the population and subgroups within countries; and to provide a basis for planning, provision, and evaluation of services.

As a health officer, you have been asked to collect information to characterize and summarize tuberculosis epidemic in your state.

Write a paper in which you do the following:

1. Discuss the pattern and distribution of the disease in the population of your state as well as subgroups within the state.
2. What recommendations would you make to your administrator based on your findings?
3. Describe the basic types of epidemiologic study designs that are used to test hypotheses, identify associations and establish causation.

Be sure you support essay with evidence from the literature.

Length: 2–3 pages, excluding title page and references.

SLP Assignment Expectations

Assessment and Grading: Your paper will be assessed based on the performance assessment rubric that is linked within the course. Review it before you begin working on the assignment.

Your work should also follow these Assignment Expectations.

1. Do you think that the societal norms for men regarding expressing emotion and social support have changed in recent years? Why or why not? If so, how can community health/public health nurses take an advantage of this to help men improve their health?
2. Are there differences in the ways that homosexuality in men and women are viewed by general society in the US? If so, why do you feel that these differences exist? From where or whom do people get their messages about homosexuality or other non-heterosexual lifestyles?

As stated in the syllabus the assignment must be presented in an APA format word document, Arial 12 font attached to the forum on the discussion board.  A minimum of 3 evidenced-based references must be used (excluding the class textbook) and 2 replies to any of your peers sustained with the appropriate references must be posted.  Only the assignment must be attached in a word document in the forum, replies do not.  References must be no older than 5 years.  A minimum of 700 words is required.

The hospice nurse sat with Ann’s husband, Ben. Ann was resting quietly as the increased dosage of IV pain medication gradually reached its therapeutic level. Ben turned his head and slowly turned, looking out the room’s only window. As he glanced up, a small flicker of light caught his breath. It was a shooting star. A tear fell from the corner of his eye and he turned to Ann. The nurse sensed that something significant to Ann and Ben was unfolding. Shuffling to Ann’s bedside, he took her small fragile hand in his. These hands had rocked cradles, burped babies, and groomed the horses she loved to ride. Gently holding her hand, he turned to the nurse. “She would ride like the wind was chasing her.” Looking back to Ann his voice broke; choking back tears “Ann, Ann I saw Jessie…Jessie is calling.” Ben turned “Jessie was our daughter. She died having a baby that was too big. When she died it was a pitch-black night. Cold, so cold, the baby died too, a little boy, named him Abe, Jr. after Jessie’s husband. I took Ann outside so she could cry to God above and there in this dark sky we saw two falling stars…together…just falling. We knew it had to be Jessie and Abe…two angels to light up the night.” Ben turned back as a deep sigh escaped from Ann’s lips. A soft smile remained as she joined Jessie and Abe.

• Based on this case study how would the nurse actualize Parse’s theory of Human Becoming?
• What are characteristics of a human becoming nurse? What are strengths and weaknesses tothis theory of nursing?
• What challenges exist for healthcare institutions to switch to this nursing approach?
• How might Parse’s understanding of transcendence guide the nurse, as Ann’s death became a reality to Ben?
• From the nursing theories we have discussed, what additional theory would you apply to this case study? Develop a plan of care to include both nursing theories (be specific and provide reasons)

The APA formatted paper should include 2 outside references and your book. The essay should be between 1250 and 1500 words in length.

PLEASE RESPOND TO THIS DISCUSSION WITH REFERENCES. 

The rigor associated with research differs between qualitative and quantitative research. In quantitative research a study is rigorous when it is reliable and valid. The researcher must maintain adherence to the procedure during data collection and analysis (Lohfield, 2018). Reliability is the degree to which a research instrument produces consistent results. There are a few different methods to test reliability. Stability reliability is tested using test-retest, where the same concept is is tested with the same instrument over time to see if it yields the same results. Equivalence reliability is tested by inter-rater reliability, which is when two people judge their equvalence, and alternate forms, which is a comparison of two instruments to determine their equivalence. Internal consistency is mainly used with scales as a meausuring concept.  Validity is how accurate an instrument is at measuring what it is trying to measure. There are four types of validity. Face validity is just looking at the instrument to determine if it looks legitamate. Content validity looks to see if the method has all of the main components ncessary to measure whatever is being measured. Construct validity determines whether the instrument measures the theoretical component it is meant to measure. Criterion related validity is used when a score on a test can be used to predict the persons performance in a different situation.

In qualitative research, maintatining trustworthiness is key to a rigorous study. Trustworthiness is the analogous for rigor in qualitative research (Amankwaa, 2016). Trustowrthiness involves establishing credibility, transferability, dependability, and confirmability. the researcher must also have self awareness, because qualitative research involves interpreting findings, and this may be affected by a researchers biases.

To ensure trustworthiness, I think a researcher having a lot of knowledge of themselves and being aware of this when interpreting data would be key to keep their study rigorous. to increase validity, a researcher should make sure they have a very good research tool. To increase reliability, it is best to use a large sample size in the study.

References

Amankwaa, L. (2016). Creating Protocols for Trustworthiness in Qualitative Research . Journal of Cultural Diversity, 23(3), 121-127

Lohfield, L. (2012). Testing the validity of a scenerio based questionnaire to assess the ethical sensitvity of undergraduate medical students. Medical Teacher, 34(8), 635-642.

The Affordable Care Act was signed into law by President Barack Obama in March 2010. Many of the provisions of the law directly affect health care providers. Review the following topic materials:

1. “About the Affordable Care Act”
2. “Health Care Transformation: The Affordable Care Act and More”

What are the most important elements of the Affordable Care Act in relation to community and public health? What is the role of the nurse in implementing this law?