The Quadruple Aim provides broad categories of goals to pursue to maintain and improve healthcare. Within each goal are many issues that, if addressed successfully, may have a positive impact on outcomes. For example, healthcare leaders are being tasked to shift from an emphasis on disease management often provided in an acute care setting to health promotion and disease prevention delivered in primary care settings. Efforts in this area can have significant positive impacts by reducing the need for primary healthcare and by reducing the stress on the healthcare system.

Changes in the industry only serve to stress what has always been true; namely, that the healthcare field has always faced significant challenges, and that goals to improve healthcare will always involve multiple stakeholders. This should not seem surprising given the circumstances. Indeed, when a growing population needs care, there are factors involved such as the demands of providing that care and the rising costs associated with healthcare. Generally, it is not surprising that the field of healthcare is an industry facing multifaceted issues that evolve over time.

· Consider in more detail the healthcare issue/stressor you selected (Big data technology) 

· Identify and review two additional scholarly resources (not included in the Resources for this module) that focus on change strategies implemented by healthcare organizations to address your selected national healthcare issue/stressor (Big data technology)

200-250 words APA 6 format, in-text citation, Please provide a copy of all references used. 

The links to the three mentioned articles are provided below. 

Assignment Details:

For this Discussion Board, please complete the following:

One of the reasons for the rising cost of healthcare in the United States is the cost of prescription drugs. It is a complex problem and poses many ethical dilemmas for which solutions have yet to be implemented. Pharmaceutical companies set the prices for drugs and negotiate the actual payments with insurers. Insurers do not always cover the full cost of the drugs, leaving even insured patients to pay out-of-pocket for their prescription drugs. Pharmaceutical companies spend a lot of money on developing new medications to help people. The price of the medication must cover the upfront costs of drug discovery, development and testing, and manufacturing. It must also include the cost of the clinical trials required for approval by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) before the medication can be sold.

Read the following 3 articles about the high cost of drugs and how the pharmaceutical industry sets prices:

• The Ethics Behind the World’s Most Expensive Medication
• EpiPen Pricing
• Prescription Drug Pricing in America

After reading the articles, answer the following questions:

• What may be legally permitted is not necessarily ethical. What are your concerns from an ethical standpoint about the pricing of prescription drugs and the new therapies based on precision medicine discoveries such as the gene therapy described in the first article?
• Pharmaceutical companies must make a profit to stay in business, be accountable to their investors, and be able to continue developing new medications. However, would you have a personal moral conflict if you worked for a pharmaceutical company and learned that the company was charging a price that was much more than would cover costs of development, manufacture, and a reasonable profit?

https://www.kevinmd.com/blog/2019/06/the-ethics-behind-the-worlds-most-expensive-medication.html

https://arstechnica.com/science/2018/08/fda-approves-generic-version-of-mylans-600-epipens-but-the-price-is-tbd/

https://www.forbes.com/sites/robertpearl/2018/09/24/nostrum/?sh=57a9c9a04fb1

Scenario – Mary Smith has just reported for duty and is reviewing the patients she will have during the evening shift. One of them, Ida Monroe, is on isolation for an infectious disease. Dr. Jerome comes into the nursing station around 9:00 P.M. after making hospital rounds to see his patients. He tells Mary that he noticed that one of his neighbors, Ida Monroe, is a patient, and he would like to review her medical chart. Mary starts to give him the chart and then realizes that Dr. Jerome is not Ida’s physician. Dr. Jerome says not to worry about that since he has taken care of the rest of Ida’s family for years and is sure that Ida will want him to consult on her case. When Mary hesitates to give him the chart, Dr. Jerome says that he will report her to her nursing supervisor. He walks over to pick up the chart.

Instructions:

1. Read the scenario above and then, answer the following questions:
   
   1. Should Mary give Ida’s medical chart to Dr. Jerome? Why or why not?
   2. What should Mary say to Dr. Jerome?
   3. What should Mary do if Dr. Jerome continues to insist on seeing Ida’s chart?
   4. What ethical principles are involved in this case?
   5. What legal regulations are involved in this case?
2. Your paper should be:
   • One (1) page
   • Typed according to APA style for margins, formatting and spacing standards
   • Typed into a Microsoft Word document, save the file, and then upload the file

Initial Post Instructions

For the initial post, respond to one of the following options, and label the beginning of your post indicating either Option 1 or Option 2:

Option 1: The framers of the Constitution were concerned that everyday citizens would not be able to understand or comprehend the makings of our government. They felt that everyday citizens were uninformed and did not care what was going on in our government. Even today we see where citizens are interested in government affairs seemingly only if our country is in turmoil such as unemployment, recessions, civil unrest, etc. Do you agree with this assessment? Are we uninformed? Do we wait till a crisis happens to voice our opinions?

Option 2: Many experts see the media as biased and more like infotainment. In fact, many people have turned to social networks as an outlet for news instead of CBS, NBC, FOX, CNN and other news stations. Do you see this as an issue? Do you see the news as biased or unbiased? Should there be more restrictions on the news stations?

Be sure to make connections between your ideas and conclusions and the research, concepts, terms, and theory we are discussing this week.

Follow-Up Post Instructions

Respond to at least one peer. Further the dialogue by providing more information and clarification. Minimum of 1 scholarly source which can include your textbook or assigned readings or may be from your additional scholarly research.

Writing Requirements

• Minimum of 2 posts (1 initial & 1 follow-up)
• Minimum of 2 sources cited (assigned readings/online lessons and an outside source)
• APA format for in-text citations and list of references

  Textbook: Greenberg, E. S & Page, B. I. (2018). The Struggle for Democracy, 2018 Elections and Updates Edition. (12th ed.). Pearson.

Introduction:

The major assignment in this course is a Professional Nursing Paper focusing on core competencies that are essential for nursing practice. These Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies (NOFNCC) as discussed in Chapter 1 of the textbook* were developed after an extensive review of competency based education, current practice and educational standards, projected healthcare needs, and current literature (Massachusetts Department of Higher Education, 2010). The NOFNCC were designed to ensure the delivery of safe, quality, patient-centered care by nurses with diverse levels of education in all patient care settings (Fater, Weatherford, Ready, Finn & Tangney, 2014).

Paper Focus:

The purpose of this assignment is for NUR 3825 students to research NOFNCC as they relate to a chosen clinical area. Compare and contrast 3 of the NOFNCC as each relates to the responsibilities, opportunities, and expectations of the BSN in the clinical area after the degree is earned.

Requirements:

This paper will evidence student competency in developing and writing a professional nursing paper to include:

• APA format – use 6th APA Style textbook, resources listed under the APA/ Writing Center tab on CANVAS, and others you may find that support your success
• Use of 3rd person for this formal paper, it is not a personal essay
• Correct grammar, punctuation, spelling and syntax as required with APA format
• Appropriate reference citing to avoid plagiarism and maintain academic integrity
• Minimum of 5 current references and may include your textbook
  • References should be from peer-reviewed professional journals,nursing texts, and refereed materials only (online peer-refereed journals are acceptable).  References from printed nursing journals, publications, and books found in the nursing section of Valencia College Library are acceptable.
  • Use of professional nursing databases (CINAHL, Ovid, Science Direct, ProQuest) is expected. Librarian contact information and tutorials are included in CANVAS under the APA/Writing Center module.
  • Internet sources must be professional sources(peer-reviewed nursing journals, government-maintained health websites, etc.) and MUST be properly referenced.
  • Google and Wikipedia are not considered professional research. However, Google Scholar does provide professional resources.
• Paper length of 3-4 pages.  (A three page paper is to be 3 full pages).  No paper is to be longer than 4 pages.  The 3-4 page length does NOT include the REQUIRED title page and reference page(s). So your paper should be 5-7 pages INCLUDING a cover page and reference page.
• Use Times New Roman 12 point font, double space, with 1 inch margins
• Submission of paper as doc or docx file and includes submission label requirements
  • Late submissions will be penalized according to policy.
  • Papers will be graded per rubric online and returned online

References:

Fater, K. H., Weatherford, B., Ready, R. W., Finn, K., & Tangney, B. (2014). Expanding nurse of the future nursing core competencies across the academic-practice transition: A pilot study. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 45(8), 366-372. doi: 10.3928/00220124-20140716-03

Massachusetts Department of Higher Education. (2010). Creativity and connections: Building the framework for the future of nursing education and practice.  Nurse of the Future Nursing Core Competencies. Retrieved from http://www.mass.edu/currentinit/documents/NursingCoreCompetencies.pdf (Links to an external site.)

*A NOFNCC graphic can be found on page 7 of your NUR 3825 L&P textbook.