Hi, the following is the post of another student that i have to reply.  

Male and Female Genitalia Physical Assessment

1. Ovulation refers to the process where the eggs get released from the ovaries in women. Ovulation takes place when the ovarian follicles rupture to release the secondary oocyte ovarian cells. Estrogen levels cause surges in the level of the follicle-stimulating hormones and the luteinizing hormone. The FSH facilitates the maturation of the egg while the luteinizing hormone releases the egg during the ovulation period.
2. The chances of getting pregnant are low, although some women still do get pregnant. There are many factors to assess to determine whether the patient can get a baby. However, age affects women more significantly and affects the ability to get pregnant after menopause (Siegel, Moses, Baldwin & Rodriguez, 2019).
3. The endopelvic fascia is the tissue separating the anterior wall of the vagina from the bladder and urethra.
4. The four bones of the pelvis include the two hip bones, coccyx, and the sacrum (Ball, Dains, Flynn, Solomon & Stewart, 2014)
5. The education will help the mothers learn how to prevent the spread of harmful bacteria from the baby’s’ anus to the genitalia region
6. The signs indicate symptoms of various genitalia conditions, and one of them is sexual abuse due to the bruising and infection due to the foul smell. It is essential o investigate further to determine the cause
7. PMS is a period characterized by mood swings, excessive eating, depression, and fatigue. The symptoms occur due to the fluctuation of hormones in women.
8. The diamond position, the V position, M position, and lateral positions (Ball, Dains, Flynn, Solomon & Stewart, 2014). The positioning will depend on various factors, such as patient comfort, conditions, and preference. Obese women, for example, require a position that will keep tissue from blocking the view of the perineal region
9. He first thing to do is to make sure that the patient is aware of what the examination entails. The patient should also empty her bladder before the examination to reduce discomfort. Telling the patient what one is going to do can help in keeping them relaxed (Ball, Dains, Flynn, Solomon & Stewart, 2014).
10.  Vaginal mucus discharge in a 12-year-old is not something to worry about because the girl is in the puberty stage where there is the onset of menstruation. Probably the girl is about to have her periods
11. The blood-tinged mucus at the newborn is not an unusual thing but a common occurrence after childbirth. The mother should wipe away the discharge as it will disappear with time. The discharge is sometimes referred to as false menses due to the drop in the mother’s estrogen after birth.
12. The additional questions to ask about the discharge include the smell, any color changes, the amount of the discharge, and consistency.

b) stage 1 contains acute endometritis without peritonitis 

stage 2 is with peritonitis

stage 3 comprises of tuboovarian complex

stage 4 is when the tuboovarian abscess ruptures

stage 5 has various etiological agents emulating the acute salpingitis

c) the pelvic examination conducted would reveal tenderness in the ovaries, fallopian tube, cervix, and lower abdomen

1. Men, unlike women, can conceive even at old age. Age in men reduces sperm motility, but the men can still impregnate a young woman. However, there may be a few complications, such as miscarriage or developmental issues in the child (Siegel, Moses, Baldwin & Rodriguez, 2019).
2. The epididymis is the male part that is useful in storage, maturation, and transit of sperms
3. Many of the differentiated genitals start occurring from 8 to 12 weeks. Before that, the fetus’s genitalia is always the same. The males will begin developing into penis, scrotum, and urethra while the female will start developing the vagina, clitoris, labia, and urethra (Simmons & Fitzpatrick, 2019).
4. Advantages

Disadvantages

The circumcision reduces the risk of contracting sexually transmitted infections (STD) and HIV

It may lead to severe complications to the newborn due to the procedure

The risk of developing urinary tract infection reduces

The patient may develop inflammation at the opening of the penis

The risk of cancer in the penis region reduces substantially

The risk of pain and injury to the pain can affect the newborn

1. The growth in the baby is gradually, and each change occurs at its own time. The parent may have to wait a little bit longer for the testicles to appear. In case, the testes do not look after six months; then she should get worried and seek assistance (Simmons & Fitzpatrick, 2019)
2. The first thing is to reduce the anxiety that a child can experience by making them comfortable and making them feel great. The best position for kids is the supine and frog legged position. The room temperature ought to be comfortable to improve relaxation (Ball, Dains, Flynn, Solomon & Stewart, 2014)
3. Erections are not an abnormal occurrence during a physical examination. For patients, however, it may be strange. The nurses should reassure the patients that it is normal.
4. Cremasteric reflex is a reaction caused by stroking the inner male thighs.

References

Ball, J., Dains, J., Flynn, J., Solomon, B., & Stewart, R. (2014). Seidel’s guide to physical

examination. Elsevier – Health Sciences Division

Siegel, M., Moses, S., Baldwin, M., & Rodriguez, M. (2019). A decline in fertility with age: an overlooked and under-addressed topic in women’s health visits. Fertility And Sterility, 112(3), e309. doi: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2019.07.899

Simmons, L., & Fitzpatrick, J. (2019). Female genitalia can evolve more rapidly and divergently than male genitalia. Nature Communications, 10(1). doi: 10.1038/s41467-019-09353-0

Case

Long-Term Care for All

The newly elected governor of a small state in which the elderly comprise 26% of the total population—twice the national average—is eager to fulfill his campaign promise. He had run for office on the slogan “long-term care for all.” The elderly in the state had overwhelmingly voted for him. Now in office about 9 months, his advisors tell him that providing long-term care services for all citizens in the state will be next to impossible because of high demand for the services. The governor, however, remains undeterred. The cornerstone of his proposed policy includes three things: (1) Develop a state-sponsored long-term care insurance plan. The insurance premiums will be income based, and will cost at least 15% less than a midlevel private long-term insurance plan being sold in the state. (2) Make it mandatory for all citizens, old and young, to purchase LTC insurance, either from the state or from a private insurance company. (3) Place restrictions on the use of nursing home and assisted living services in favor of community-based services.

Questions

1.  Give specific reasons why the governor’s policy may not work, pointing out specific problems that would likely arise.

2.  Will the policy work in a large state, everything else being equal? Give reasons.

In a reflection of 450-600 words, explain how you see yourself fitting into the following IOM Future of Nursing recommendations:

1. Recommendation 4: Increase the proportion of nurses with a baccalaureate degree to 80% by 2020.
2. Recommendation 5: Double the number of nurses with a doctorate by 2020.
3. Recommendation 6: Ensure that nurses engage in lifelong learning.

Identify your options in the job market based on your educational level.

1. How will increasing your level of education affect how you compete in the current job market?
2. How will increasing your level of education affect your role in the future of nursing?

While APA format is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. 

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center

 Week 8

Chapters 18-19.

Female Genitalia;male Genitalia.
  Midsagittal view of the female pelvic organs.

Summarize the ovulation cycle and identify the functions of the hormones produced

.

An older woman who has stopped regular menstruation asks whether she can still become pregnant. What is the best response you can give this patient?

What is the name of the tissue that separates the anterior wall of the vagina from the bladder and urethra?

Name the four bones that form the pelvis

why it is important to teach mothers correct perineal care for their newborn infant daughters.

What possibility must you consider if in a child you observe vaginal swelling of the vulvar tissues accompanied by bruising or foul-smelling discharge?

Describe premenstrual syndrome (PMS).   

Identify and explain positions other than the lithotomy in which a pelvic examination can be performed.  

You are about to conduct a pelvic examination on an adolescent girl. What should you take time to do before carrying out the examination?

A 12-year-old girl is experiencing a vaginal mucus discharge. What can you tell this girl to decrease her anxiety?

A new mother is frightened by the appearance of blood-tinged mucus at her newborn daughter’s vaginal entrance. What response can alleviate this woman’s anxiety?

MC is a 28-year-old patient who presents to the urgent care for complaints of abdominal pain and cramping. Today she has noticed a yellow vaginal discharge. 

Her past medical history is noncontributory. She admits to having multiple sexual partners with unprotected intercourse

1-What additional questions regarding her vaginal discharge could you ask at this point?

2- Describe the stages of salpingitis.

3- What physical assessment findings on the vaginal examination and bimanual would you expect to see if the patient has salpingitis?

 Male pelvic organs
A 60-year-old man asks you whether it is still possible for him to become a father. How would you respond to this patient? What effect does aging have on male fertility?

 Which part of the male genitalia is a soft, comma-shaped structure located on the posterolateral and upper aspect of the testis in 90% of males and provides for storage, maturation, and transit of sperm?

Differentiate between the external genitalia for a male and female fetus at both 8 weeks and 12 weeks of gestation.

Summarize the pros and cons of newborn circumcision.

The mother of a newborn you are examining voices concern that one of her son’s testicles has not yet “appeared.” What can you tell this mother to reassure her? 

What is the expected time for final descent of the testes into the scrotal sac? 

Discuss how do you could effectively work with a child to evaluate the testicles.

You are performing a genital examination on a 12-year-old boy who seems noticeably embarrassed and nervous. What communication measures can be included to decrease anxiety and facilitate the examination?

A patient has an erection while you are performing a genital examination. What is the best response to decrease anxiety and embarrassment? 

Describe the cremasteric reflex.