Nur510 2025

reply 1 There various components to the Medicare and Medicaid programs. Three of the major of the Medicare program include Part A, Part B, and Part D. Part A is known as the hospital insurance as it covers inpatient hospital services, hospice care, and home health care among other services (Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services [CMS], 2020). It should be noted that Part A only covers medications that a patient gets while the patient is hospitalized. Part A does not cover the whole length of stay at a skilled nursing facility. Part B covers services that are provided by a doctor (CMS, 2020). The problem with this part of the program, is that people have to pay a premium. Part D covers prescription drugs. There is a coverage gap in Part D which kicks in when a person reaches $4,020 in total drug costs (Austin & Wetle, 2017). I argue that the Social Security program needs to be drastically changed. This program has to be improved as there are many issues associated with it. There is a possibility that the money in this program can run out. Benefits have to be improved for those who need it the most, while those who do not need benefits more than others should have their benefits reduced. There also has to be more done to address the issue of fraud. Reply 2 The major components of Medicare include inpatient/hospital coverage, outpatient coverage, and alternate ways of receiving Medicare. The three components of Medicaid are family care, nursing home care, and personal care. The gap in Medicaid is that its reach has not benefitted some citizens in the states which have not fully embraced its expansion owing to the June 2012 Supreme Court ruling, which indicated that the coverage was optional (Segal et al., 2014). This has let the promise of widening coverage to lower-income families and individuals under the Affordable Care Act not met, leaving many people with no health security. The other gap is that even for patients who are covered, the program does not fully meet the patient costs, and they have to rely on some health insurance. If you can’t afford a policy, you are still not covered adequately. The gaps in Medicare is the limited extent it has on prescription costs, requiring that patients meet some part of the drug costs. So for people with limited income or no income at all, they are exposed. The second one is that it has limited coverage for traveling risks of health. In my view, social Security program is hugely relevant to the American public, need to be expanded as well as beefed up to serve as many as possible. This is because the programs help accord people easy post-retirement life as it gives them income, medical care (Segal et al., 2014). It also gives them a choice when they want to receive benefits and allows eligible non-working spouses to receive benefits. The program should be modified to expand its reach and its services enhanced to make life secure post-retirement.

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Pathophysioly Response #2 2025

Respond to your colleagues and respectfully agree or disagree with your colleague’s assessment and explain your reasoning. In your explanation, include why their explanations make physiological sense or why they do not At least 2 references in each peer responses! Cystic Fibrosis is an autosomal recessive disease that affects chromosome 7 on the DNA helix. The parents of the child with cystic fibrosis are both carriers of the disorder and likely have no symptoms and have no idea they are carriers. The disease is caused by a mutation in cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR). The CFTR regulates the flow of salt and fluids in and out of the cell. The CFTR protein provides instructions for the channel than transports negatively charged particles called chloride ions in and out of the cell and across the tissues. The lack of this channel causes the build-up of thick and sticky mucus because chloride helps with the movement of water across the tissues that assist with thinning the mucus. (CF Genetics: The Basics, 2020) The organs that are affected most frequently are the lungs, digestive organs, pancreas, and reproductive organs. The thick mucus causes frequent lung infections and the cyst in the lungs. The thick mucus blocks the ducts of the pancreas and prevents the transport of digestive enzymes leading to malnutrition. The production of insulin is also affected by the thick mucus and cystic fibrosis patients can develop diabetes-related to this. Males with cystic fibrosis are infertile due to mucus plugging the vas deferens. Female with cystic fibrosis frequently have difficulty during pregnancy (Cystic Fibrosis, 2020). Cystic fibrosis is a recessive disease and both parents must be carries to produce a child who has cystic fibrosis. The chances of two carriers having a child with cystic fibrosis are 25% and the chances that the child will have a 50% chance they are a carrier of the mutation and a 25% chance that the child will not be a carrier or have the disease.  The person with cystic fibrosis has a child with a cystic fibrosis carrier then they have a 50% chance the child will have cystic fibrosis and a 50% chance they will be a carrier (Cystic Fibrosis, n.d.). Cystic fibrosis is common in the Caucasian population with a frequency rate of 1 in 2500-3500 births. African American have a frequency rate of 1-17000 and Asian population have a frequency rate of 1-3100 births (CF Genetics: The Basics, 2020)

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Men’s Health Planning 2025

This discussion will allow you to examine several different preventive guidelines related to men’s health. Please include at least three scholarly sources within your initial post. Topic 1: Colorectal Cancer Screening A 47-year-old man presents to your clinic for a routine physical. He considers himself to be “fairly healthy” and doesn’t routinely go to the doctor. His last physical was five years ago. In reviewing his chart, you see that his BMI is 30, he exercises twice a week at the local gym, and he does not take any medication. Part of your discussion during today’s visit is about screening for colorectal cancers. He did endorse some constipation in the review of systems. He noted an uncle in his family history who was diagnosed at age 54 with colon cancer. You begin to talk about colorectal screening, and the patient interrupts you and tells you that he is only 47 and that he should not have to worry about it until he is 50. What are the recommendations and source(s) for the colorectal cancer screening test? The patient thinks he does not have to worry about “being screened” until age 50. Is he correct? Why or why not? What age would you recommend screening for this patient and why? Does his family history come into play here? What age would you recommend screening for this patient and why? Does his family history come into play here? What are the screening options for this patient, and which would you recommend? Why? Discussion Question Rubric Note: Scholarly resources are defined as evidence-based practice, peer-reviewed journals; textbook (do not rely solely on your textbook as a reference); and National Standard Guidelines. Review assignment instructions, as this will provide any additional requirements that are not specifically listed on the rubric. Discussion Question Rubric – 100 PointsCriteriaExemplary Exceeds ExpectationsAdvanced Meets ExpectationsIntermediate Needs ImprovementNovice InadequateTotal PointsQuality of Initial PostProvides clear examples supported by course content and references. Cites three or more references, using at least one new scholarly resource that was not provided in the course materials. All instruction requirements noted. 40 points Components are accurate and thoroughly represented, with explanations and application of knowledge to include evidence-based practice, ethics, theory, and/or role. Synthesizes course content using course materials and scholarly resources to support importantpoints. Meets all requirements within the discussion instructions. Cites two references. 35 points Components are accurate and mostly represented primarily with definitions and summarization. Ideas may be overstated, with minimal contribution to the subject matter. Minimal application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is present but missing depth and/or development. Is missing one component/requirement of the discussion instructions. Cites one reference, or references do not clearly support content. Most instruction requirements are noted. 31 points Absent application to evidence-based practice, theory, or role development. Synthesis of course content is superficial. Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or inadequate preparation. No references cited. Missing several instruction requirements. Submits post late. 27 points40 Peer Response PostOffers both supportive and alternative viewpoints to the discussion, using two or more scholarly references per peer post. Post provides additional value to the conversation. All instruction requirements noted. 40 points Evidence of further synthesis of course content. Provides clarification and new information or insight related to the content of the peer’s post. Response is supported by course content and a minimum of one scholarly reference per each peer post. All instruction requirements noted. 35 points Lacks clarification or new information. Scholarly reference supports the content in the peer post without adding new information or insight. Missing reference from one peer post. Partially followed instructions regarding number of reply posts. Most instruction requirements are noted. 31 points Post is primarily a summation of peer’s post without further synthesis of course content. Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or inadequate preparation. Did not follow instructions regarding number of reply posts. Missing reference from peer posts. Missing several instruction requirements. Submits post late. 27 points40 Frequency of DistributionInitial post and peer post(s) made on multiple separate days. All instruction requirements noted. 10 points Initial post and peer post(s) made on multiple separate days. 8 points Minimum of two post options (initial and/or peer) made on separate days. 7 points All posts made on same day. Submission demonstrates inadequate preparation. No post submitted. 6 points10Organization Well-organized content with a clear and complex purpose statement and content argument. Writing is concise with a logical flow of ideas 5 points Organized content with an informative purpose statement, supportive content, and summary statement. Argument content is developed with minimal issues in content flow. 4 points Poor organization and flow of ideas distract from content. Narrative is difficult to follow and frequently causes reader to reread work. Purpose statement is noted. 3 points Illogical flow of ideas. Prose rambles. Purpose statement is unclear or missing. Demonstrates incomplete understanding of content and/or inadequate preparation. No purpose statement. Submits assignment late. 2 points5APA, Grammar, and Spelling Correct APA formatting with no errors. The writer correctly identifies reading audience, as demonstrated by appropriate language (avoids jargon and simplifies complex concepts appropriately). Writing is concise, in active voice, and avoids awkward transitions and overuse of conjunctions. There are no spelling, punctuation, or word-usage errors. 5 points Correct and consistent APA formatting of references and cites all references used. No more than two unique APA errors. The writer demonstrates correct usage of formal English language in sentence construction. Variation in sentence structure and word usage promotes readability. There are minimal to no grammar, punctuation, or word-usage errors. 4 points Three to four unique APA formatting errors. The writer occasionally uses awkward sentence construction or overuses/inappropriately uses complex sentence structure. Problems with word usage (evidence of incorrect use of thesaurus) and punctuation persist, often causing some difficulties with grammar. Some words, transitional phrases, and conjunctions are overused. Multiple grammar, punctuation, or word usage errors. 3 points Five or more unique formatting errors or no attempt to format in APA. The writer demonstrates limited understanding of formal written language use; writing is colloquial (conforms to spoken language). The writer struggles with limited vocabulary and has difficulty conveying meaning such that only the broadest, most general messages are presented. Grammar and punctuation are consistently incorrect. Spelling errors are numerous. Submits assignment late. 2 points5 Total Points 100

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Week 1B 2025

Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs ​One of the key roles that an advanced practice nurse assumes is prescribing medications. However, one is required to be prudent as well as deliberate in the decision making to avoid potential prescribing errors. This has been emphasized by Rosenthal and Burchum (2018) that the ability to prescribe medication cannot only be considered as a privilege, but also a burden. This is given to the fact that one is required to take into consideration the ethical and legal implications of prescribing. In light of this, this paper seeks to explore legal as well as ethical implications of prescribing in respects to the scenario assigned, strategies to address disclosure and non-disclosure in respect to the scenario, strategies that can be used to guide decision-making as well as the process of writing prescriptions and minimizing medication errors. Ethical and Legal Implications ​The scenario assigned involves a 5-year old patient who was prescribed a dose suitable for an adult rather than that an appropriate dose for his age. The legal implications of this scenario on the prescriber include civil action, criminal charges as well as a discipline by the medical board.According to Westrick and Jacob (2016), a nurse practitioner can be sued for medical malpractice if the negligence resulted in the injury of the patients. Gross negligence is therefore required to be proven for the practitioner to be charged at the court. Another legal implication from the above scenario isaction from the regulatory board. In such a scenario the board is obligated to investigate the scenario and take action such aseducation if it is established that education can remedy the situation. However, this action is only taken if the board findsthat minimal standards of care were not met in the occurrence of the errors. In case the event was egregious, the board may suspend or revoke the practitioner’s license. Ethical implications of the above scenario include the erosion of the trust by the patients as well as possible harm or injury to the patients. Strategies to Address Disclosure and Nondisclosure Despite the fact that the practitioner strives to offer the highest quality care, unintended consequences still occur. In light of this, one of the strategies to address disclosure and non-disclosure in the scenario above is complying with the State law on disclosing medication error. Nurse practitioners have a legal obligation of reporting medication errors in IllinoisState. For instance, in Illinois, Adverse Health Care Event Reporting Law (410 ILCS 522/10) was passed in 2005 tofacilitate reporting of medication errors such as the wrong dose (Illinois General Assembly, 2020). However, this law is not used to punish the errors reported. The other approach isthe use of ethical imperative to disclose in which Joint Commission Standard RI.2.90 necessitates patients as well as their families not only to be informed about the outcomes of care and treatment but also the unintended outcomes (Kass & Rose, 2016). This standard can, therefore, helps in disclosing the errors to the patient and families in this context in a timely manner. Strategies an Advanced Practice Nurse would use to GuideDecision Making ​One of the strategies I would adopt to guide decision making in the scenario above is the use of ethical principles beneficence and Nonmaleficence. These principles typically denote that healthcare practitioners should do what is best for their patients and do no harm. This would help in making the right decision and understanding the projected risk and benefits that comes with disclosure. This has been emphasized by Shaikh and Cohen (2020) that disclosure of medication error is profound in enhancing patient safety as relevant actions can be taken to prevent or minimize adverse events.The other strategy that I would use is consulting the physicians or other nurse practitioners on how to handle theabove scenario. This can ensure the best interest, which in this case is patient safety are taken into consideration. Notifying the rest of the team would further help in better handling of any negative outcome and reduce mismanagement from occurring. ​Despite the fact that practitioners are frequently faced with the dilemma of whether to disclose or not disclose medication errors, Shaikh and Cohen (2020) recommend that practitioners should always opt for disclosure. This is given that disclosure can help in reducing harm to the patients and enhance safety. In regard to the above scenario, I would disclose the medication error to the parents of the patients to ensure any harm that might have occurred is addressed as well as prevent further adverse events. Process of Writing Prescriptions and Strategies of Minimizing Medication Errors ​In writing prescriptions, Rosenthal and Burchum (2018) recommend that key elements should be included. These elements include the prescriber’s name, license number, contact, DEA number, name of the patient and age, medication name, strength and frequency as well as the number of refills. Some of the strategies that can be used to minimize medication errors include the use of technology such as CPOE, which has been found to reduce medication errors by 50 percent, use of barcode system as well as medication reconciliation (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2018). Conclusion ​From the above discussion, it has been established that medication error is one of the key errors that occur in healthcare. However, it has been deduced that healthcare providers have a legal obligation to disclose medication errors. This is primarily for the purpose of enhancing patients’safety.

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