Literature Review 2025

Literature Review A literature review aims to highlight the current state of knowledge regarding a topic under study. Literature reviews are comprised of secondary sources and as such do not report any new or original experimental work. The main purpose of a literature review is to situate the current study within the body of literature and to provide context for the reader. A literature review is not a summary but a synthesis of the material you have read. In this course the purpose of the literature review is to answer a significant clinical question. Instructions: Your review needs to follow the following criteria: Choose a problem faced by clients in your practice area that you think is important and would like to learn more about. Use your knowledge of PICO to develop a well-build narrow clinical question. For example: In adult patients with total hip replacements (P), how effective is pain medication (I) compared to aerobic stretching (C) in controlling post-operative pain (O)? (the development of the PICO question should not be including in the review). Write a five (5) page literature review on the standing knowledge of the chosen question. Include a minimum of five (5) journal articles, at least three (3) from nursing journals. However, make sure that the (5) journals are the one’s analyzed and synthesized in the results and discussion sections. The body of the review should be made of the following titled sections: Title (introduction), Methods, Results, Discussion, and Conclusion. Provide a specific and concise tentative title for your literature review (You may use the results or at least the variables in the title). Abstract is not required Include a 1-page introduction of your topic (background information), the focus/aim of your review. The introduction should include a statement of the problem, briefly explain the significance of your topic study, and act to introduce the reader to your definitions and background. Must include your main statement (i.e. the purpose of this review is…{PICO Question}). The method section should include sources, databases, keywords, inclusion/exclusion criteria, and other information that establish credibility to your review. The results should summarize the findings of studies that have been conducted on your topic. For each study you should briefly explain its purpose, procedure for data collection and major findings. This is the section where you will discuss the strengths and weaknesses of studies. The discussion should be like a conclusion portion. It serves as a summary of the body of your literature review and should highlight the most important findings. Your analysis should help you to draw conclusions. In this section you would discussion any consensus or disagreement on the topic. It can also include any strengths and weaknesses in general of the research area. If you believe there is more to research, you may include that here. Finally, you will need to conclude. At this point you have put substantial effort into your review. Close this chapter with a summary, major findings and any major recommendation for the profession. In general, your review should show a sense of direction and contain a definite central idea supported with evidence. The writing should be logical, and the ideas should be linked together in a logical sequence. The ideas need to be put together clearly to the writer and to the reader. Please take time to review the rubric so that you are aware of the expectations for the review. Format references and citations using APA guidelines.

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Week 8 Discussion Pharm 2025

Discussion 1: Margaret is a 40-year-old white female in for her annual asses. She states she has been under increased stress in her life for the past few months. She and her husband are currently separated and considering divorce. Her teenaged sons are acting out and she is working extra hours to make ends meet. Secondary to the increased stress she has started smoking again, “about a pack per day” and states “I know that I am not eating right.” Margaret has been on the “pill” for almost 20 years and has always liked the method. She states the she has heard that smoking and taking the pill are not good, and she is worried about that. “I really do not need birth control since I am separated but just in case I probably need something.” She states that she has been in a mutually monogamous relationship (as far as she knows) since her marriage 18 years ago. She denies a new partner since her separation. Menarche was at 11 years, her cycles when on the pill are regular and very light. Her menstrual period should start tomorrow as she just finished her active pills. She denies a personal history of abnormal Pap smears, gynecological issues, hypertension (HTN), or diabetes. She is G2P2002, and her pregnancies were full term and uncomplicated at ages 24 and 26. Family history is significant for both parents with HTN and mom has type 2 diabetes. Her paternal grandfather died at age 64 years from type 2 diabetes, HTN, and coronary artery disease. Her other grandparents died in their late 70s early 80s and she is unaware of any medical issues. Assessment: Margaret’s assessment finds her height 5’5″, weight 172 lb (up 10 lb. from last year), current body mass index (BMI 28.6), and blood pressure (BP) 148/88. Head, eyes, ears, nose, and throat (HEENT) are grossly within normal limits (WNL). No thyromegaly or lymphadenopathy. Heart rate is regular and rhythm is without murmurs, thrills, or rubs. Lungs are clear to auscultation in all lobes. Breasts are without masses, nipple discharge, asymmetry, or lymphadenopathy; self breast examnation techniques and frequency reviewed during examnation. Abdomen is soft, nontender, with no masses or hepatosplenomegaly; bowel sounds present in all four quadrants. Pelvic assessment reveals normal vulva and negative Bartholin’s and Skene’s glands; vagina is pink, rugated, with minimal white nonodorous discharge; cervix is pink, multiparous os. Pap smear collected during speculum examination was normal. Bimanual examination reveals a retoverted, firm, mobile, nonenlarged, nontender uterus with negative cervical motion tenderness; adnexa nontender; and ovaries palpable bilaterally, mobile, without masses. Lower extremities were without edema or varicosities. 1. What options are appropriate for this patient? 2. What contraceptive options are contraindicated? 3. What type of patient education is indicated? 4. Given that she has a normal pelvic exa, does that change would that influence your decision? please use apa style reference and don’t use references older than five years ol.

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Advance Pharm 7 Discussion 2025

When faced with a choice between 2 or more possible answers, using a “STEPS” analysis may be a useful clinical decision making tool. The goal is to provide information for each agent and compare the results to aid in your decision. S: safety – are there any serious drug interactions? Possible serious side effects or adverse drug reactions? T – tolerability – consider any adverse drug effects or side effects that may be concerning to the patient such as: diarrhea, headaches, rash, etc. E – efficacy – is one agent more efficacious than the other for the infection? P – price – does the patient have insurance? will cost inhibit adherence or access to the medication? S – simplicity – which regimen is simpler? Once a day dosing will likely have better adherence rates than three times a day dosing. Also, three days of an antibiotic may be preferable to 7-10 days. Depending on the drug you choose, the frequency and duration will vary. Here’s an example table Drug 1Drug 2SafetyModerate drug interactions  No drug interactions / serious ADRsTolerabilityDiarrheaDiarrhea, headachesEfficacySimilarSimilarPrice/Preference$100/7 days$30/3 daysSimplicity7 days, once daily dosing3 days, BID dosing 1. Which one would you choose and why? 2. Identify the available treatment strategies for CAP in an adult outpatient with comorbidities. Create your own “steps” analysis comparing the use of the available treatment regimens. Be prepared to compare and contrast your ideas with your classmates. Reference: Evaluating the safety and effectiveness of new drugs Post your initial response and respond to one student. Both responses should be a minimum of 150 words each, scholarly written, APA formatted, and referenced. A minimum of 2 references are required (other than your text). Refer to the Grading Rubric for Online Discussion in the Course Resource section.

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PP MAYE 2025

Power Point Presentation: NEUROLOGIC DISORDERS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENT Topics: 1-AUTISM, 2-Meningoencephalitis (VIRAL & BACTERIANA) and 3- Guilliam Barre. Requirements: 1- Definition of EACH TOPIC mentioned ABOVE ( AUTISM, MENINGOENCEPHALITIS, GUILLIAN BARRE) 2- Statics Incidents 3- Mortality Rate 4- Risk Factors 5- Signs and symtpoms 6- Diagnostic Test 7- Treatment 8- One mayor Diagnostic, 2 differential diagnosis with ICD 10. 9- Patient or parents education Education -PLEASE NO PLAGIARISM – 5 SLIDES FOR EACH TOPIC WITH ALL THE REQUIREMENTS ABOVE TOTAL: 15 SLIDES OF CONTENT, PLEASE DO IT CONDENSED. -3 TO 4 REFERENCES NO MORE THAN 5 YEARS OLD -PLEASE FOR OCTOBER 17, NO LATER.

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Professional Advocacy Through Nursing Organizations 2025

Nursing has over 200 professional organizations, special interest groups, and coalitions dedicated to the interest of nursing. For this discussion: Examine a nursing organization to determine the political function of the organization. As we reflect on the state of nursing in our local, state, and national communities, we are able to identify a nursing shortage with the likelihood of continued deficit. Oftentimes, health policy is created and approved without input from nursing, which is one reason nursing organizations, nurse leaders, and nurse educators must work alongside each other to move forward with a deliberate strategic vision (Turale, 2019). I reviewed the Ohio Association of Advanced Practice Nurses (OAAPN) for this assignment. The political goal of the OAAPN is to support APRNs in their quest to provide the best possible care to the patients we serve. As a member, I receive updates on any changes or trends at the state and national level, as well as updates to the legislative activity the organization is working on. Discuss three legislative initiatives supported by the organization. The initiative getting the most attention in our state is House Bill 221, The Enact Better Access, Better Care Act. This is not the first go-round with this bill that looks to expand access to healthcare services by getting rid of Ohio’s Standard Care Arrangement (SCA The Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act is another legislative initiative that the OAAPN supports. This act increases access to care by reducing barriers, allowing APRNs to certify and recertify home health care services for Medicare patients, and expanded covered home care services such as skilled care, respiratory therapy, occupational therapy, and speech therapy. Another initiative we are discussing in our Advanced Practice Provider (APP) council is House Bill 191 which clarifies the scope of practice of Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetists (CRNA) to write orders and moves their practice forward. 3. Define your position on each of the initiatives and whether you agreed with the organization’s position and advocacy platform. HB 221- In Ohio, we practice independently, but still must have a collaboration agreement on file with the Ohio Board of Nursing (OBN) to practice. I am in complete support of the removal of the SCA. APRNs provide competent, compassionate, cost-efficient care, and removing the requirement to have an SCA with a physician will update the law and positively impact health policy. In rural areas of Ohio, often the only available provider is an APRN, and it is often difficult, and costly to find a physician willing to enter an SCA with them. That provides a significant challenge for patients when seeking care. (Peterson, 2017). CARES Act- I am in complete support of this initiative and recognize how impactful it has been in my quest as an APRN seeking home services for my patients. Prior to the CARES act, I would have to rely on my collaborating physician to sign off any home care orders that I placed. This often created a barrier to the timely implementation of needed services. This is one of many factors that negatively impact an APRN’s ability to successfully care for patients on their own panels. HB 191- Nationwide, there has been a growing initiative to allow all APPs to practice at the fullest extent of their license, and Ohio is no different (Poghosyan, 2017). I support this initiative and my APP colleagues in advancing the scope of their practice. The passage of this bill will allow efficient and cost-effective anesthesia care to all individuals, allowing CRNAs to practice in alignment with their education, experience, and APP peers Compose a Tweet that reflects your position on the legislative initiative, remembering the 140-character limit. Be concise. Share your Tweet in the discussion. Join #OhioAPRNs in promoting affordable, accessible quality #healthcare for all Ohioans. Learn more at #OAAPN Please let the house know #NPsRock REFERENCES Peterson M. (2017). Barriers to practice and the impact on health care: A nurse practitioner focus. Journal of the Advanced Practitioner in Oncology , 8 (1), 74–81. Poghosyan, L., Liu, J., & Norful, A. (2017). Nurse practitioners as primary care providers with their own patient panels and organizational structures: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Nursing Studies , 74 , 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2017.05.004 (Links to an external site.) Turale, S. (2019). The contribution of nurses to health policy and advocacy requires leaders to provide training and mentorship. International Nursing Review , 66 (3), 302–304. https://doi.org/10.1111/inr.12550 I NEED A COMMENT FOR THIS DISCUSSION BOARD WITH AT LEAST 2 PARAGRAPHS AND 3 SOURCES NO LATER THAN 5 YEARS.

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