2025 NR 511 Week 4 Midterm Exam Version 1 2 3 5

NR 511 Week 4 Midterm Exam Version 1, 2, 3 & 5 2025

NR 511 Week 4 Midterm Exam Version 1, 2, 3 & 5 Version 1 Question 1: Which of the following is a crucial element of developing a guideline? a. Creating a physician expert panel b. Reviewing the literature with ratings of available evidence c. Conducting an external review of a guideline d. Developing evidence-based tables Question 2: African American patients seem to have a negative reaction to which of the following asthma medications? a. Inhaled corticosteroids b. Long-term beta-agonist bronchodilators c. Leukotriene receptor agonist d. Oral corticosteroid Question 3: Jolene has breast cancer that has been staged as T1, N0, M0. What might this mean? a. The tumor size cannot be evaluated, the cancer has not spread to the lymph nodes, and the distant spread cannot be evaluated. b. The cancer is in situ, it is spreading into the lymph nodes, but the spread otherwise cannot be evaluated. c. The cancer is less than 2 cm in size and has not spread to the lymph nodes or other parts of the body. d. The cancer is about 5 cm in size, nearby lymph nodes cannot be evaluated, and there is no evidence of distant spreading. Question 4: Sondra’s peripheral vestibular disease causes dizziness and vertigo. Which of the following medications will help to decrease edema in the labyrinth of the ear? a. Meclizine b. Diphenhydramine c. Diamox d. Promethazine Question 5: Mandy presents with a cauliflower-like wart that is in her anogenital region. You suspect it was sexually transmitted and document this as a: a. Filiform/digitate wart. b. Dysplastic cervical lesion. c. Condyloma accuminata. d. Koilocytosis. Question 6: Inattention and a sleep-wake cycle disturbance are the hallmark symptoms of? a. Dementia b. Alzheimer’s disease c. Parkinson’s disease d. Delirium Question 7: You have taught Jennifer, age 15, about using a flow meter to assess how to manage her asthma exacerbations. She calls you today because her peak expiratory flow rate is 65%. What would you tell her? a. “Take your short-acting beta-2 agonist, remain quiet, and call back tomorrow.” b. “Use your rescue inhaler, begin the prescription of oral glucocorticoids you have, and call back tomorrow.” c. “Drive to the emergency room (ER) now.” d. “Call 911.” Question 8: A patient is seen in the clinic with hematuria confirmed on microscopic examination. The clinician should inquire about the ingestion of which of these substances that might be the cause of hematuria? a. NSAIDs b. Beets c. Vitamin A d. Red meat Question 9: Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention in a patient with chronic renal failure? a. Fluid restriction b. Hemodialysis 4 days a week c. High-protein diet d. Maintain blood pressure at 120/80 Question 10: Which of the following conditions is associated with cigarette smoking? a. Glaucoma b. Increased sperm quality c. Bladder cancer d. Eczema Question 11: A chronic cough lasts longer than: a. 3 weeks b. 1 month c. 6 months d. 1 year Question 12: The ‘freezing phenomenon’ is a cardinal feature of? a.Parkinson’s disease b. Alzheimer’s disease c. A CVA d. Bell’s palsy Question 13: When administered at the beginning of an attack, oxygen therapy may help this kind of headache? a. Tension b. Migraine c. Cluster d. Stress Question 14: Which ethnic group has the highest lung cancer incidence and mortality rates? a. African American men b. Scandinavian men and women c. Caucasian women d. Asian men Question 15: The most significant precipitating event leading to otitis media with effusion is: a. Pharyngitis b. Allergies c. Viral upper respiratory infection (URI) d. Perforation of the eardrum Question 16: Samuel is going to the dentist for some work and must take endocarditis prophylaxis because of his history of: a. Severe asthma. b. A common valvular lesion. c. Severe hypertension. d. A previous coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). Question 17: A 34-year-old patient was treated for a urinary tract infection (UTI) and has not responded to antibiotic therapy. Which of the following actions should be taken next? a. Send a urine specimen for microscopy looking for fungal colonies. b. Increase the dose of antibiotic. c. Order a cytoscopy. d. Order a different antibiotic. Question 18: Which statement best describes a carotid bruit? a. It is felt with the middle three fingers over the carotid artery. b. A bruit becomes audible when the lumen is narrowed to 1 mm or less. c. A low-pitched bruit is a medical emergency. d. The higher the pitch of the bruit, the higher the degree of stenosis. Question 19: Which statement is true regarding chloasma, the ‘mask of pregnancy’? a. It is caused by a decrease in the melanocyte-stimulating hormone duringpregnancy. b. This condition only occurs on the face. c. Exposure to sunlight will even out the discoloration. d. It is caused by increased levels of estrogen and progesterone. Question 20: Simon presents with alopecia areata with well-circumscribed patches of hair loss on the crown of his head. How do you respond when he asks you the cause? a. “You must be under a lot of stress lately.” b. “It is hereditary. Did your father experience this also?” c. “The cause is unknown, but we suspect it is due to an immunologic mechanism.” d. “We’ll have to do some tests.” Question 21: A blood pressure (BP) of 150/90 is considered: a. Stage 2 hypertension b. Hypertensive c. Normal in healthy older adults d. Acceptable if the patient has DM Question 22: When teaching post MI patients about their NTG tablets, theclinician should stress that the tablets should remain in thelight-resistant bottle in which they are packaged and shouldnot be put in another pill box or remain in areas that are orcould become warm and humid. Once opened, the bottlemust be dated and discarded after how many months? a. 1 month b. 3 months c. 6 months d. As long as the tablets are kept in this special bottle, they will last forever Question 23: Your patient has decided to try to quit smoking with Chantix. You are discussing his quit date, and he will begin taking the medicine tomorrow. When should he plan to quit smoking? a. He should stop smoking today. b. He should stop smoking tomorrow. c. His quit date should be in 1 week. d. He will be ready to quit after the Frst 30 days Question 24: When looking under the microscope to diagnose an intravaginal infection, you see a cluster of small and oval to round shapes. What do you suspect they are? a. Spores c. Pseudohyphae b. Leukocytes d. Epithelial cells Question 25: The hallmark of an absence seizure is: a. No activity at all. b. A blank stare. c. Urine is usually voided involuntarily. d. The attack usually lasts several minutes. Question 26: Which medication used for scabies is safe for children 2 months and older? a. Permethrin cream b. Lindane c. Crotamiton lotion and cream d. Ivermectin Question 27: The clinician is seeing a patient complaining of red eye. The clinician suspects conjunctivitis. The presence of mucopurulent discharge suggests which type of conjunctivitis? a. Viral conjunctivitis b. Keratoconjunctivitis c. Bacterial conjunctivitis d. Allergic conjunctivitis Question 28: Gabby, aged 22, has Bell’s palsy on the right side of her face. Her mouth is distorted, and she is concerned about permanent paralysis and pain. What do you tell her? a. “Most patients have complete recovery in a few weeks to a few months.” b. “Unfortunately, you’ll probably have a small amount of residual damage.” c. “Don’t worry, I’ll take care of everything.” d. “You may have a few more episodes over the course of your lifetime but no permanent damage.” Question 29: How often should drug levels be monitored when a seizure medication has controlled the seizures and the drug level is adequate a. Every 3 months b. Every 6 months c. Annually d. Whenever there is a problem Question 30: Immunizations are an example of which type of prevention? a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary Question 31: The result of the patient’s 24-hour urine for protein was 4.2 g/day. The clinician should take which of the following actions? a. Repeat the test. b. Refer to a nephrologist. c. Measure the serum protein. d. Obtain a blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine. Question 32: Which cranial nerve is afected in a patient with acerebrovascular accident who has difficulty chewing? a. CN V b. CN VII c. CN IX d. CN X Question 33: Which of the following diagnostic tests should be ordered for a patient suspected of having bladder cancer? a. KUB (kidneys, ureter, bladder) x-ray b. Cystoscopy with biopsy c. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) d. Urine tumor marker (NMP22) Question 34: The “B” in the ABCDEs of assessing skin cancer represents: a. Biopsy. b. Best practice. c. Boundary. d. Border irregularity. Question 35: Which statement is true regarding driving and patients with a seizure disorder? a. Once diagnosed with a seizure disorder, patients mustnever drive again. b. After being seizure free for 6 months, patients may drive. c. Each state has diferent laws governing driving forindividuals with a seizure disorder. d. These persons may drive but never alone. Question 36: Which high-density lipoprotein (HDL) level is considered cardioprotective? a. Greater than 30 b. Greater than 40 c. Greater than 50 d. Greater than 60 Question 37: The most common etiologic organism for community-acquired pneumonia is: A. Streptococcus pneumoniae B. Beta hemolytic streptococcus C. Mycoplasma D. Methicillin resistant staphylococcus Question 38: Sandra has palpitations that occur with muscle twitching, paresthesia, and fatigue. What specific diagnostic test might help determine the cause? a. Serum calcium b. Electrocardiogram (ECG) c. Thyroid-stimulating hormone test d. Complete blood cell count Question 39: A patient presents to the clinician with a sore throat, fever of 100.7?F, and tender anterior cervical lymphadenopathy. The clinician suspects strep throat and performs a rapid strep test that is negative. What would the next step be? a. The patient should be instructed to rest and increase fluid intake as the infection is most likely viral and will resolve without antibiotic treatment. b. Because the patient does not have strep throat, the clinician should start broad spectrum antibiotics in order to cover the offending pathogen. c. A throat culture should be performed to confirm the results of the rapid strep test. d. The patient should be treated with antibiotics for strep throat as the rapid strep test is not very sensitive. Question 40: Patients with acute otitis media should be referred to a specialist in which of the following situations? a. Concurrent vertigo or ataxia b. Failed closure of a ruptured tympanic membrane c. If symptoms worsen after 3 or 4 days of treatment d. All of the above Question 41: Which of the following tests is most useful in determining renal function in a patient suspected of chronic renal failure (CRF)? a. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine b. Electrolytes c. Creatinine clearance d. Urinalysis Question 42: Marci has a wart on her hand. She says she heard something about “silver duct tape therapy.” What do you tell her about his? a. It is an old wives’ tale. b. It is used as a last resort. c. Salicylic acid is more effective. d. It is a simple treatment that should be tried first. Question 43: What is the first-line recommended treatment against Group A b-hemolytic streptococci (GABHS), the most common cause of bacterial pharyngitis? a. Penicillin b. Quinolone c. Cephalosporin d. Macrolide Question 44: Which of the following is an example of sensorineural hearing loss? a. Perforation of the tympanic membrane b. Otosclerosis c. Cholesteatoma d. Presbycusis Question 45: Which of the following is “a linear crack extending from the epidermis to the dermis?” a. An ulcer b. A fissure c. Lichenification d. An excoriation Question 46: A 65-year-old man presents to the clinician with complaints of increasing bilateral peripheral vision loss, poor night visio0n, and frequent prescription changes that started 6 months previously. Recently, he has also been seeing halos around lights. The clinician suspects chronic open-angle glaucoma. Which of the following statements is true concerning the diagnosis of chronic open-angle glaucoma? a. The presence of increased intraocular pressure measured by tonometry is definitive for the diagnosis of open-angle glaucoma. b. The clinician can definitively diagnosis open-angle glaucoma based on the subjective complaints of the patient. c. Physical diagnosis relies on goniscopic evaluation of the angle by an ophthalmologist. d. Early diagnosis is essential in order to reverse any damage that has occurred to the optic nerve. Question 47: The majority of HSV-1 and HSV-2 infections are asymptomatic so that only which elevated antibody titer shows evidence of previous infection? a. IgA b. IgE c. IgG d. IgM Question 48: A patient is seen with a sudden onset of ±ank painaccompanied by nausea, vomiting, and diaphoresis. Inaddition to nephrolithiasis, which of the following should beadded to the list of diferential diagnoses? a. Pancreatitis b. Peptic ulcer disease c. Diverticulitis d. All of the above Question 49: Which of the following is abundant in the heart and rapidly rises in the bloodstream in the presence of heart failure, making it a good diagnostic test? a. B-type natriuretic peptide b. C-reactive protein c. Serum albumin d. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate Question 50: You are doing a cerumen extraction and touch the external meatus of your patient’s ear. He winces and starts coughing. What is the name of this reflex? a. Baker phenomenon b. Arnold reflex c. cough reflex d. Tragus reflex Version 2 Question 1: Women are at the highest risk for developing postpartum depression for up to how long after childbirth? 2 weeks 1 month 3 months 6 months Question 2: CPT coding offers the uniformed language used for reporting medical services and procedures performed by physician and nonphysician practitioners. Clinicians are paid based on calculated resource costs that are calculated based on practice components. a. Clinician education loans b. Clinician practice liability and malpractice expense c. Clinician reported cost reduction efforts d. Clinician volume of patients treated Question 3: Janet is a 30-year-old woman who has been recently diagnosed with a herniated disc at the level of L5-S1. She is currently in the emergency room with suspicion of cauda equina compression. Which of the following is a sign or symptom of cauda equina compression? a. Gastrocnemius weakness b. A reduced or absent ankle reflex c. Numbness in the lateral foot d. Paresthesia of the perineum and buttocks Question 4: A 58-year-old woman who had a total abdominal hysterectomy at the age of 45 is diagnosed with atrophic vaginitis. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? a. Conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg/day oral b. Estradiol 7.5 mcg/24 hr vaginal ring c. Medroxyprogesterone 10 mg/day oral d. Conjugated estrogen 0.3 mg + medroxyprogesterone 1.5 mg/day oral Question 5: Which of the following is a specific test for multiple sclerosis (MS)? a. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) b. Computed tomography (CT) scan c. A lumbar puncture d. There is no specific test. Question 6: Most adult poisonings are: a. intentional and self-inflicted. b. accidental. c. caused by someone wishing to do harm to the person. d. not attributed to any reason. Question 7: A 60-year-old man presents with an enlarged scrotum. The clinician uses a penlight to transilluminate the scrotum. In a patient with a hydrocele, what would the clinician expect to find? a. The scrotum will be dark. b. The scrotum will appear light pink or yellow. c. The scrotum will appear milky white. d. The internal structures will be clearly visible. Question 8: Which clinical feature is the first to be affected in increased intracranial pressure (ICP)?What is the normal number for the Glascow Coma Scale? a. 7 b. 9 c. 10 d. 15 Question 9: S presents in the clinic with pain, tenderness, erythema, and swelling of his left great toe. The clinician suspects acute gout. Which of the following should the clinician suspect in the initial test results for this patient? a. Elevated uric acid level b. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) c. Decreased urine pH d. Decreased C-reactive protein (CRP) Question 10: Which solution should be used when irrigating lacerated tissue over a wound on the arm? a. Dilute povidone-iodine solution b. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) c. Saline solution infused with an antibiotic d. Saline irrigation or soapy water Question 11: Which ethical principle reflects respect for all persons and their self-determination? a. Autonomy b. Beneficence c. Justice d. Veracity Question 12: During a digital rectal exam (DRE) on a 75-year-old man, the clinician suspects the patient has prostate cancer. What physical finding should make the clinician suspicious? a. An enlarged rubbery gland b. A hard irregular gland c. A tender gland d. A boggy gland Question 13: How often should the clinician examine the feet of a person with diabetes? a. Once a year b. Every 6 months c. Every 3 months d. Every visit Question 14: Which of the following medications is the treatment of choice for trichomonas? (Points: 2) a. Metranidazole b. Ceftriaxone c. Diflucan d. Doxycycline Question 15: Immunizations are an example of which type of prevention? (Points: 2) a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary Question 16: What is the treatment of choice for a patient diagnosed with testicular cancer? a. Radical orchidectomy b. Lumpectomy c. Radiation implants d. All of the above Question 17: George, aged 59, complains of a flulike illness, including fever, chills, and myalgia after returning from visiting his grandchildren in New England. He reports having discovered a rash or red spot that grew in size on his right leg. What disease are you considering? a. A viral syndromes b. Lyme disease c. Rocky Mountain spotted fever d. Relapsing fever Question 18: A 24-year-old woman presents to the clinic with dysuria, dyspareunia, and a mucopurulent vaginal discharge. Her boyfriend was recently treated for nongonococcal urethritis. What sexually transmitted disease (STD) has she most probably been exposed to? a. Gonorrhea b. Human papillomavirus (HPV) c. Chlamydia d. Trichomonas Question 19: What is usually the first sign or symptom that a patient would present with that would make you suspect herpes zoster? a. A stabbing type of pain on one small area of the body b. A vesicular skin lesion on one side of the body c. A pain that is worse upon awakening d. A lesion on the exterior ear canal Question 20: Which drug commonly prescribed for burns is active against a wide spectrum of microbial pathogens and is the most frequently used agent for partial- and full-thickness thermal injuries? a. Clotrimazole cream (Lotrimen) b. Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) c. Silver nitrate d. Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) Question 21: Which of the following is a role of the advanced practice nurse in palliative cancer care? a. Detecting cancer in asymptomatic patients or those with specific symptoms b. Arranging for follow-up care, including psychosocial and spiritual support c. Identifying and managing complications of care d. All of the above Question 22: Which type of burn injury results in destruction of epidermis with most of the dermis, yet the epidermal cells lining hair follicles and sweat glands remain intact? a. Superficial burns b. Superficial partial-thickness burns c. Deep partial-thickness burns d. Full-thickness burns Question 23: The criteria for diagnosing generalized anxiety disorder in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (text revision) (DSM-IV-TR) state that excessive worry or apprehension must be present more days than not for at least: a. 1 month. b. 3 months. c. 6 months. d. 12 months. Question 24: In the United States, what is the second most common connective tissue disease and the most destructive to the joints? a. Osteoarthritis b. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) c. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) d. Sjogren’s syndrome Question 25: A sunscreen with a sun-protection factor (SPF) of at least what number will block most harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation? a. 4 b. 8 c. 10 d. 15 Question 26: The hallmark of an absence seizure is: a. No activity at all. b. A blank stare. c. Urine is usually voided involuntarily. d. The attack usually lasts several minutes. Question 27: The effectiveness of benzodiazepines in treating anxiety disorders suggests that which of the following neurotransmitters plays a role in anxiety? a. Acetylcholine b. Gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) c. Dopamine d. Serotonin Question 28: Which characteristic of delirium helps to distinguish delirium from dementia? a. Abrupt onset b. Impaired attention c. Affective changes d. Delusions Question 29: A 26-year-old woman is seen with complaints of irregular vaginal bleeding. Which of the following tests should be the first priority? a. Pregnancy test b. Pelvic ultrasound c. Endometrial biopsy d. Platelet count Question 30: The clinician should question the patient with suspected gout about use of which of these medications that may be a risk factor? a. Low-dose aspirin b. Thiazide diuretics c. Ethambutol d. All of the above Question 31: A bulla is: a. A vesicle larger than 1 cm in diameter. b. An elevated solid mass with a hard texture, and the shape and borders can be regular or irregular. c. A superficial elevated lesion filled with purulent fluid. d. Thinning of the skin (epidermis and dermis) that appears white or translucent. Question 32: Sam is a 25-year-old man who has been diagnosed with low back strain based on his history of localized low back pain and muscle spasm along with a normal neurological examination. As the clinician, you explain to Sam that low back pain is a diagnosis of exclusion. Which of the following symptoms would alert the clinician to the more serious finding of a herniated nucleus pulposus or ruptured disc? a. Morning stiffness and limited mobility of the lumbar spine b. Unilateral radicular pain symptoms that extend below the knee and are equal to or greater than the back pain c. Fever, chills, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate d. Pathologic fractures, severe night pain, weight loss, and fatigue Question 33: Which of the following statements is true concerning the musculoskeletal exam? a. The uninvolved side should be examined initially and compared to the involved side. b. The part of the body that is causing the patient pain should be examined first. c. The patient should not be asked to perform active range-of-motion (ROM) exercises whenever possible to avoid causing pain. d. Radiographs should always be obtained prior to examination so as not to cause further injury to the patient. Question 34: The current goal of treatment for a patient with HIV infection is which of the following? a. Viral suppression of HIV to undetectable levels in the peripheral blood b. Compete eradication of the virus c. Encouraging the person to have no contact with uninfected individuals d. Complete abstinence Question 35: Which of the following classes of drugs should be used as first-line therapy for treatment of delirium? a. Benzodiazepines b. Antipsychotics c. Anticonvulsants d. Antidepressants Question 36: After removing a tack from a type 2 diabetic’s heel and evaluating the site for infection, what is the best plan for this patient? a. Suggest she use a heating pad to improve circulation b. Refer to a podiatrist for a foot care treatment plan c. Send her for acupuncture treatments d. All of the above Question 37: Which of the following statements is true concerning the management of the client with a herniated disc? a. Muscle relaxants and narcotics can be used to control moderate pain but should be discontinued after 3 weeks of use. b. An epidural injection is helpful in reducing leg pain that has persisted for at least 3 weeks after the herniation occurred. c. Intolerable pain for more than a 3-month period is an indication for surgical intervention. d. All of the above Question 38: Which patient is more likely to have a cluster headache? a. A female in her reproductive years b. A 40-year-old African American male c. A 55-year-old female who drinks 10 cups of coffee daily d. A 45-year-old male awakened at night Question 39: The main mechanism for avoiding a lawsuit involves: a. Good liability insurance b. A collaborating physician c. Good documentation d. Open communication skills Question 40: A 45-year-old woman is seen in the clinic with complaints of a vaginal discharge. The clinician identifies clue cells on the vaginal smear. Which of the following diagnoses is associated with this finding? a. Trichomonas b. Bacterial vaginosis c. Human papillomavirus (HPV) d. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Question 41: Which of the following laboratory findings should the clinician expect in a patient with untreated Graves’ disease? a. Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) b. Elevated T4 c. Elevated TRH d. All of the above Question 42: A 23-year-old sexually active woman presents for her first Pap smear. Her history includes nulligravida, age at first intercourse 14, and more than 10 sexual partners. Which of the following conditions should the clinician be particularly alert for during her exam? a. Human papillomavirus (HPV) b. Endometrial hyperplasia c. Vagismus d. Polycystic ovarian syndrome Question 43: When may confidentiality be overridden? a. When personal information is available on the computer b. When a clinician needs to share information with a billing company c. When an insurance company wants to know the results of a breast cancer gene test d. When a patient has a communicable disease Question 44: A patient is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which of the following electrocardiogram (ECG) changes should the clinician expect as a manifestation of the disease? a. Sinus bradycardia b. Atrial fibrillation c. Supraventricular tachycardia d. U waves Question 45: The most cost-effective screening test to determine HIV status is which of the following? a. Western Blot b. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) c. Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test d. Viral load Question 46: After 6 months of synthroid therapy, the clinician should expect which of the following in the repeat thyroid studies? a. Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) b. Normal TSH c. Low TSH d. Undetectable TSH Question 47: The vegetarian patient with gout asks the clinician about food that he should avoid. The clinician should advise the patient to avoid which of the following foods? a. Rice b. Carrots c. Spinach d. Potatoes Question 48: A 64-year-old man with type 2 diabetes presents to the clinic with the complaint of “my feet feel like they are on fire.” He has a loss of vibratory sense, +1 Achilles reflex, and a tack embedded in his left heel. Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment? a. Tricyclic antidepressants b. Capsacin cream c. Vitamin B12 injections d. Insulin Question 49 : In the consensus model for Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) regulation, the “C” of LACE represents? a. Commitment b. Consensus c. Certification d. Collaboration Question 50: Which of the following signs or symptoms indicate an inflammatory etiology to musculoskeletal pain? a. Decreased C-reactive protein b. Hyperalbuminemia c. Morning stiffness d. Weight gain Version 3 Question 1: In an outpatient setting, what is the most common reason for a malpractice suit? a. Failure to treat a condition b. Failure to diagnose correctly c. Ordering the wrong medication d. Failure to manage care Question 2: How often should the clinician examine the feet of a person with diabetes? a. Once a year b. Every 6 months c. Every 3 months d. Every visit Question 3: Which drug for Alzheimer’s disease should be administered beginning at the time of diagnosis? a. Cholinesterase inhibitors b. Anxiolytics c. Antidepressants d. Atypical antipsychotics Question 4: Which of the following medications is the treatment of choice for trichomonas? a. Metranidazole b. Ceftriaxone c. Diflucan d. Doxycycline Question 5: Most adult poisonings are: a. intentional and self-inflicted. b. accidental. c. caused by someone wishing to do harm to the person. d. not attributed to any reason. Question 6: A 58-year-old woman presents with a breast mass. Which of the following responses by the clinician would be most appropriate? a. “It is probably just a cyst, because that is the most common breast mass.” b. “We will order a mammogram and ultrasound to help establish a diagnosis.” c. “We will go ahead and schedule you for a biopsy because that is the only way to know for sure.” d. “Because your lump is painful, it is most likely not cancer.” Question 7: Which of the following is a specific test for multiple sclerosis (MS)? a. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) b. Computed tomography (CT) scan c. A lumbar puncture d. There is no specific test. Question 8: After removing a tack from a type 2 diabetic’s heel and evaluating the site for infection, what is the best plan for this patient? a. Suggest she use a heating pad to improve circulation b. Refer to a podiatrist for a foot care treatment plan c. Send her for acupuncture treatments d. All of the above Question 9: Which characteristic of delirium helps to distinguish delirium from dementia? a. Abrupt onset b. Impaired attention c. Affective changes d. Delusions Question 10: Which clinical feature is the first to be affected in increased intracranial pressure (ICP)? a. Decrease in level of consciousness (LOC) b. Headache c. Nausea d. Widening pulse pressure Question 11: Jennifer is an 18-year-old girl who comes to the emergency room after a fall during a soccer game. Jennifer explains that she fell on her left side and kept her arm out straight to break her fall. She has been experiencing severe pain and limited range of motion in her left shoulder. The clinician has diagnosed Jennifer with a dislocated shoulder. Which of the following statements are true concerning shoulder dislocation? a. Posterior dislocations are more common than anterior dislocations. b. There is a risk of neurovascular and neurosensory trauma, so the clinician should check for distal pulses. c. Recurrent dislocations are uncommon and would require a greater force to result in injury. d. Surgery is most commonly the treatment of choice. Question 12: In the consensus model for Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) regulation, the “C” of LACE represents? a. Commitment b. Consensus c. Certification d. Collaboration Question 13: Which of the following signs or symptoms indicate an inflammatory etiology to musculoskeletal pain? a. Decreased C-reactive protein b. Hyperalbuminemia c. Morning stiffness d. Weight gain Question 14: Which of the following statements is true concerning the musculoskeletal exam? a. The uninvolved side should be examined initially and compared to the involved side. b. The part of the body that is causing the patient pain should be examined first. c. The patient should not be asked to perform active range-of-motion (ROM) exercises whenever possible to avoid causing pain. d. Radiographs should always be obtained prior to examination so as not to cause further injury to the patient. Question 15: The clinician sees a patient who is 5 feet tall and weighs 150 pounds. How would the clinician classify this patient? a. Overweight b. Mild obesity c. Moderate obesity d. Morbid obesity Question 16: S presents in the clinic with pain, tenderness, erythema, and swelling of his left great toe. The clinician suspects acute gout. Which of the following should the clinician suspect in the initial test results for this patient? a. Elevated uric acid level b. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) c. Decreased urine pH d. Decreased C-reactive protein (CRP) Question 17: Which of the following statements is true regarding the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome? a. The goal of treatment is to prevent flexion and extension movements of the wrist. b. Splints are used in carpal tunnel syndrome because they allow for free movement of the fingers and thumb while maintaining the wrist in a neutral position. c. Corticosteroid injections are discouraged in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome because of the risks for median nerve damage, scarring, and infection. d. All of the above Question 18: The vegetarian patient with gout asks the clinician about food that he should avoid. The clinician should advise the patient to avoid which of the following foods? a. Rice b. Carrots c. Spinach d. Potatoes Question 19: A 23-year-old sexually active woman presents for her first Pap smear. Her history includes nulligravida, age at first intercourse 14, and more than 10 sexual partners. Which of the following conditions should the clinician be particularly alert for during her exam? a. Human papillomavirus (HPV) b. Endometrial hyperplasia c. Vagismus d. Polycystic ovarian syndrome Question 20: Which patient is more likely to have a cluster headache? a. A female in her reproductive years b. A 40-year-old African American male c. A 55-year-old female who drinks 10 cups of coffee daily d. A 45-year-old male awakened at night Question 21: A sunscreen with a sun-protection factor (SPF) of at least what number will block most harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation? a. 4 b. 8 d c. 10 d. 15 Question 22: Which of the following classes of drugs should be used as first-line therapy for treatment of delirium? a. Benzodiazepines b. Antipsychotics c. Anticonvulsants d. Antidepressants Question 23: What is the treatment of choice for a patient diagnosed with testicular cancer? a. Radical orchidectomy b. Lumpectomy c. Radiation implants d. All of the above Question 24: Sam, aged 65, is started on L-dopa for his Parkinson’s disease (PD). He asks why this is necessary. You tell him: a. “L-dopa is neuroprotective.” b. “The primary goal of therapy is to replace depleted stores of dopamine.” c. “This is the only drug that can provide symptomatic benefit.” d. “This is the initial monotherapy drug.” Question 25: A 60-year-old man presents with an enlarged scrotum. The clinician uses a penlight to transilluminate the scrotum. In a patient with a hydrocele, what would the clinician expect to find? a. The scrotum will be dark. b. The scrotum will appear light pink or yellow. c. The scrotum will appear milky white. d. The internal structures will be clearly visible. Question 26: A 24-year-old woman presents to the clinic with dysuria, dyspareunia, and a mucopurulent vaginal discharge. Her boyfriend was recently treated for nongonococcal urethritis. What sexually transmitted disease (STD) has she most probably been exposed to? a. Gonorrhea b. Human papillomavirus (HPV) c. Chlamydia d. Trichomonas Question 27: A 58-year-old woman who had a total abdominal hysterectomy at the age of 45 is diagnosed with atrophic vaginitis. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? a. Conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg/day oral b. Estradiol 7.5 mcg/24 hr vaginal ring c. Medroxyprogesterone 10 mg/day oral d. Conjugated estrogen 0.3 mg + medroxyprogesterone 1.5 mg/day oral Question 28: When looking under the microscope to diagnose an intravaginal infection, you see a cluster of small and oval to round shapes. What do you suspect they are? a. Spores b. Leukocytes c. Pseudohyphae d. Epithelial cells Question 29: A 22-year-old male is seen in the clinic because he found a hard lump in his testicle when performing testicular self-examination (TSE). Which of the following should be included in the list of differential diagnoses? a. Testicular cancer b. Inguinal hernia c. Varicocele d. All of the above Question 30: The clinician should Question: the patient with suspected gout about use of which of these medications that may be a risk factor? a. Low-dose aspirin b. Thiazide diuretics c. Ethambutol d. All of the above Question 31: What is usually the first sign or symptom that a patient would present with that would make you suspect herpes zoster? a. A stabbing type of pain on one small area of the body b. A vesicular skin lesion on one side of the body c. A pain that is worse upon awakening d. A lesion on the exterior ear canal Question 32: Which ethical principle reflects respect for all persons and their self-determination? a. Autonomy b. Beneficence c. Justice d. Veracity Question 33: Patients with a spontaneous pneumothorax should be counseled that up to what percentage may experience a reoccurrence at some point? a. 10% b. 20% c. 30% d. 50% Question 34: John is a 16-year-old boy who presents to the emergency room after hurting his knee in a football game. He described twisting his knee and then being unable to extend it completely. John tells the clinician that he heard a pop when the injury occurred and has been experiencing localized pain. The clinician suspects a meniscal tear. Which test would be most appropriate to assess for the presence of a meniscal tear? a. Valgus stress test b. McMurray circumduction test c. Lachman test d. Varus stress test Question 35: Which of the following laboratory findings should the clinician expect in a patient with untreated Graves’ disease? a. Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) b. Elevated T4 c. Elevated TRH d. All of the above Question 36: Which drug commonly prescribed for burns is active against a wide spectrum of microbial pathogens and is the most frequently used agent for partial- and full-thickness thermal injuries? a. Clotrimazole cream (Lotrimen) b. Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) c. Silver nitrate d. Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) Question 37: During a digital rectal exam (DRE) on a 75-year-old man, the clinician suspects the patient has prostate cancer. What physical finding should make the clinician suspicious? a. An enlarged rubbery gland b. A hard irregular gland c. A tender gland d. A boggy gland Question 38: Janet is a 30-year-old woman who has been recently diagnosed with a herniated disc at the level of L5-S1. She is currently in the emergency room with suspicion of cauda equina compression. Which of the following is a sign or symptom of cauda equina compression? a. Gastrocnemius weakness b. A reduced or absent ankle reflex c. Numbness in the lateral foot d. Paresthesia of the perineum and buttocks Question 39: The criteria for diagnosing generalized anxiety disorder in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (text revision) (DSM-IV-TR) state that excessive worry or apprehension must be present more days than not for at least: a. 1 month. b. 3 months. c. 6 months. d. 12 months. Question 40: The clinician has instructed Sam, a 25-year-old patient with low back strain, to use NSAIDs to manage his symptoms of pain and discomfort. Which of the following statements would be most appropriate when teaching Sam about the use of NSAIDs to manage his pain? a. You should start with the lowest dose that is effective in managing your pain, because long-term use of NSAIDs can result in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as ulcers and hemorrhage. b. You should start with the lowest dose that is effective in managing your pain in order to avoid developing tolerance to the medication. c. You should take the maximum recommended dose of NSAIDs so that you will not need to take narcotics to control your pain. d. It is important to take NSAIDs on an empty stomach in order to increase absorption. Question 41: A patient is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which of the following electrocardiogram (ECG) changes should the clinician expect as a manifestation of the disease? a. Sinus bradycardia b. Atrial fibrillation c. Supraventricular tachycardia d. U waves Question 42: Sam is a 25-year-old man who has been diagnosed with low back strain based on his history of localized low back pain and muscle spasm along with a normal neurological examination. As the clinician, you explain to Sam that low back pain is a diagnosis of exclusion. Which of the following symptoms would alert the clinician to the more serious finding of a herniated nucleus pulposus or ruptured disc? a. Morning stiffness and limited mobility of the lumbar spine b. Unilateral radicular pain symptoms that extend below the knee and are equal to or greater than the back pain c. Fever, chills, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate d. Pathologic fractures, severe night pain, weight loss, and fatigue Question 43: Which type of burn injury results in destruction of epidermis with most of the dermis, yet the epidermal cells lining hair follicles and sweat glands remain intact? a. Superficial burns b. Superficial partial-thickness burns c. Deep partial-thickness burns d. Full-thickness burns Question 44: Immunizations are an example of which type of prevention? a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary Question 45: If a previously frostbitten area becomes frostbitten again after it has healed, what might occur? a. Permanent tissue damage may occur, resulting in necrosis to that body part. b. The area will be super sensitive. c. The area is prone to a repeat frostbite. d. The area is as susceptible as any other area. Question 46: In the United States, what is the second most common connective tissue disease and the most destructive to the joints? a. Osteoarthritis b. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) c. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) d. Sjogren’s syndrome Question 47: A 26-year-old woman is seen with complaints of irregular vaginal bleeding. Which of the following tests should be the first priority? a. Pregnancy test b. Pelvic ultrasound . c. Endometrial biopsy d. Platelet count Question 48: A 45-year-old woman is seen in the clinic with complaints of a vaginal discharge. The clinician identifies clue cells on the vaginal smear. Which of the following diagnoses is associated with this finding? a. Trichomonas b. Bacterial vaginosis c. Human papillomavirus (HPV) d. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Question 49: Julie, aged 50, has migraine headaches, frequent asthma attacks, coronary artery disease, and hypertension. Which of the following prophylactic medications would you order for her migraines? a. Propranolol b. Timolol c. Ergotamine d. Topiramate Question 50: A 64-year-old man with type 2 diabetes presents to the clinic with the complaint of “my feet feel like they are on fire.” He has a loss of vibratory sense, +1 Achilles reflex, and a tack embedded in his left heel. Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment? a. Tricyclic antidepressants b. Capsacin cream c. Vitamin B12 injections d. Insulin NR 511 Week 4 Midterm Exam Version 5 Question 1: How often should the clinician examine the feet of a person with diabetes? a. Once a year b. Every 6 months c. Every 3 months d. Every visit Question 2: Which drug for Alzheimer’s disease should be administered beginning at the time of diagnosis? a. Cholinesterase inhibitors b. Anxiolytics c. Antidepressants d. Atypical antipsychotics Question 3: Most adult poisonings are: a. intentional and self-inflicted. b. accidental. c. caused by someone wishing to do harm to the person. d. not attributed to any reason. Question 4: A 58-year-old woman presents with a breast mass. Which of the following responses by the clinician would be most appropriate? a. “It is probably just a cyst, because that is the most common breast mass.” b. “We will order a mammogram and ultrasound to help establish a diagnosis.” c. “We will go ahead and schedule you for a biopsy because that is the only way to know for sure.” d. “Because your lump is painful, it is most likely not cancer.” Question 5: Which of the following is a specific test for multiple sclerosis (MS)? a. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) b. Computed tomography (CT) scan c. A lumbar puncture d. There is no specific test. Question 6: After removing a tack from a type 2 diabetic’s heel and evaluating the site for infection, what is the best plan for this patient? a. Suggest she use a heating pad to improve circulation b. Refer to a podiatrist for a foot care treatment plan c. Send her for acupuncture treatments d. All of the above Question 7: Which characteristic of delirium helps to distinguish delirium from dementia? a. Abrupt onset b. Impaired attention c. Affective changes d. Delusions Question 8: Which clinical feature is the first to be affected in increased intracranial pressure (ICP)? a. Decrease in level of consciousness (LOC) b. Headache c. Nausea d. Widening pulse pressure Question 9: Jennifer is an 18-year-old girl who comes to the emergency room after a fall during a soccer game. Jennifer explains that she fell on her left side and kept her arm out straight to break her fall. She has been experiencing severe pain and limited range of motion in her left shoulder. The clinician has diagnosed Jennifer with a dislocated shoulder. Which of the following statements are true concerning shoulder dislocation? a. Posterior dislocations are more common than anterior dislocations. b. There is a risk of neurovascular and neurosensory trauma, so the clinician should check for distal pulses. c. Recurrent dislocations are uncommon and would require a greater force to result in injury. d. Surgery is most commonly the treatment of choice. Question 10: Which of the following signs or symptoms indicate an inflammatory etiology to musculoskeletal pain? a. Decreased C-reactive protein b. Hyperalbuminemia c. Morning stiffness d. Weight gain Question 11: The clinician sees a patient who is 5 feet tall and weighs 150 pounds. How would the clinician classify this patient? a. Overweight b. Mild obesity c. Moderate obesity d. Morbid obesity Question 12: The vegetarian patient with gout asks the clinician about food that he should avoid. The clinician should advise the patient to avoid which of the following foods? a. Rice b. Carrots c. Spinach d. Potatoes Question 13: A 23-year-old sexually active woman presents for her first Pap smear. Her history includes nulligravida, age at first intercourse 14, and more than 10 sexual partners. Which of the following conditions should the clinician be particularly alert for during her exam? a. Human papillomavirus (HPV) b. Endometrial hyperplasia c. Vagismus d. Polycystic ovarian syndrome Question 14: Which of the following classes of drugs should be used as first-line therapy for treatment of delirium? a. Benzodiazepines b. Antipsychotics c. Anticonvulsants d. Antidepressants Question 15: What is the treatment of choice for a patient diagnosed with testicular cancer? a. Radical orchidectomy b. Lumpectomy c. Radiation implants d. All of the above Question 16: A 24-year-old woman presents to the clinic with dysuria, dyspareunia, and a mucopurulent vaginal discharge. Her boyfriend was recently treated for nongonococcal urethritis. What sexually transmitted disease (STD) has she most probably been exposed to? a. Gonorrhea b. Human papillomavirus (HPV) c. Chlamydia d. Trichomonas Question 17: A 58-year-old woman who had a total abdominal hysterectomy at the age of 45 is diagnosed with atrophic vaginitis. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? a. Conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg/day oral b. Estradiol 7.5 mcg/24 hr vaginal ring c. Medroxyprogesterone 10 mg/day oral d. Conjugated estrogen 0.3 mg + medroxyprogesterone 1.5 mg/day oral Question 18: When looking under the microscope to diagnose an intravaginal infection, you see a cluster of small and oval to round shapes. What do you suspect they are? a. Spores b. Leukocytes c. Pseudohyphae d. Epithelial cells Question 19: Patients with a spontaneous pneumothorax should be counseled that up to what percentage may experience a reoccurrence at some point? a. 10% b. 20% c. 30% d. 50% Question 20: John is a 16-year-old boy who presents to the emergency room after hurting his knee in a football game. He described twisting his knee and then being unable to extend it completely. John tells the clinician that he heard a pop when the injury occurred and has been experiencing localized pain. The clinician suspects a meniscal tear. Which test would be most appropriate to assess for the presence of a meniscal tear? a. Valgus stress test b. McMurray circumduction test c. Lachman test d. Varus stress test Question 21: During a digital rectal exam (DRE) on a 75-year-old man, the clinician suspects the patient has prostate cancer. What physical finding should make the clinician suspicious? a. An enlarged rubbery gland b. A hard irregular gland c. A tender gland d. A boggy gland Question 22: Janet is a 30-year-old woman who has been recently diagnosed with a herniated disc at the level of L5-S1. She is currently in the emergency room with suspicion of cauda equina compression. Which of the following is a sign or symptom of cauda equina compression? a. Gastrocnemius weakness b. A reduced or absent ankle reflex c. Numbness in the lateral foot d. Paresthesia of the perineum and buttocks Question 23: The criteria for diagnosing generalized anxiety disorder in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (text revision) (DSM-IV-TR) state that excessive worry or apprehension must be present more days than not for at least: a. 1 month. b. 3 months. c. 6 months. d. 12 months. Question 24: A patient is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which of the following electrocardiogram (ECG) changes should the clinician expect as a manifestation of the disease? a. Sinus bradycardia b. Atrial fibrillation c. Supraventricular tachycardia d. U waves Question 25: Which type of burn injury results in destruction of epidermis with most of the dermis, yet the epidermal cells lining hair follicles and sweat glands remain intact? a. Superficial burns b. Superficial partial-thickness burns c. Deep partial-thickness burns d. Full-thickness burns Question 26: Immunizations are an example of which type of prevention? a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary Question 27: If a previously frostbitten area becomes frostbitten again after it has healed, what might occur? a. Permanent tissue damage may occur, resulting in necrosis to that body part. b. The area will be super sensitive. c. The area is prone to a repeat frostbite. d. The area is as susceptible as any other area. Question 28: A 26-year-old woman is seen with complaints of irregular vaginal bleeding. Which of the following tests should be the first priority? a. Pregnancy test b. Pelvic ultrasound c. Endometrial biopsy d. Platelet count Question 29: Julie, aged 50, has migraine headaches, frequent asthma attacks, coronary artery disease, and hypertension. Which of the following prophylactic medications would you order for her migraines? a. Propranolol c. Ergotamine b. Timolol d. Topiramate Question 30: A 64-year-old man with type 2 diabetes presents to the clinic with the complaint of “my feet feel like they are on fire.” He has a loss of vibratory sense, +1 Achilles reflex, and a tack embedded in his left heel. Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment? a. Tricyclic antidepressants b. Capsacin cream c. Vitamin B12 injections d. Insulin

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2025 NR 511 Week 4 Midterm Exam Version 3 Question 1 In an outpatient setting what is the most common

NR 511 Week 4 Midterm Exam Version 3 2025

NR 511 Week 4 Midterm Exam Version 3 Question 1: In an outpatient setting, what is the most common reason for a malpractice suit? a. Failure to treat a condition b. Failure to diagnose correctly c. Ordering the wrong medication d. Failure to manage care Question 2: How often should the clinician examine the feet of a person with diabetes? a. Once a year b. Every 6 months c. Every 3 months d. Every visit Question 3: Which drug for Alzheimer’s disease should be administered beginning at the time of diagnosis? a. Cholinesterase inhibitors b. Anxiolytics c. Antidepressants d. Atypical antipsychotics Question 4: Which of the following medications is the treatment of choice for trichomonas? a. Metranidazole b. Ceftriaxone c. Diflucan d. Doxycycline Question 5: Most adult poisonings are: a. intentional and self-inflicted. b. accidental. c. caused by someone wishing to do harm to the person. d. not attributed to any reason. Question 6: A 58-year-old woman presents with a breast mass. Which of the following responses by the clinician would be most appropriate? a. “It is probably just a cyst, because that is the most common breast mass.” b. “We will order a mammogram and ultrasound to help establish a diagnosis.” c. “We will go ahead and schedule you for a biopsy because that is the only way to know for sure.” d. “Because your lump is painful, it is most likely not cancer.” Question 7: Which of the following is a specific test for multiple sclerosis (MS)? a. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) b. Computed tomography (CT) scan c. A lumbar puncture d. There is no specific test. Question 8: After removing a tack from a type 2 diabetic’s heel and evaluating the site for infection, what is the best plan for this patient? a. Suggest she use a heating pad to improve circulation b. Refer to a podiatrist for a foot care treatment plan c. Send her for acupuncture treatments d. All of the above Question 9: Which characteristic of delirium helps to distinguish delirium from dementia? a. Abrupt onset b. Impaired attention c. Affective changes d. Delusions Question 10: Which clinical feature is the first to be affected in increased intracranial pressure (ICP)? a. Decrease in level of consciousness (LOC) b. Headache c. Nausea d. Widening pulse pressure Question 11: Jennifer is an 18-year-old girl who comes to the emergency room after a fall during a soccer game. Jennifer explains that she fell on her left side and kept her arm out straight to break her fall. She has been experiencing severe pain and limited range of motion in her left shoulder. The clinician has diagnosed Jennifer with a dislocated shoulder. Which of the following statements are true concerning shoulder dislocation? a. Posterior dislocations are more common than anterior dislocations. b. There is a risk of neurovascular and neurosensory trauma, so the clinician should check for distal pulses. c. Recurrent dislocations are uncommon and would require a greater force to result in injury. d. Surgery is most commonly the treatment of choice. Question 12: In the consensus model for Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN) regulation, the “C” of LACE represents? a. Commitment b. Consensus c. Certification d. Collaboration Question 13: Which of the following signs or symptoms indicate an inflammatory etiology to musculoskeletal pain? a. Decreased C-reactive protein b. Hyperalbuminemia c. Morning stiffness d. Weight gain Question 14: Which of the following statements is true concerning the musculoskeletal exam? a. The uninvolved side should be examined initially and compared to the involved side. b. The part of the body that is causing the patient pain should be examined first. c. The patient should not be asked to perform active range-of-motion (ROM) exercises whenever possible to avoid causing pain. d. Radiographs should always be obtained prior to examination so as not to cause further injury to the patient. Question 15: The clinician sees a patient who is 5 feet tall and weighs 150 pounds. How would the clinician classify this patient? a. Overweight b. Mild obesity c. Moderate obesity d. Morbid obesity Question 16: S presents in the clinic with pain, tenderness, erythema, and swelling of his left great toe. The clinician suspects acute gout. Which of the following should the clinician suspect in the initial test results for this patient? a. Elevated uric acid level b. Elevated blood urea nitrogen (BUN) c. Decreased urine pH d. Decreased C-reactive protein (CRP) Question 17: Which of the following statements is true regarding the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome? a. The goal of treatment is to prevent flexion and extension movements of the wrist. b. Splints are used in carpal tunnel syndrome because they allow for free movement of the fingers and thumb while maintaining the wrist in a neutral position. c. Corticosteroid injections are discouraged in the treatment of carpal tunnel syndrome because of the risks for median nerve damage, scarring, and infection. d. All of the above Question 18: The vegetarian patient with gout asks the clinician about food that he should avoid. The clinician should advise the patient to avoid which of the following foods? a. Rice b. Carrots c. Spinach d. Potatoes Question 19: A 23-year-old sexually active woman presents for her first Pap smear. Her history includes nulligravida, age at first intercourse 14, and more than 10 sexual partners. Which of the following conditions should the clinician be particularly alert for during her exam? a. Human papillomavirus (HPV) b. Endometrial hyperplasia c. Vagismus d. Polycystic ovarian syndrome Question 20: Which patient is more likely to have a cluster headache? a. A female in her reproductive years b. A 40-year-old African American male c. A 55-year-old female who drinks 10 cups of coffee daily d. A 45-year-old male awakened at night Question 21: A sunscreen with a sun-protection factor (SPF) of at least what number will block most harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation? a. 4 b. 8 d c. 10 d. 15 Question 22: Which of the following classes of drugs should be used as first-line therapy for treatment of delirium? a. Benzodiazepines b. Antipsychotics c. Anticonvulsants d. Antidepressants Question 23: What is the treatment of choice for a patient diagnosed with testicular cancer? a. Radical orchidectomy b. Lumpectomy c. Radiation implants d. All of the above Question 24: Sam, aged 65, is started on L-dopa for his Parkinson’s disease (PD). He asks why this is necessary. You tell him: a. “L-dopa is neuroprotective.” b. “The primary goal of therapy is to replace depleted stores of dopamine.” c. “This is the only drug that can provide symptomatic benefit.” d. “This is the initial monotherapy drug.” Question 25: A 60-year-old man presents with an enlarged scrotum. The clinician uses a penlight to transilluminate the scrotum. In a patient with a hydrocele, what would the clinician expect to find? a. The scrotum will be dark. b. The scrotum will appear light pink or yellow. c. The scrotum will appear milky white. d. The internal structures will be clearly visible. Question 26: A 24-year-old woman presents to the clinic with dysuria, dyspareunia, and a mucopurulent vaginal discharge. Her boyfriend was recently treated for nongonococcal urethritis. What sexually transmitted disease (STD) has she most probably been exposed to? a. Gonorrhea b. Human papillomavirus (HPV) c. Chlamydia d. Trichomonas Question 27: A 58-year-old woman who had a total abdominal hysterectomy at the age of 45 is diagnosed with atrophic vaginitis. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? a. Conjugated estrogen 0.625 mg/day oral b. Estradiol 7.5 mcg/24 hr vaginal ring c. Medroxyprogesterone 10 mg/day oral d. Conjugated estrogen 0.3 mg + medroxyprogesterone 1.5 mg/day oral Question 28: When looking under the microscope to diagnose an intravaginal infection, you see a cluster of small and oval to round shapes. What do you suspect they are? a. Spores b. Leukocytes c. Pseudohyphae d. Epithelial cells Question 29: A 22-year-old male is seen in the clinic because he found a hard lump in his testicle when performing testicular self-examination (TSE). Which of the following should be included in the list of differential diagnoses? a. Testicular cancer b. Inguinal hernia c. Varicocele d. All of the above Question 30: The clinician should Question: the patient with suspected gout about use of which of these medications that may be a risk factor? a. Low-dose aspirin b. Thiazide diuretics c. Ethambutol d. All of the above Question 31: What is usually the first sign or symptom that a patient would present with that would make you suspect herpes zoster? a. A stabbing type of pain on one small area of the body b. A vesicular skin lesion on one side of the body c. A pain that is worse upon awakening d. A lesion on the exterior ear canal Question 32: Which ethical principle reflects respect for all persons and their self-determination? a. Autonomy b. Beneficence c. Justice d. Veracity Question 33: Patients with a spontaneous pneumothorax should be counseled that up to what percentage may experience a reoccurrence at some point? a. 10% b. 20% c. 30% d. 50% Question 34: John is a 16-year-old boy who presents to the emergency room after hurting his knee in a football game. He described twisting his knee and then being unable to extend it completely. John tells the clinician that he heard a pop when the injury occurred and has been experiencing localized pain. The clinician suspects a meniscal tear. Which test would be most appropriate to assess for the presence of a meniscal tear? a. Valgus stress test b. McMurray circumduction test c. Lachman test d. Varus stress test Question 35: Which of the following laboratory findings should the clinician expect in a patient with untreated Graves’ disease? a. Elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) b. Elevated T4 c. Elevated TRH d. All of the above Question 36: Which drug commonly prescribed for burns is active against a wide spectrum of microbial pathogens and is the most frequently used agent for partial- and full-thickness thermal injuries? a. Clotrimazole cream (Lotrimen) b. Mafenide acetate (Sulfamylon) c. Silver nitrate d. Silver sulfadiazine (Silvadene) Question 37: During a digital rectal exam (DRE) on a 75-year-old man, the clinician suspects the patient has prostate cancer. What physical finding should make the clinician suspicious? a. An enlarged rubbery gland b. A hard irregular gland c. A tender gland d. A boggy gland Question 38: Janet is a 30-year-old woman who has been recently diagnosed with a herniated disc at the level of L5-S1. She is currently in the emergency room with suspicion of cauda equina compression. Which of the following is a sign or symptom of cauda equina compression? a. Gastrocnemius weakness b. A reduced or absent ankle reflex c. Numbness in the lateral foot d. Paresthesia of the perineum and buttocks Question 39: The criteria for diagnosing generalized anxiety disorder in the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (text revision) (DSM-IV-TR) state that excessive worry or apprehension must be present more days than not for at least: a. 1 month. b. 3 months. c. 6 months. d. 12 months. Question 40: The clinician has instructed Sam, a 25-year-old patient with low back strain, to use NSAIDs to manage his symptoms of pain and discomfort. Which of the following statements would be most appropriate when teaching Sam about the use of NSAIDs to manage his pain? a. You should start with the lowest dose that is effective in managing your pain, because long-term use of NSAIDs can result in gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as ulcers and hemorrhage. b. You should start with the lowest dose that is effective in managing your pain in order to avoid developing tolerance to the medication. c. You should take the maximum recommended dose of NSAIDs so that you will not need to take narcotics to control your pain. d. It is important to take NSAIDs on an empty stomach in order to increase absorption. Question 41: A patient is diagnosed with hypothyroidism. Which of the following electrocardiogram (ECG) changes should the clinician expect as a manifestation of the disease? a. Sinus bradycardia b. Atrial fibrillation c. Supraventricular tachycardia d. U waves Question 42: Sam is a 25-year-old man who has been diagnosed with low back strain based on his history of localized low back pain and muscle spasm along with a normal neurological examination. As the clinician, you explain to Sam that low back pain is a diagnosis of exclusion. Which of the following symptoms would alert the clinician to the more serious finding of a herniated nucleus pulposus or ruptured disc? a. Morning stiffness and limited mobility of the lumbar spine b. Unilateral radicular pain symptoms that extend below the knee and are equal to or greater than the back pain c. Fever, chills, and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate d. Pathologic fractures, severe night pain, weight loss, and fatigue Question 43: Which type of burn injury results in destruction of epidermis with most of the dermis, yet the epidermal cells lining hair follicles and sweat glands remain intact? a. Superficial burns b. Superficial partial-thickness burns c. Deep partial-thickness burns d. Full-thickness burns Question 44: Immunizations are an example of which type of prevention? a. Primary b. Secondary c. Tertiary Question 45: If a previously frostbitten area becomes frostbitten again after it has healed, what might occur? a. Permanent tissue damage may occur, resulting in necrosis to that body part. b. The area will be super sensitive. c. The area is prone to a repeat frostbite. d. The area is as susceptible as any other area. Question 46: In the United States, what is the second most common connective tissue disease and the most destructive to the joints? a. Osteoarthritis b. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) c. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) d. Sjogren’s syndrome Question 47: A 26-year-old woman is seen with complaints of irregular vaginal bleeding. Which of the following tests should be the first priority? a. Pregnancy test b. Pelvic ultrasound . c. Endometrial biopsy d. Platelet count Question 48: A 45-year-old woman is seen in the clinic with complaints of a vaginal discharge. The clinician identifies clue cells on the vaginal smear. Which of the following diagnoses is associated with this finding? a. Trichomonas b. Bacterial vaginosis c. Human papillomavirus (HPV) d. Herpes simplex virus (HSV) Question 49: Julie, aged 50, has migraine headaches, frequent asthma attacks, coronary artery disease, and hypertension. Which of the following prophylactic medications would you order for her migraines? a. Propranolol b. Timolol c. Ergotamine d. Topiramate Question 50: A 64-year-old man with type 2 diabetes presents to the clinic with the complaint of “my feet feel like they are on fire.” He has a loss of vibratory sense, +1 Achilles reflex, and a tack embedded in his left heel. Which of the following would be an appropriate treatment? a. Tricyclic antidepressants b. Capsacin cream c. Vitamin B12 injections d. Insulin

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2025 Although health care professionals play a significant role in health outcomes the day to day management of a patient s health is

Application: Patient-Centered Technologies 2025

Although health care professionals play a significant role in health outcomes, the day-to-day management of a patient’s health is also a personal responsibility. Physicians and nurses can provide diagnoses, interventions, treatments, and prescriptions, but they will only have an impact if patients follow through with their health care provider’s recommendations. The advent of diverse health-related technologies is providing unprecedented opportunities to assist patients in maintaining control of their health. Consider for a moment health and fitness mobile apps, talking pill bottles, and smart apartments. New patient-centered technologies are being developed every day! For this Assignment, you will select a health-related mobile app, personal health record, smart technology, or an interactive social media site that is helping patients to better manage their health. Note: For the purposes of this assignment, a “mobile app” is defined as a technology application that can be viewed, played, and stored on smartphone devices and tablets. To prepare: Review Chapter 35, “Consumer/Patient Engagement and eHealth Resources”, in the course text, Essentials of Nursing Informatics , and consider how technological innovations are transforming the ways patients’ access health-related information. Reflect on the various patient-centered technologies that you or others may use, as well as those gaining attention in the media. Conduct research on patient-centered technologies that assist users in managing their own health. Select one technology category such as apps, personal health records, smart technologies, or interactive social media sites to further explore. Examine the parameters of a specific patient-centered technology within this category. How does this technology put patients in control of their health? To complete: Submit a 1-page paper that addresses the following: Identify the patient-centered technology that you selected, as well as the population of patients for whom this technology is designed. Describe how this technology is tailored toward patient use. Specifically, explain how the features, functions, and design can help patients manage their own health. Explain the risks and benefits this technology might bring to users. Predict the impact this technology might have on patient health outcomes. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from the Learning Resources and any additional sources. Note: If you choose to select an interactive social media site, text- or article-based websites such as WebMD or Health.gov may not be selected. For the purposes of this course, interactive social media is defined as a digital technology that allows users to manipulate, interact with, and/or engage with other users. Ensure that if you choose an interactive social media site, it adheres to this rule.

Nursing Assignment Help 2025

2025 this presentation should address the following History values and worldview language and

Asian and Japanese heritage 2025

this presentation should address the following: History, values and worldview, language and communication patterns, art and other expressive forms, norms and rules, lifestyle characteristics, relationship patterns, rituals, degree of assimilation or marginalization from mainstream society, and health behaviors and practices. In addition to describing the these characteristics, the presentation must include (a) a comparative and contrast analysis of common characteristics and distinguishing traits between the groups,and (b) a discussion of differential approaches needed by health care professionals.

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2025 The same with different word dont chance the reference thanks Hello i just wanted to add that among the

culture 2025

The same with different word.dont chance the reference.thanks Hello i just wanted to add that among the Iranians several factors are believed to influence health. Among these factors are the Western : I.e. the bio medical concept of disease causation. This is the commonly accepted and co-exist along with any of other attributes of illness. Balance : Similarly, to many cultures they belief that balanced diet is the main contributor of good health. Spiritual /religious : It is believed to originate from punishment from God for sins committed. Gods will ( tagdir ). Supernatural: These are less subscribed to young generation. Muslims think that evil spirits called “jinn” are believed to cause some illnesses associated with mental health problems, while the ‘ zar ’ are believed to be the cause of poor mental health. “The evil eyes” are also believed to put a curse on others by just looking at them. This mostly affect children, and it is associated with physical illness. Additionally, the western medicine is very well accepted and sometimes with the traditional medicine. Moreover, use of herb and natural cures is a tradition extending over years in Iran. Traditional specialist administers herbal potions and bone settings. Iranians also use magico-religious articles and religious rituals such as amulets and blue-glazed faience is commonly in eastern Mediterranean (Unaeze and Perrin, 2000). Jackson, k. (July, 2006) ch.2 For more information about supernatural beliefs and culture in Islam Iranian. Good morning Maria. Very good discussion, I would like to add that Iranian population health care programs in recent years have been highly successful. Malaria has been virtually eliminated, cholera and other waterborne diseases are generally under control, and family planning programs have resulted in dramatic decreases in fertility rates. The infant mortality rate remains somewhat elevated (twenty-nine per thousand) but it has declined significantly over the past twenty years. AIDS figures are suppressed. A folk belief prevalent in Iran revolves around dietary practice. This philosophy tries to maintain balance between the four humors of the body (blood, phlegm, yellow bile, and black bile) through judicious combinations of foods. Although more sophisticated Iranians use the full range of four humors in their dietary calculations, most adhere to a two-category system: hot and cold. For example, visitors quickly learn that their friends will not allow the simultaneous consumption of watermelon and yogurt (both cold foods), for fear that this combination will cause immediate death. Arjomand, Said Amir. The Shadow of God and the Hidden Imam: Religion, Political Order, and Societal Change in Shi’ite Iran from the Beginning to 1890, 1984.

Nursing Assignment Help 2025

2025 Please see attached file and follow requirements carefully Be 4 pages in length

Global.Access.to.Essential.Health.Commodities 2025

Please see attached file and follow requirements carefully. Be 4 pages in length, not including the cover or reference pages. Avoid plagiarism Be formatted according to APA writing guidelines. Provide support for your statements with in-text citations from a minimum of eight scholarly articles. Utilize headings to organize the content in your work.

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2025 In your textbook on page 211 213 you have a case to analyze Next you need

Nursing Case Study 2025

In your textbook on page 211-213, you have a case to analyze. Next you need to answer the five questions on page 213. Please answer in full sentences using 12 pt font. Place you name at the top of your paper. You do not need a title page but if you use outside references, please list them in a reference section, and cite them in your paper using APA formatting. A good guess on the number of pages would probably around 4 double-spaced pages. Do not submit more than 5 pages. You should write your paper in word.

Nursing Assignment Help 2025

2025 I need to write a moment to this discussion A theory is the theoretic part of a research that

NSG 6101 2025

I need to write a moment to this discussion: A theory is the theoretic part of a research that allows scholars to investigate a given phenomenon. Other terms for theory include theoretical framework, model, or conceptual background. Specifically, formulating a theory involves coming up with a set of interrelated variables of concepts and their definitions before forming a suitable hypothesis to determine the relationship between the constructs (Connelly, 2014). In the two articles, “Use of Theoretical Frameworks in Research” by Lynne Connelly and “ The use of Theoretical and Conceptual Frameworks in Qualitative Research” by Helen Green all hope to explicate the role of theoretical background on the quality of research. According to Connelly, a theoretical framework or conceptual model is a less developed or less formal than an official theory. The purpose of such a framework is to guide exploratory work in the process of collecting theoretical ideas for research. Notably, this model is structured more narrowly than a theory and barely links different concepts. For example, in research seeking to explain how nurses make decisions in emergency situations, a conceptual framework may often elucidate the different decision-making approaches but will not go as far as explaining the effectiveness of each model, as opposed to a full theory (Connelly, 2014). In her paper, Green echoes the sentiments postulated by Connelly that conceptual frameworks are primarily used to provide a direction in the research process, which is obscure and highly dependent on the nature and amount of available research. Armed with this vital information, I am in the process of collecting information for my proposed study. Primarily, a literature review is top of my agenda in when collecting information to create my conceptual framework. By conducting a thorough review of the available literature on the topic, I wish to accomplish several things. First, I will get an insight into the most appropriate research models and the theories that have proven useful in this field of study. Notably, it is only through literature research that a scholar can identify different relationships between concepts (Green 2014). This relationship is vital in the conceptual framework since it aids in the exploratory works that in turn expands the scope of theoretical ideas. Moreover, from the review I hope to gain an impression about the topic as a whole, identifying all the major areas addressed by the other researcher and also identifying and verifying their sources of data. Moreover, this step of the research process enables the scholar to identify areas for further research while avoiding the pitfalls identified in previous works. In my case, I found out that most of the other writers have cited the systems model as a common theme in their work. The system model is fundamentally a theory by Betty Neuman that seeks to explain a person’s relationship to stress by exploring their response to potential and actual environmental stressors. What is more, the Neuman theory also proposes prevention interventions that nurses should adopt to maintain optimal wellness for their clients. The theory stresses on the nurse’s role in ensuring the highest level of wellness for their clients regardless of the available environmental stressors. Using a conceptual map on figure 1, I will attempt to outline my concepts and the relational statements.

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2025 By the due date assigned choose an older adult to interview This cannot be a patient in your

Gerentology 2025

By the due date assigned, choose an older adult to interview. This cannot be a patient in your clinical setting. You can use a friend, family member, or co-worker. The older adult should be 65 years or older. Use the format provided to record the responses. A list of questions is available for you to start with. Include 2–3 questions of your own to get a complete picture of the older adult. Summarize your findings and also contrast the responses with findings in your readings and other current literature. Download a patient questionnaire. This form should be used as an example. After gaining permission, conduct a physical and mental functional assessment of the older adult you have chosen. Review your readings for the process of functional assessment. Make use of the tools discussed this week to complete a comprehensive assessment of your patient. Search the Internet for resources on these tools. 1.Tinetti Balance and Gait Evaluation 2.Katz Index of Activities of Daily Living 3.Assessment of Home Safety 4.The Barthel Index Make sure the older adult is clearly identified on the tools. Do not include their name, but do include professional or other designation, and age. Your name should also be identified on the tool. (This should be a part of your Appendix.) Compare and contrast the age-related changes of the older person you interviewed and assessed with those identified in this week’s reading assignment. During this data analysis process provide at least 4–6 preliminary issues that you have identified. Identify three alterations in health that you would propose and describe them. Identify a minimum of three comprehensive interventions for each problem. Make sure that you integrate personal cultural awareness and cultural competency. Paper should be 5–6 pages, not including the questionnaire or tools used. These should be attached as an Appendix. Remember to use headings to identify the different sections in your paper. On a separate references page, cite all sources using APA format.

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2025 What are the potential consequences of being a healthcare worker who is unresponsive to the hepatitis

infection 2025

What are the potential consequences of being a healthcare worker who is unresponsive to the hepatitis B vaccine? For an HIV vaccine to be effective, it almost certainly will have to be a live attenuated virus. What is a major concern related to the use of this type of vaccine for HIV? If an individual is immunocompromised, what might be the risk of giving a live attenuated virus vaccine (e.g., rubella)? New and more effective antimicrobials are developed every year. Many of these are effective in treating common ailments such as bronchitis and sinusitis, as well as more serious systemic infections. What are some potential consequences of the development of new antimicrobials? Why do you think that the United States and other nations have not yet distributed a vaccine to prevent the spread of avian flu? Are there any other factors you can think of that have contributed to this rise?

Nursing Assignment Help 2025