Coffee Consumption and Cardio-Vascular Diseases

    There has always been a controversy about coffee consumption. While many say it causes various cardiovascular problems others say that coffee is actually beneficial for the health.

    Lang et al. (1983) showed that there was blood pressure (BP) increase from 125.6/79.8 +/- 15.0/10.5 mm Hg in non-coffee consumption category to 128.1/80.6 +/- 15.6/10.2 mm Hg in the highest consumption category (greater than or equal to 5 cups/day). They concluded that coffee was a significant contributor to the variation in BP levels. Riksen, Rongen and Smits (2008) in their work “Acute and long-term cardiovascular effects of coffee: Implications for coronary heart disease” indicated that “both experimental studies and epidemiological studies favor a deleterious role of coffee consumption as a trigger for coronary events, rather than in promoting the development of atherosclerosis” (p.189).

    Revuelta-Iniesta and Al-Dujaili (2008) studied biochemical aspects of green and black coffee and proposed that coffee intake, especially green coffee, might play a role in the reduction of cardiovascular risk factors and perhaps cardio-vascular diseases (CVD) in the long term. In the same 2008 year Geleijnse conducted a metanalysis of multiple studies and came to conclusion that regular coffee intake does not increase the risk of hypertension. 

    Some may argue that even though coffee consumption is considered safe for healthy individuals, it still may be harmful if consumed by people who already suffer from CVD. But recent work by Chrysant (2017) demonstrated that coffee consumption has either neutral or beneficial effects on BP, CVD, heart failure, cardiac arrhythmias, and diabetes mellitus (DM). 

     Changes in approach to one of the most popular beverages explained by different types of coffee that was studied. If years ago people drunk mainly boiled coffee, nowadays we prefer filtered coffee. According to O’Keefe et al. (2013) filtered coffee contains less amounts of cafestol and kahweol, substances which increase serum cholesterol. This supports previously mentioned conclusion of Riksen et al. (2008), that coffee consumption does not promote the development of atherosclerosis. In fact, to O’Keefe et al. (2013) indicated in the same work that coffee intake is beneficial in reduction of DM type two and may reduce the risk of stroke. Also, regular coffee intake does not cause increase in BP, although in non-habitual drinkers temporary BP increase is noticed.

    In conclusion, contrary to older studies coffee consumption considered not harmful and even beneficial, in some cases, nowadays. One of the explanations for this is the way coffee brewed. It may be concluded that filtered coffee is healthier than boiled coffee. Accidental consumption of this beverage by people who already suffer from chronic CVD is not recommended, whereas habitual drinkers can consume coffee regardless of their CVD status. 

References:

Chrysant, S. G. (2017). The impact of coffee consumption on blood pressure, cardiovascular disease and diabetes mellitus. Expert Review of Cardiovascular Therapy, 15(3), 151–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779072.2017.1287563

Geleijnse, J. M. (2008). Habitual coffee consumption and blood pressure: an epidemiological perspective. Vascular Health Risk Manag, 4, 963–970. https://doi.org/10.2147/VHRM.S3055 

Lang T., Degoulet P., Aime F., Fouriaud C., Jacquinet-Salord M.C., Laprugne J., Main J., Oeconomos J., Phalente J., Prades A. (1983). Relation between coffee drinking and blood pressure: Analysis of 6,321 subjects in the Paris region. The American Journal of Cardiology, 52(12), 1238-1242

O’Keefe, J. H., Bhatti, S. K., Patil, H. R., DiNicolantonio, J. J., Lucan, S. C., & Lavie, C. J. (2013). Effects of Habitual Coffee Consumption on Cardiometabolic Disease, Cardiovascular Health, and All-Cause Mortality. Journal of the American College of Cardiology (JACC), 62(12), 1043–1051. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacc.2013.06.035

Revuelta-Iniesta R.and Al-Dujaili E.A.S. (2014).  Consumption of Green Coffee Reduces Blood Pressure and Body Composition by Influencing 11b-HSD1 Enzyme Activity in Healthy Individuals: A Pilot Crossover Study Using Green and Black Coffee. BioMed Research International, 2014, 1-9. 

Riksen, N. P., Rongen, G. A., & Smits, P. (2009). Acute and long-term cardiovascular effects of coffee: Implications for coronary heart disease. Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 121(2), 185–191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharmthera.2008.10.006

Conduct a literature search to locate a journal article related to the health or health care practices of Arab people. Present a summary of the journal article, and examine how the information presented may impact your nursing practice. Please provide a copy of the journal article (or hyperlink) if possible. 400 words

 Discuss the purpose of the patient’s electronic health record, its content, and evaluate the barriers to claims processing that result from improper encounter documentation. Suggest ways or tools needed to document encounters to achieve better claims reimbursement. Cite a minimum of two- three articles to support your statements. 

-2 pages

-APA writing Style 

– Add headings

TOPIC: Disaster planning/preparedness in a health care setting

1. Introduction (120 words)
2. Objectives: Three objectives      you intend to address in the proposed risk management educational session.      (70 words)
3. Rationale: Rationale for each      objective (i.e., Why are these three objectives key or core to the risk      management issue?). (70 words)
4. Supportive Data: Data to support the need for the proposed educational session (150 words).
5. Implementation Strategies: How will you implement the proposed educational session? (150 words).
6. Evaluation Strategies: What tools will you use to evaluate the proposed educational session? (70 words)
7. Challenges and Opportunities: Ideas or suggestions about areas of focus regarding risk management the      organization could or should address moving forward into the future? (70 words)

Total of 700 words. APA format is required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines.

MINIMUM OF 3 REFERENCES, CHECK PLAGIARISM PLEASE. I WILL SUBMIT IN TURNITIN. PLEASE FOLLOW ALL INSTRUCTIONS. 

 

can you response to my class mate : 

Based off of previous experience and further research, I believe the nurse-patient ratio is very beneficial to nursing practice. This law requires that a nurse must care for no more than six patients in a psychiatric unit, five patients in a medical-surgical unit, four pediatric patients, three patients in a labor and delivery unit, and two patients in intensive care units (Yoder-Wise, 2019). Appropriate nurse staffing helps achieve clinical and economic improvements in patient care, including a reduction in medication errors, patient mortality, hospital readmissions, and length of stay. It has also been shown to reduce nurse fatigue and burnout. Currently, California is the only state to have adopted a mandatory nurse-patient ratio, but comparing the pre-post differences in occupational illness and injury rates between California and the rest of the United States, it was found that implementation of nurse-patient ratio standards were associated with a statistically significant reduction in injury rates among both registered nurses and licensed practical nurses (Leigh et al., 2014). By placing a limit as to how many patients a nurse can care for on a particular unit, nurses are able to focus on the individual needs of their patients and provide patient-specific care without feeling unable to perform certain nursing tasks due to time restraints and other demands. 

References

Leigh, J., Markis, C., Iosif, A.-M., & Romano, P. (2015). California’s Nurse-to-Patient Ratio Law and Occupational Injury. International Archives of Occupational & Environmental Health, 88(4), 477–484. https://doi-org.ezproxy.hsutx.edu:4443/10.1007/s00420-014-0977-y (Links to an external site.) 

Yoder-Wise, P. S. (2019). Leading and Managing in Nursing (7th ed.). St. Louis , MO: Elsevier.

Edited by Lexie Kramber on Feb 19 at 5:30pmCalifornia’s Nurse-To-Patient Ratio Law and Occupational Injury.pdf 

the question was 

 Staffing is such an integral part of leading and managing in nursing.  There are many factors to consider when deciding how many nurses are needed to provide safe patient care.  Look at the models in your reading in Chapter 13.  Find an article supporting a model’s staffing efficacy and discuss key points of how that model takes patient safety into consideration.   

the response should be 

 150 words minimum. Discussion posts must meet required criteria to receive a passing score. you should  AND should contain at least one scholarly reference in addition to textbook citations (in APA format).  my book is leading and manging in nursing 7 th edition