When pediatric clients present with mood disorders, the process of assessing, diagnosing, and treating them can be quite complex. Children not only present with different signs and symptoms than adult clients with the same disorders, but they also metabolize medications much differently. As a result, psychiatric mental health nurse practitioners must exercise caution when prescribing psychotropic medications to these clients. For this Assignment, as you examine the client case study in this week’s Learning Resources, consider how you might assess and treat pediatric clients presenting with mood disorders.

Note: This Assignment is the first of 10 assignments that are based on interactive client case studies. For these assignments, you will be required to make decisions about how to assess and treat clients. Each of your decisions will have a consequence. Some consequences will be insignificant, and others may be life altering. You are not expected to make the “right” decision every time; in fact, some scenarios may not have a “right” decision. You are, however, expected to learn from each decision you make and demonstrate the ability to weigh risks versus benefits to prescribe appropriate treatments for clients.

The Assignment

Examine Case Study: An African American Child Suffering From Depression. You will be asked to make three decisions concerning the medication to prescribe to this client. Be sure to consider factors that might impact the client’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes.

• At each decision point stop to complete the following:
  • Decision #1
    • Which decision did you select?
    • Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
    • What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
    • Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #1 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
  • Decision #2
    • Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
    • What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
    • Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #2 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
  • Decision #3
    • Why did you select this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
    • What were you hoping to achieve by making this decision? Support your response with evidence and references to the Learning Resources.
    • Explain any difference between what you expected to achieve with Decision #3 and the results of the decision. Why were they different?
• Also include how ethical considerations might impact your treatment plan and communication with clients.

zero plagiarism

four references

Comment1

The first step to gaining the support and funding with your idea to improve patient care is to perform research and be prepared. One should be able to support their ideas with literature and evidence based practice. I would input my idea along with the evidence based practice into a neatly design PowerPoint. The presentation would last approximately 10 minutes. The presentation will clear and simple for the upper management team to understand. The presentation would state the purpose of the idea, benefits of the idea, cost of the idea, and the population that the idea is targeting. I would show compassion for my idea while connecting with the upper management. At the end of the presentation there will be allotted time for any questions that upper management may have.

Top tips for presenting an effective presentation: Show compassion and connect with the audience, focus on the audience needs, keep it simple, smile and make eye contact, start strong, keep slides to the minimum of 10-30, tell stories, use your voice effectively, body language, and relax, breath, enjoy (Anderson, 2013)

comment2

Communication is a process through which information, understanding, and perceptions are passed from one person to another; communication is very important in nursing as it is an integral part in the field. Many of the times when we meet for the council meeting, staffs have been coming up with ideas on how patient care can be improved and the process has been encouraged as it seeks to come up with new ways of improving service to the patients. In some instances, there are ideas which I approve without involving the management, and there are others which need the approval of the top management to be implemented.  

My unit council had noted that patients have been walking for long to access services within the facility, this is because the parking lot is located fur and sometimes the patients have been facing challenges (Huber, 2017).To present the changes to the upper management I used oral presentation though there were some visual tools to help in illustrating issues which cannot be presented verbally. During the presentation, I made sure to explain how the idea come about and how my unit has come up with a solution to the problem. In the discussion, we talked of the possible outcome if the idea was implemented and how it would improve service to the patients. The issue could be solved by coming up with valet parking for emergency patients. By the time we left the boardroom, the management had approved the implementation of valet parking for emergency patients. The reason why I chose this type of communication is that it is easy to get the feedback and I can evaluate the visual impressions of the management.

From a healthcare perspective, there are a few ethical and moral issues presented in this article. One issue with the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (also known as Obamacare) is cost control. By failing to maintain cost control, Obamacare may not be able to ensure widespread access to healthcare (ACEP, n.d.). The main issue with cost control is distributive justice (ACEP, n.d.). Patient responsibility is another issue found within Obamacare. There are fewer taxes on harmful behaviors and more positive incentives (ACEP, n.d.). The issue with this is they are silent on harmful behaviors that cause the highest amount for the healthcare system. The last issue found in this article is about crowded emergency departments. One study found that people were visiting the emergency department even though they had a primary care physician (ACEP, n.d.). I agree with all of the issues presented. I know personally how hard it is to try to get in to see my primary care physician on short notice. It is frustrating when a sudden illness happens, and I can’t get in to see my doctor for three weeks. This makes me have to choose to either go to the ER or wait it out and be miserable and possibly get worse.

A major issue that came up was the growing population. I think that while attempting healthcare reforms in the future, this should be taken into account. Not only should they study the population growth, but attempt to estimate whether it will continue to increase or if it will decrease, and include that information in the planning of any reforms.

The article described first what the morals or fundamental goals of every American want and expect from our health care system. There are four fundamental goals and desires that have shaped the US health care system.  First, there’s quality care.  Second, there’s freedom of choice in health care.  Third, health care must be affordable. Fourth, we want our fellow citizens to share in the considerable benefits of health care (ACEP, n. d.).  Some of the ethical issues the article referred to were for instance a serious constitutional challenge to the PPACA is grounded on claims for individual liberty: it asserts that requiring Americans to purchase health insurance exceeds the authority placed in the hands of Congress by the US Constitution. Other countries, however, accept significant responsibility for the material welfare of their fellow citizens. These nations clearly place a high priority on the egalitarian goal of universal access to health care (ACEP, n. d.). I grew up in Germany where the employer and employee both pay 50% of the healthcare insurance and everyone has to have insurance. Another ethical issue the article was dealing with was tort reform of cost containment. I can see where defensive medicine results in costly diagnostic testing, hospitalizations, and therapeutic interventions. There needs to be some legal intervention to prevent frivolous lawsuits (ACEP, n. d.).  Access of care and emergency room crowding was another ethical and moral issue discussed. Many Americans who have been hard to insure because of pre-existing conditions had no choice but to go to the emergency room. I know I have a hard time to get in with my primary care physician and I have been told that I can always be seen at the ER if it gets too bad. I don’t agree with this because it’s passing the bug mentality. The last ethical issue the article talked about was end-of-life issues. I agree that communication, education, and joint decision-making plays a vital role in this situation.

I think for future healthcare reform we really need to look at how insurance companies can turn away customers with pre-existing health conditions. 

From a healthcare administrator’s perspective, the ethical issues in regards to the Affordable Care Act, present unique issues that still need to be addressed. The main issues presented in the article by the ACEP (n.d.) are, ”cost containment, public health, access to care, ED crowding, and end-of-life issues.” I would definitely have to agree that these issues are the leading cause of the fiscal fiasco that is the American healthcare system. According to the OECD (2018), on average, the US spends twice ($10,348) what other comparable western countries ($5,169) spend on health care. This ties into the ethical ramification of distributive justice in a fiscal perspective as we as a nation are spending so much money for a product that is not comparable any better than other western countries. The cost of access is so high that it discourages those who can’t afford it from receiving proper medical care. Cost transparency for multiple payers and standard rules for submission was suggested by Blanchfield (2010) that would, hypothetically, save $7 billion in billable time. Saving both time and money in this instance would effectively increase access to care as well as ED overcrowding. Utilizing savings from wasted man-hours increases funds available for ED renovations.

synthesis the 3 paragraphs above, at least 250 words.

  

Poster Presentation

Students this project will allow you to formulate and hypothetically develop your own research project. The purpose of this project is for the student to follow all of the different steps in a research project on an already published article and presented as a poster presentation. A poster session or poster presentation is the presentation of research information by an individual or representatives of research teams at a congress or conference with an academic or professional focus. The work is usually peer reviewed. Poster sessions are particularly prominent at scientific conferences such as medical congresses. 

Students will select the same article from week 7 and create a poster presentation that include the below information: I upload a template for the poster

The outline of the poster should include the following tabs (minimum requirements)

Abstract Outline: 

-Title of Project

-Problem Statement: what is the problem that needs fixing?

-Purpose of the Project

-Research Question(s)

-Hypothesis

-Methodology (Qualitative vs. Quantitative)

-Steps in implementing your project

-Limitations

Results (Pretend results)

-Conclusion

-References

I have attached an example of a poster presentation for guidance. 

  

Criterion

Outstanding 4

Very Good 3

Good 2

Unacceptable 1

Score

 

Completeness

Complete in all respects; reflects all   requirements

Complete in most respects; reflects most   requirements

Incomplete many respects; reflects few   requirements

Incomplete in most respects; does not reflect requirements

 

Understanding

Demonstrates excellent understanding of the   topic(s) and issue(s)

Demonstrates an accomplished understanding of the   topic(s) and issue(s)

Demonstrates an acceptable understanding of the   topic(s) and issue(s)

Demonstrates an inadequate understanding of the   topic(s) and issue(s)

 

Analysis

Presents an insightful and through analysis of the issue (s) identified

Presents a thorough analysis of most of the   issue(s) identified

Presents a superficial analysis of some of the issue(s)   identified

Presents an incomplete analysis of the issue(s)   identified.

 

Evaluation

Makes appropriate and powerful connections between   the issue(s) identified and the concept(s) studied

Makes appropriate connections between the issue(s)   identified and the concept(s) studied

Makes appropriate but somewhat vague connections   between the issue(s) identified and the concept(s) studied

Makes little or no connection between the issue(s)   identified and the concept(s) studied.

 

Opinion

Supports opinion with strong arguments and   evidence; presents a balanced and critical view; interpretation is both   reasonable and objective

Supports opinion with reasons and evidence;   presents a fairly balanced view; interpretation is both reasonable and   objective

Supports opinion with limited reasons and   evidence; presents a somewhat one-sided argument

Supports opinion with few reasons and little   evidence; argument is one-sided and not objective.

 

Recommendations

Presents detailed, realistic, and appropriate   recommendations clearly supported by the information presented and concepts   studied

Presents specific, realistic and appropriate   recommendation supported by the information presented and the concepts   studied

Presents realistic or appropriate recommendation   supported by the information presented and the concepts studied

Presents realistic or appropriate recommendation   with little, if any, support from the information and the concepts studied.

 

Grammar and Spelling

Minimal spelling and grammar errors

Some spelling and grammar errors

Noticeable spelling and grammar errors

Unacceptable number of spelling and grammar errors

 

APA guidelines

Uses APA guidelines accurately and consistently to   cite sources

Uses APA guidelines with minor violations to cite   sources

Reflects incomplete knowledge of APA guidelines

Does not use APA guidelines

 

Total

Research children’s health issues, focusing on environmental factors and links to poverty.  The assessment of environmental processes includes agents and factors that predispose communities and populations to injury, illness, and death. What correlations did your research show between environmental and health issues in the school-aged child? Make sure to include references to the article(s) you consulted.