2023 You will write your Literature Review Section of your EBP Project Proposal Here is a

Nursing 2023 Literature review

You will write your Literature Review Section of your EBP Project Proposal Here is a 2023 Assignment

 

You will write your Literature Review Section of your EBP Project Proposal. Here is a Review of Literature Example (Word) to use as a model or guide. To conduct your literature review, you begin with the search strategy, gather your resources, then start writing your literature review and gap analysis.

Search Strategy

In the literature review section, you are to identify your search strategy, which can include the following:

  • the databases and internet sites or search engines used to explore the literature (CINAHL, Medline, Google, Yahoo, etc.)
  • the search terms you used
  • the beginning and ending dates of the period covered in this study
  • the time period when the search was conducted (e.g., Fall 2008)
  • any special journals hand-searched and any relevant sources used in performing the literature search
Description of Literature or Gaps in the Literature

The literature review section is a review of studies that are related to your phenomenon. It should take up about eight to ten pages, or approximately 3,000 to 4,000 words. The purpose is to tell the reader what is known about your phenomenon and lead the reader to what is not known about your phenomenon (your research problem). You should have sub-headings throughout this section of the paper.

The literature section discusses the relevant research related to your study. Do not discuss each study individually; instead, synthesize the literature based on your literature matrix. You can discuss individual findings of studies (include all eight studies that you described in your literature matrix in Weeks 4 and 9) as appropriate including the statistical findings and study samples. This section needs to tell the reader what is known about your clinical area of interest. You will also summarize your review of the literature and discuss the gaps you have identified.

Assignment Instructions

Your assignment should be:

  • Eight to ten pages, or approximately 3,000 to 4,000 words, no cover page required, and the page count doesn’t include the references list
  • Your search strategy
  • Description of articles (who, population, sample, what was done, statistical findings, limitations, and so on)
  • Gaps section: the gaps you have identified from your literature search

Please refer to the Grading Rubric for details on how this activity will be graded.

Example of A Literature Review : Follow the below example 

  

Week 9 Review of Literature Example

Written by Jennifer Oddy, Entitled: Distress And Coping of Mothers of Children With Muscular Dystrophy 

Introduction

The purpose of this literature review is to discuss the current knowledge regarding experiences of mothers who care for their child with muscular dystrophy, their coping mechanisms, and to understand their lived experiences in order to provide better nursing care to these mothers. Not only will the current knowledge be addressed, this literature review will also speak to what is unknown about this phenomenon. The concepts of maternal stress/well-being, adjustment, anxiety, and coping will all be addressed as common themes emerging from the data. 

The research question for this study is:
What are the lived experiences of mothers who care for their child with muscular dystrophy? 

The search for literature took place in the spring of 2015, which was completed using EBSCOhost to search 17 online databases through the Regis College Library. Google Scholar was also used, which brought up articles from PubMed that have been utilized. Eight peer- reviewed research journal articles were obtained and scrutinized for the purpose of this review of literature and the literature matrix (Appendix B). Search terms included: children, chronic disease, mother, distress, coping, muscular dystrophy, maternal experience, stress, and adjustment. To ensure the most relevant literature was cited, the majority of the articles were from 2007-2013. One article was from 2003, two from 2005, and the remaining five articles were between 2007 and 2013. The older articles were included for the purpose of their significance to the subject matter. However, this gap in literature provides evidence that there is need for further research regarding the lived experiences of mothers who care for their child with muscular dystrophy. 

This review of literature will include empirical and theoretical sections, as well as a brief description of how the researcher arrived at this topic of interest. In the empirical literature section, the literature from eight peer-reviewed journals will be synthesized. Individual findings from certain articles will be cited in order to provide details about the experiences of mothers caring for their child with muscular dystrophy. These experiences will then be related to the discipline of psychology, demonstrating the importance of a multi-disciplinary approach. The empirical literature will be concluded with the gap in literature and why there is a need to further investigate this topic. These topics are all used to form the following sub-headings: overview, lifestyle as a contributor to maternal stress and well-being, difficulty adjusting, anxiety directly relates to quality of life, the struggles of coping, maternal stress related to other disciplines, a summary, and the gaps in literature. The purpose of these sub-headings is to organize the empirical literature section. 

Empirical Literature
Overview. There have been a number of research articles that delve into the experiences of mothers who care for their child with muscular dystrophy. The Literature Matrix (Appendix B) is an overview of eight research articles that studied the experiences and lifestyle of these women. Two research articles were literature reviews and six were experimental studies. One study used a conceptual model to guide the research, which will be presented in the theoretical section of this literature review. 

Children and families who are faced with the stress of having a child with muscular dystrophy must adapt to physical, emotional, social, and financial challenges. The increase in every-day caregiving requirements, lifestyle, the disease complexities, and family dynamics can influence long-term health outcomes (Barlow & Ellard, 2005). In addition, the financial status and interactions of the child and/or family with their environment can be severely impacted (Brown et al., 2007). Through this review of literature from the eight articles, four emerging themes became evident: the lifestyle associated with having a child with muscular dystrophy affects maternal stress and well-being; mothers experience difficulty adjusting; maternal anxiety is directly related to quality of life; and the struggles with the experience of coping. This empirical research section will use the themes to organize the literature, followed by a brief section about maternal distress relating to other disciplines, as well as the gap in the current literature. 

Lifestyle as a contributor to maternal stress and well-being. While both mothers and fathers may have worries about maintaining family function when caring for a child with muscular dystrophy, typically the mother herself is identified as the primary caregiver (Brown et al., 2008). This is described as “carrying the burden,” since the mothers are the individuals following through with doctor appointments, monitoring the child’s status, administering medications/treatments, all in addition to feeding the rest of the family and cleaning the home (Brown, et al. 2008). This places a large stressor on the mother, who may be so concerned about everyone else’s well-being, that she may not have time for her own. The literature has shown that the lifestyle of having a child with muscular dystrophy can severely impact maternal well-being (Barlow & Ellard, 2005). 

Carroll, Gallagher, and Phillips (2010) conducted a descriptive comparative study regarding the psychosocial predictors of sleep quality in parents caring for a child with a chronic disease. The researchers used convenience sampling to obtain 67 parents of children with developmental disabilities to compare to 42 parents of typically-developing children. The results of the study identified sleep quality as an important aspect of well-being and strongly related it to overall quality of life. There is reasonable consensus across the literature that problematic and challenging behaviors are a main source of stress for parents of children with a chronic disease (Carroll et al., 2010). Having a child with muscular dystrophy may invoke a state of stress in mothers. Unfortunately, stress has been found to be the strongest predictor of poor sleep quality (β =.45, t = 4.17, p <.001) and accounted for 30% of the variation in sleep quality among mothers who care for a child with a chronic disease. Knowing this, it is no surprise that parents of children with chronic disease report poorer sleep quality than parents who do not face this burden. In addition, the majority of these parents met the “poor sleepers” criterion. While sleep is something that most people take for granted, it is an important part of well-being that can be altered in impeding circumstances such as having a child with muscular dystrophy (Carroll et al., 2010). 

Another descriptive comparative research study conducted by Nereo, Fee, and Hinton (2003), was aimed at examining parental stress in mothers of boys with muscular dystrophy (MD). The sample was done by consecutive and convenience sampling, and consisted of 112 mothers of boys with MD, 800 mothers of healthy children, 28 mothers of children with cerebral palsy, and 46 siblings of boys with MD. The results demonstrated that stress related to child behavior was higher in the MD group (23.98) than the normative group (18.7). The mean MD parent-child dysfunctional interaction score was also much great in the MD group (M=23.98) than the normative sample (M=18.7). Lastly, the mean MD difficult child score (M=30.64) was greater than the normative sample (M=26). These results demonstrate the presence of problem child behaviors consistently predicting maternal stress, which relates to child behavior and the difficulty of caring for a child with muscular dystrophy. In addition, Nereo and colleagues (2003) characterize muscular dystrophy as a complex chronic condition since it involves specialized and time-consuming care. The disease poses stressors in terms of daily care requirements. Negotiating wheelchair transportation, meeting recommended physical therapy requirements, and increasing physical demands are just a few of the accommodations that mothers must make time for in their daily schedules. These physical burdens can place a strain on the caregiving mother and increase preexisting stress (Nereo et al., 2003). 

In addition to the physical aid that mothers provide, muscular dystrophy can also affect mental health. The disease is both chronic and terminal, therefore carrying the necessity for many psychological adjustments to occur within the family at any given time (Nereo et al., 2003). Furthermore, parental stress can have a direct impact on the health of the child. Lynn et al. describe the concept of uncertainty in relation to family and dynamics. As parental uncertainty increased, child uncertainty also increased (Lynn et al., 2010). As uncertainty in the child increases, so do anxiety, depression, and psychological distress. This is not healthy for the child, nor the mother and/or the rest of the family that is involved. 

Difficulty adjusting. Chronic diseases in children have an impact not only on the child, but also on other members of the family. Barlow and Ellard (2005) provided an overview of the current literature regarding the psychosocial well-being of children with chronic disease, their parents, and siblings. A total of 391 articles were identified that were selected according to strict inclusion criteria. Two researchers reviewed the articles for reliability. The findings were consistent that emotional distress (anxiety and depression) was greater among parents of children diagnosed with chronic diseases. Mothers may not have the financial ability to hire a caregiver, leaving the stress solely on her. It then becomes an issue that the mother does not have time to run errands, get the household chores done, or even be able to work. Not only does this hinder the mother, it also impedes on the already delicate health of the child (Barlow & Ellard, 2005). Consistent with this research, the article “Correlates of maternal and paternal adjustment to chronic childhood disease” states that mothers reported significantly more difficulties than fathers while attempting to adjust to things like new lifestyle, caregiving requirements, and changing prognosis (Crawford & Dewey, 2007). Specifically, mothers were prone to higher levels of psychological distress if they had poor family cohesion and less social support. This is consistent with the rest of the literature, Barlow & Ellard (2005) stating that mothers are less likely to be affected by the stress of their child’s chronic disease if they have a social output, and Brown et al. (2008) referring to demographic variables such as resources and social groups and how they play a role in the support of these parents. 

Crawford and Dewey (2007) conducted a descriptive study in order to determine if different factors were associated with maternal and paternal adjustment to having children with life-limiting chronic diseases. Convenience sampling was used in order to obtain a sample of 11 mothers and 9 fathers of children with muscular dystrophy. A control group of 19 mothers and 11 fathers of healthy children was also obtained for comparison. The results demonstrated that mothers reported significantly more adjustment difficulties than fathers (F[1,124]= 6.57, p< .05), had a harder time adapting (F[1,124]= 4.80, p< .05), and families with children with chronic diseases had lower scores in family cohesion (F[2,124]= 4.84, p< .01). Through data collection, Crawford and Dewey attribute adaptation struggles to things like previous psychological functioning of family members, socioeconomic status, concurrent psychosocial stressors, and quality of relationships. These are all things that have the potential to significantly alter a mother’s ability to adjust. Another large factor that plays a role in maternal adjustment is the prognosis of muscular dystrophy. It is a progressive and fatal disease where the child can take a turn for the worse at any given moment (Nereo et al., 2003). Because of this, it is difficult for mothers to adjust to an ever-changing state of health of their child (Lucio et al., 2013). Lucio et al. also states the significance of this in the health care setting. “The adaptation process of mothers is not instantaneous and it can change from one period of control to a situation of lack of control. Taking care of a sick child requires skills, knowledge about the disease and the devices to be used. The mothers need clear information from the health professionals and their doubts need to be clarified, so that the care to these children is performed safely and autonomously,” (Lucio et al., 2013, p. 87) 

Anxiety directly relates to quality of life. In a qualitative, descriptive research study, Lucio and colleagues (2013) aim to understand the mother’s perspective on caring for their child with muscular dystrophy. Convenience sampling was used to select children with muscular dystrophy from a public hospital, and the nurses then made contact with their mothers. The open- ended interviews revealed important information about the quality of life while caring for a child with muscular dystrophy. Mothers considered caring for their child to be a difficult task, since they deal with unknown devices that their child has become dependent on. This leads to a chronic fear of losing their child and fear of what happens when the electricity goes out. All this fear causes anxiety, which the researchers found to directly affect the quality of life of the mother as well as child. Quality of life can be greatly negated while caring for a child with muscular dystrophy. Mothers often leave their chores, change their daily routine, and postpone their commitments in order to stay with their child who is dependent on their care. Not only are these children care-dependent, a lot of them also rely on mechanical equipment to live. Much of the anxiety experienced in these mothers roots from “being afraid with the possibility of them not surviving, due to the malfunction of the equipment,” (Lucio et al., 2013, p. 86). Besides the fear of death, anxiety is highlighted as a factor that directly afflicts with quality of life of both the children and mothers (Lucio et al., 2013). 

The struggles with coping. Webb (2005) completed a qualitative grounded theory study that was completed with the purpose of addressing the lack of available information for parents about coping with muscular dystrophy (Webb, 2005). Twenty-three parents (15 families) of children with MD were selected from postings on the internet and from an annual Parent Project Muscular Dystrophy Conference. Six major coping themes emerged from the in-depth interviews: (1) MD is caused from a mutation in the X chromosome, therefore mothers tend to blame themselves; (2) Diagnosis is the first tough issue that parents face; (3) Mothers feel fear, denial, anger, guilt, and confusion about the diagnosis; (4) Mothers sought “treatment” to help slow the progression; (5) The anxiety related to their child chronically relying on equipment; (6) Worries about the child finishing school. These are all issues that cause stress and anxiety in mothers caring for their child with muscular dystrophy. In one instance, the researcher found that families “coped” by overprotection, lack of child discipline, and magical thinking (Webb, 2005). On the contrary, there were some positive findings. Four types of coping strategies emerged: (1) Families focused on the present, living one day at a time; (2) Families attempt to live as normal a life as possible; (3) Families had a proactive attitude regarding care for the child in order to reduce the risk of crises; (4) Families developed coping resources based on personal strength (Webb, 2005). Although there are not a lot of studies regarding coping skills in parents of children with disabilities, what is available demonstrates the need for progression. This demonstrates the necessity to empower other families to learn coping strategies like these. Parents want to proactively participate in their sons’ lives, and they, as well as practitioners, need to encourage other parents to do the same (Webb, 2005). 

Maternal distress related to other disciplines. The effects of having a child with a chronic disease definitely influence the mind and behavior of the mothers doing the caregiving (Barlow & Ellard, 2005). A number of studies have confirmed an increased risk for psychological dysfunction in mothers who have chronically ill children, one of which will be discussed in detail, “Single parents of children with chronic illness: an understudied phenomenon,” (Brown et al., 2008). Brown and colleagues performed a narrative systematic review whose purpose was to examine the literature revolving around chronic illness and to evaluate the impact on single parenting and children with chronic diseases. Twenty articles were used to study single parenting. The researchers found that the anxiety experienced by a mother during the treatment of her child was a predictor for later posttraumatic stress symptoms (PTSS). Parents of children with chronic diseases also demonstrated increased rates of treatment for anxiety and had increased maternal negative affect scores. These parents have few social resources, thus increasing parental stress and other psychological disorders. These results just barely skim the surface of the complicated psychosocial issues experienced when caring for a child with a chronic disease (Brown et al., 2008). 

Summary. The literature provided supports this study and addresses the research question. The literature provides insight on what the experiences of mothers are who care for their children with muscular dystrophy. In conclusion of the empirical literature section, it is safe to say that mothers caring for their child with muscular dystrophy experience a great amount of stress and anxiety (Barlow & Ellard, 2005; Brown et al., 2008; Carroll et al., 2010; Lynn et al., 2010; Nereo et al., 2003). This can affect maternal well-being, and also take a toll on the child’s health (Carroll et al., 2010). Stress and anxiety play a large role in the quality of life of mothers, which reflects in the care they provide to their child (Lucio et al., 2013). These things can all lead to difficulty adjusting and poor coping skills in the mother. Stress, anxiety, maternal well- being, adjustment, and coping all relate to the discipline of psychology, which demonstrates the need to approach this problem in a multi-disciplinary fashion. If practitioners, psychologists, social workers, parents, etc. can spread their knowledge about healthy coping and adaptation, other parents could be empowered to live the same way, bettering their lives as well as that of their child (Webb, 2005). 

The range of psychological functioning in mothers is a very wide spectrum. That being said, the emphasis should be placed on identifying triggers that influence mothers’ psychological responses to the stressors of a child’s chronic disease. Mothers in this situation should make time for themselves, even if that means having a family member take over the caregiving role for a few hours. In an article based upon stress reduction in mothers of children with autism, researchers from Vanderbilt University speak on the subject. Studies have shown clear benefits of mother-led stress-reduction classes for women in the same, unique situation. Researchers created two programs: one focusing on mindfulness and training, the other emphasizing dealing with guilt by developing character strengths and positive, healthy mental exercises. “Evaluations conducted during and after the study showed that the mothers benefited from either program. They had lower levels of stress, anxiety and depression, along with improved sleep and life satisfaction. They also had fewer ‘dysfunctional,’ or unhelpful and negative, interactions with their children,” (Autism Speaks, 2014). It is essential that mothers partake in such activities in order to maintain a healthy lifestyle and relationship with their family and children. 

Gaps in Literature. Muscular Dystrophy is a very time-consuming disease for the child and the mother. The experiences, adjustment skills, and coping capabilities should be shared for other mothers to feel empowered. “Studies based on coping skills of parents whose children have disabilities, although scant, add valuable information to the research literature,” (Webb, 2005, p. 386). If there were more research on this topic, mothers who are currently struggling could perhaps be inspired to better their situation. 

One recommendation for further research should include adaptations by the child and family to the diagnosis of a chronic disease across the lifespan. Most of the articles focused on the effects and adaptations of the family in the immediate stage of diagnosis and soon after. If we knew more about the adaptations made over a long period of time, it would enable caregivers to plan for developmentally appropriate support as the patient changes over time (Mussatto, 2006). In addition, there should be tools to identify families that are at risk for poor adaptation/resilience. If families do not have access to necessary resources, they could struggle and be at risk for being in an even worse situation (Brown et al., 2008). 

Brown et al. (2008) included an entire table (Table II) dedicated to the gaps in research and questions to be addressed. The biggest gap in research seems to be during the adaptation phase. At what point in the child’s life does being a single parent matter post? How does adaptation for the single parent change over time? Are there protective factors enhancing single parenting? Negative factors? And culture. The articles seemed to have sampled a homogenous population. Would the results be different if other cultures were sampled? (Brown et al., 2008) 

As one can tell, there are still many questions to be asked and research to be completed. Mothers who have children with muscular dystrophy are a very fragile population. Understanding the lived experiences of these women can help practitioners and other women in the same situation reach out to offer help and to empower mothers to do the same.

Grading Rubric

 

Writing the Literature Review Section Rubric

Writing the Literature Review Section Rubric – 100 PointsCriteriaExemplary
Exceeds ExpectationsAdvanced
Meets ExpectationsIntermediate
Needs ImprovementNovice
InadequateTotal PointsIntroductionIntroduction includes all of the following components and they are clearly stated: The purpose of the ROL (may want to repeat research questions).

How the ROL is organized (empirical literature, conceptual/theoretical literature, and the theory that will guide your study if appropriate).

Databases, internet sites, and search engines, and other sources that were used to explore the literature.

Search words used. Time period when the search was conducted.

10 pointsIntroduction includes most of the introduction components and they are clearly stated.

9 pointsIntroduction is somewhat clear, but only partially addresses the components of the ROL introduction.

8 pointsIntroduction is vague and unclear and does not include the purpose or any of the components of the ROL introduction.

7 points10Empirical ResearchThe first paragraph of the empirical literature clearly tells the reader what is included and how it is organized.

Critical thinking is present and there is evidence of synthesis of the literature that is based on the literature matrix.

Individual studies are presented as needed. All of the following elements are included and clearly stated: The review includes all of the major studies on the topic.

The review includes recent research. Studies from other related disciplines are included, if appropriate.

The eight articles from the literature matrix are in the review of literature (ROL).

The last paragraph summarizes what is known about the research area and identifies the gaps in the literature. The paragraph includes a statement about how the literature supports your study.

50 pointsThe first paragraph of the empirical literature clearly tells the reader what is included and how it is organized.

Critical thinking and synthesis of the literature is clearly evident.

Most of the ROL elements are included but some are missing.

The last paragraph summarizes what is known about the research area and identifies the gaps in the literature.

The paragraph includes a statement about how the literature supports your study.

45 pointsThe first paragraph of the empirical literature minimally tells the reader what is included and how it is organized.

Critical thinking and synthesis of the literature is not always evident.

Many of the ROL elements are missing.

The last paragraph does not clearly summarize what is known about the research area and identifies the gaps in the literature.

The paragraph does not include a statement about how the literature supports your study.

40 pointsThe first paragraph of the empirical literature does not tell the reader what is included and how it is organized.

Critical thinking and synthesis of the literature is seldom evident.

Most of the ROL elements are missing.

The last paragraph does not summarize what is known about the research area and omits the gaps in the literature.

The paragraph does not include a statement about how the literature supports your study.

35 points50Gaps from ROL
and SummaryGaps from the literature are identified and described.

Critical thinking is evident in summarizing the ROL.

The summary includes all the key elements of the ROL.

20 pointsGaps from the literature are identified.

Critical thinking is evident.

Some key elements of the ROL are missing.

18 pointsSome gaps from the ROL are identified.

Critical thinking is not evident consistently.

Many of the key elements of the ROL are missing.

16 pointsGaps from the literature are not identified and/or described.

Critical thinking is not evident.

Most of the key elements are missing.

14 points20Writing Mechanics
and APA FormatAPA is used throughout the paper with few to no errors.

Correct title page, headers, page numbers, grammar, and correct referencing format are used.

Few to no writing mechanic errors.

The writing was clear and easy to read.

Follows page recommendations:
Empirical Section: eight to ten pages
Theoretical/Conceptual: one to two pages.
Page length may vary depending on the literature found.

20 pointsAPA format was generally used correctly most of the time.

Few APA errors were included: title page, headers, page numbers, grammar, and referencing format.

Some writing mechanic errors.

The writing was not clear at times. It was difficult to read and understand at times.

Page recommendations are followed almost perfectly.

18 pointsAPA format was seldom used.

Many APA errors were included: title page, headers, page numbers, grammar, and referencing format.

Moderate to many writing mechanic errors.

The writing was unclear some of the time. It was very difficult to read and understand at times.

16 pointsAPA format was not used.

Many APA errors were included: title page, headers, page numbers, grammar, and referencing format.

Many writing mechanic errors.

The writing was unclear most of the time. It was not possible to read and understand at times.

14 points20Total Points100 

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2023 APA Format This is a letter not an essay Add A Voice American Nurses Association Current Issues The Safe

Nursing 2023 Safe Staffing

APA Format This is a letter not an essay Add A Voice American Nurses Association Current Issues The Safe 2023 Assignment

APA Format…. This is a letter not an essay.

***Add A Voice***

American Nurses Association. Current Issues. The Safe Staffing for Quality for care Act. 

1. In text Citation/reference should be only be within 2013-2018. Only (ANA) Organization.

2.  1 page.

3.Write a letter to the editor on an issue important to nursing profession in New York. 

2. How am I affected at work with staff shortage. My position is RN.

3. When was the last bill passed in New York?

4. Identify an issue of importance to nursing.

5.Research the issue and know the facts.

**Go straight to the point.**

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2023 Why do many people seem to have negative feelings toward elders What do you

Nursing 2023 nursing homework

Why do many people seem to have negative feelings toward elders What do you 2023 Assignment

  1. Why do many people seem to have negative feelings toward elders? What do you think that they fear when interacting with or touching older people? How can you as a nurse can overcome some of those fears or hesitations?
  2. What types of rights do feel older adults should have when it comes to the end or prolong their life? If older adults with dementia or longtime chronic illnesses choose to withhold food/water or refuse treatment for an illness, do you feel that is within their rights? How would you counsel family members to deal with these types of issues?
  3. Mention some strategies for assisting older adults in avoiding the problems of polypharmacy and organizing their medications in an easy to understand and use format. What are the different strategies that could be used? How would strategies change if the patient had hearing or vision deficits? What about if the patient were illiterate?

 As stated in the syllabus the assignment must be presented in an APA format word document, 

Arial 12 font 700 words.  A minimum of 3 evidenced-based references must be used (excluding the class textbook) and one of them must be from a Geriatric Nursing Journal

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2023 What are your thoughts One example that shows how research uses hypothesis

Nursing 2023 Response dq

What are your thoughts One example that shows how research uses hypothesis 2023 Assignment

What are your thoughts…

One example that shows how research uses hypothesis testing is the Physicians’ Reactions experiment, in which physicians were asked how long they would see patients that were either obese or of average-weight (Lane). Researchers found that physicians would see average-weight patients for a mean 6.4 seconds longer. However, since so many variables could contribute to a physician’s decision, the results could have been caused by chance. But through hypothesis testing, the researchers found that there was only a 0.57% chance that the results were caused by luck, consequently verifying the results of their study. 

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2023 Falls are one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in older

Nursing 2023 RESPOND WITH 150 WORDS AND CONTRIBUTE 2 IDEAS AS RECOMMENDATION

Falls are one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in older 2023 Assignment

  

Falls are one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in older adults. Every year, an estimated 30–40% of patients over the age of 65 will fall at least once. Falls lead to moderate to severe injuries, fear of falling, loss of independence and death in a third of those patients. Falls account for 87 % of all fractures in the elderly. These fractures are almost always due to low impact injuries in osteoporotic bones. Several organizations have recommended screening older patients to identify those with a high risk of falling and, or fractures.

Working in the long term setting I have witnessed so many preventable falls in elderly population. Currently our fall numbers are very high. I would like to implement my plan on a group of patients like 30 patients at time. Just to see how it works. I will really like to involve my CNA’s for that station and have meeting with them to know more basics to prevent those falls. Reason involving CNA’s, I want to reach to root cause of fall and wants to plan individualized interventions.

References

Ambrose, A. F., Cruz, L., & Paul, G. (2015). Review: Falls and Fractures: A systematic approach to screening and prevention. Maturitas, 82, 85–93. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1016/j.maturitas.2015.06.035

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2023 wk3 discussion Pf part 1 What does it mean to be a change agent

Nursing 2023 nursing leadership

wk3 discussion Pf part 1 What does it mean to be a change agent 2023 Assignment

wk3 discussion/Pf

part 1

 

What does it mean to be a change agent?

A change agent is a person who implements or promotes the changes in a group or an organization.in business it is usually someone who supports the new ways of doing things within an organization.

Give two examples of when you were a change agent or witnessed another nurse as a change agent

Leaders as change agent:

A leader can act as a change agent by supervising his subordinates (nurses) and by reviewing and regarding their progress, he can suggest the other ways of doing the thing and this way he can promote it in a better way and can increase the leading skills of nurses that can help the organization to transform and work more effectively.

HR manager as a change agent:

In order to bring change or to transform, a change agent should have a vast treasure of broad knowledge and the update regarding the new technology. And being the manager of HR, you can predict the potential difficulties in system or staff (nurses) and can bring a change accordingly by guiding them and increasing their potential by giving them a proper guidance in the eras where they are lacking their leadership skills.

What happened and how did the change occur?

The change usually occurs when there is some lacking either in the system or in the staff that is managing the system. Nurse leaders can bring a change by analyzing the current potential and the lacking points. It can also be done by encouraging the nurses to decide the best option to get the better outcome. Change can only occur if you share the knowledge effectively that will eventually help in enhancing their skills and will also bring a change in their attitude and behavior with other nurses. The major effective pillar in bringing the change was the cooperation with other nurse that gives rise to the remarkable leadership skills.

part 2

 Have you worked to change anything on your unit? Have you seen other nurses change patient care or other functions in your organization? Please describe how the change was accomplished. 

          

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2023 Discussion Write an explanation of the psychometric properties of the assessment tool you were

Nursing 2023 Discussion: Assessment Tools

Discussion Write an explanation of the psychometric properties of the assessment tool you were 2023 Assignment

  

Discussion:

Write an explanation of the psychometric properties of the assessment tool you were assigned. Explain when it is appropriate to use this assessment tool with clients, including whether the tool can be used to evaluate the efficacy of psychopharmacologic medications. Support your approach with evidence-based literature at least three references no more than five years old.

Assigned Assessment Tool:

Michigan Alcohol Screening Test 

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2023 AP Select an infectious disease and research the CDC website for information about the disease its natural history presenting symptoms

Nursing 2023 nursing health promotion/REPLY/WK2

AP Select an infectious disease and research the CDC website for information about the disease its natural history presenting symptoms 2023 Assignment

 

AP

Select an infectious disease and research the CDC website for information about the disease, its natural history, presenting symptoms, and outbreak characteristics. Identify an occurrence of the disease by searching the Internet for recent reports of this disease and compare that episode or occurrence with information from the CDC website.

Acute flaccid myelitis (AFM) is a rare infectious disease that affects the nervous system. The disease cause inflammation to spinal cord predominantly the gray matter, which cause the muscles and reflexes in the body to become weak. According to CDC, there are several probable causes of AFM such as, viruses like  poliovirus and non-polio enteroviruses, West Nile virus, and adenoviruses environmental toxins and genetic disorders.

The symptoms present with sudden onset of upper and lower extremities weakness, loss of muscle tone and reflexes. Some people will also experience facial drooping, ptosis, difficulty moving the eyes, slurred speech, difficulty swallowing, pain in the extremities, and inability to urinate. The most severe affect is respiratory failure.

According to CDC, from August 2014 through September 2018 there’s been a total of 386 confirmed cases, mostly cases involve children. Currently for 2018 with presenting onset of symptoms for September to October 16,2018; there are 62 confirmed cases in 22 state in the U.S.The patients’ symptoms have been most similar to complications of infection with certain viruses, including poliovirus, non-polio enteroviruses, adenoviruses, and West Nile virus. The diagnostic test ran all AFM cases have tested negative for poliovirus. “The increase in AFM cases in 2014 coincided with a national outbreak of severe respiratory illness among people caused by enterovirus D68 (EV-D68). Among the people confirmed with AFM, CDC did not consistently detect EV-D68 in every patient (Acute Flaccid Myelitis, 2018).

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2023 Write a 550 word paper summarizing the path a bill takes to become a law

Nursing 2023 Bill Proposal

Write a 550 word paper summarizing the path a bill takes to become a law 2023 Assignment

 

Write a 550-word paper summarizing the path a bill takes to become a law. Utilize your selected health policy issue as the hypothetical bill when delineating the legislative process.

 Health policy issue: Prescription drug abuse

Include the following in your paper:

Possible political strategies that may be employed to push the proposed bill through the varying stages of the legislative process and keep it from being stalled or killed. 

Why are these strategies the most appropriate?

How will these strategies influence your particular bill?

Using a conceptual model for policy making from p. 64 in Ch. 7 of Policy & Politics, explain why the bill should be placed on the formal agenda for the legislature.

What potential barriers currently exist that could block the bill from being passed? 

How will you keep these barriers from derailing your bills process?

Cite and reference using APA guidelines.

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2023 Please attach a typed 1 2 page to 1 page Word document double spaced that contains the following information What fitness

Nursing 2023 Healthy 1—-What Did You Learn About Your Fitness? (as a woman)

Please attach a typed 1 2 page to 1 page Word document double spaced that contains the following information What fitness 2023 Assignment

Please attach a typed 1/2 page to 1 page Word document (double spaced) that contains the following information:

  1. What fitness activities are you currently participating in?
  2. After reading chapter 2, what did you discover that you were NOT doing correctly (keep the FITT principles in mind).
  3. What fitness Myths did you believe?  (if none – explain how you learned about proper fitness principles)

Don’t have time to exercise? Well here is an article with some good ideas for finding little ways to exercise during a busy day (eh hem, or life). http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=43497

Why do you need to work out?

There are many reasons why it is important to work out but I will focus on the main reasons.

To Delay Death – This may sound morbid but all of us will die. There is no escaping it. . . the death statistics are 100%. The goal is to have the highest quality of life for the longest period of time. By living a healthy and safe lifestyle in a healthy environment we can increase are chances of extending our lifespans and our abilities to be mobile and active through the entirety of our lives. A healthy lifestyle should include exercise to experience the highest level of physical health.

To Avoid Disease & Lower the Risks of Health Problems – To have a high quality of life we ,obviously, would like to avoid diseases. Engaging in many forms of physical activity can have a direct correlation to deterring certain diseases and health problems such as coronary heart disease, hypertension (high blood pressure), diabetes, strokes, heart attacks, osteoporosis, lower back problems, cholesterol level problems and even stress.

To Feel Good About Yourself – Exercise can have a positive effect on your mental outlook and your emotional well-being. When engaging in cardiovascular exercise, chemicals called endorphins are released in the body that create a “feel good” mood and can help to make a person feel less stressed and more relaxed. Exercise can help you sleep better and can even be helpful in treating mild to moderate depression and other mental disorders.

To Control Weight – Exercise can help to “burn” unneeded/excess calories. Excess calories are stored in our bodies as fat cells. In order to take off a pound of fat, your body has to burn 3,500 calories more than the number of calories you are consuming. Aerobic exercise can be used to increase metabolism and burn calories to help reduce weight over time. Even after an aerobic workout session your metabolism stays elevated for several hours, burning more calories. Aerobic exercise also suppresses appetite, so you aren’t as tempted to eat.

Exercise Basics.

Benefits of Exercising, Regularly…

Medical Questionaire

This is for YOUR INFORMATION ONLY – you do not have to turn this in, it is NOT graded… but it is to help you understand if you are MEDICALLY ready to participate in exercise activities.

Please Read and Answer the following questions:

The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q) Being physically active is very safe for most people. Some people, however, should check with their doctors before they increase their current level of activity. The PAR-Q has been designed to identify the small number of adults for whom physical activity may be inappropriate or those who should have medical advice concerning the type of activity most suitable for them.

Answer yes or no to the following questions:

  1. Has your doctor ever said that you have a heart condition and that you should only do physical activity recommended by a doctor?
  2. Do you feel pain in your chest when you do physical activity?
  3. In the past month, have you had chest pain when you were not doing physical activity?
  4. Do you lose your balance because of dizziness or do you ever lose consciousness?
  5. Do you have a bone or joint problem that could be made worse by a change in your physical activity?
  6. Is your doctor currently prescribing drugs (for example, water pills) for your blood pressure or heart condition?
  7. Do you know of any other reason why you should not do physical activity?

If you answered yes: If you answered yes to one or more questions, are older than age 40 and have been inactive or are concerned about your health, consult a physician before taking a fitness test or substantially increasing your physical activity. You should ask for a medical clearance along with information about specific exercise limitations you may have.

In most cases, you will still be able to do any type of activity you want as long as you adhere to some guidelines.

If you answered no: If you answered no to all the PAR-Q questions, you can be reasonably sure that you can exercise safely and have low risk of having any medical complications from exercise. It is still important to start slowing and increase gradually. It may also be helpful to have a fitness assessment with a personal trainer or coach in order to determine where to begin.

When to delay the start of an exercise program:

  • If you are not feeling well because of a temporary illness, such as a cold or a fever, wait until you feel better to begin exercising.
  • If you are or may be pregnant, talk with your doctor before you start becoming more active.

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