No plagiarism please.

Will need minimum of 150 words for each response, APA Style, double spaced, times new roman, font 12, and and Include: (1 reference for each response within years 2015-2018) with intext citations. 

Sexuality affects individuals and society across a broad spectrum of activities through health, but also through factors at multiple levels, such as gender relations, reproduction, and economics. Physiologic, behavioral, and affective measurement of sexuality and sexual behavior is complicated by cultural values and norms but is essential to individual health (including happiness) as well as public health. Cultural or structural norms that stigmatize aspects of sexuality, such as sexual orientation, have adverse effects on individuals across their lifespan, with homophobia being a prominent example of such.

Discussion:

Discuss how one’s age, race, lifestyle, and demographics have an impact on your choice to complete a sexual history when working in the primary care setting with women across a lifespan. 

 Peer Post. I need Peer Response for this post: 

#1

Every person we interact with in practice is unique and requires unique attention in order to properly be treated for their medical problems. Small details of their life affect what we prescribe and how successful it will be for that individual. Making sure we are able to initiate and complete a full sexual history is important in addressing sexual health concerns, as most people do not willingly bring up sexual health issues unless there is an obvious issue such as infection or pain. The World Health Organization defined sexual health as, “a state of complete physical, mental and social wellbeing and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity in all matters relating to the reproductive system and to its function and processes” (Ariin, 2015, p. 1).

In regards to my personal opinion on sexual history and health, I find it just as important as any other aspect of their life. While establishing a new patient, I try to ask every woman of childbearing age if they are sexually active in order to open up the conversation to potential questions or concerns they may have. As a majority of our job is education, this is the ideal time to talk about sexually transmitted infections/diseases (STI/STD’s) and help prevent significant comorbidities related to infections in adolescents and young women (Rosenthal et al., 1997). Sexually transmitted diseases cause a large amount of emotional distress and tend to be higher in certain populations such as low-income and undereducated.

Despite major public health efforts that address the varied diseased caused by sexually transmitted diseases, rates of infections are on the rise globally (Haghir et al., 2018).  Providers in the clinic should be focused on adolescents and young women who may partake in high-risk behaviors that are strongly associated with STD acquisition and spread. Educational pamphlets may be beneficial if time does not allow for in-depth conversations in the clinic.

#2

How age, race, lifestyle, and demographics impact the choice to complete a sexual history when working in the primary care.

Age

  One’s age play an important role in determining the kind of care that an individual receives. Adolescents for example if given a choice to make their own choices in performing certain gynecological exams. The age at which the patient first started the examination also plays an important role. Young children may refuse examination compared to older adult. On the other hand, geriatric patients with advanced age impact examination especially if the patients have debilitating and chronic conditions. On the other hand adolescence find it difficult to disclose their sexuality.

 Race and Lifestyle

According to Prather et al, 2016, racial needs varies when it comes to the health assessment of a female patient. Some cultures consider their sexuality sacred and do not feel comfortable performing sexual assessment and examination. Primary care providers need to be aware of patient cultures and belief in order to provide adequate care in a non-judgmental manner. Different race and cultures view sexual history differently. Some races are unable to disclose their sexual history because of fear of getting shunned in the community or the family.

Demographics

Patient demographics is one factor that plays an important in the choice of examination to be done. Multiculturalism affects the kind of illnesses as well as mortality and morbidity and as a result it forces people to adapt different cultures impacting the examination to be performed.(Ferguson,& Chor,2018). Patients from certain regions do not accepts some examination and are less likely to allow healthcare professionals to perform certain tests based on nationality. The United States is one of the country that is more accepting different sexuality. Approaching human sexuality needs understanding

 PLEASE RESPOND TO THE PEER DISCUSSION BELOW.

By searching the Agency for healthcare Research and Quality grants database. I found one grant titled “Impact of Atypcial Antipsychotic Use on Health Care Utilization in the Elderly”(APARASU, ). This grant aims to describe the use of atypical antipsychotic agents in the elderly, overall number of elderly on this medication, and compare that usage to olanzapine, risperidone, and quetiapine. The age group in 65 years or older and the study hypothesis is that overall use of atypical antipsychotic use is more than typical antipsychotic use (APARASU, ).

            In order to search for a grant like this one using grant databases is key. Grant.gov is one area to look and AHRQ is another. I have noticed that more healthcare grants are on AHRQ than on Grant.gov. Using the key terms used in my research article I was able to narrow it down to a few grants available. In order to apply you would need to complete the SF424 form which is the initial application, PHS 398 if the funding opportunity announcement requires it, RPPR which is the research performance progress report guide, and the noncompeting progress report for muli-year funded award (Grant application forms.2015). While this is specific to this grant it is important to fully understand the grant requirements, demographics, and hypothesis of the grant in order to ensure it aligns with your own.

Required Resources
Read/review the following resources for this activity:

• Textbook: Chapter 6
• Lesson
• Minimum of 1 scholarly source 

Initial Post Instructions
For the initial post, respond to one of the following options:

1. Define the Confucian terms: ren, yi, li, zhi, and xin. Choose one of these principles and examine how it contributes to social harmony.
2. What is wuwei? How does this ideal contribute to harmony with heaven? How does the Daoist idea of wuwei compare to Confucian notions of how one should live in the world?

Follow-Up Post Instructions
Respond to at least two peers or one peer and the instructor. Respond to a peer who chose an option different from the one you chose. Further the dialogue by providing more information and clarification.

Writing Requirements

• Minimum of 3 posts
• Initial Post Length: 200-300 words
• APA format for in-text citations and list of references

Grading
This activity will be graded using the Discussion Grading Rubric. Please review the following link:

• Link (webpage): Discussion Guidelines

Resources:

 Molloy, M. (2013). Experiencing the world’s religions (6th ed.). New York City, NY: McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

he rigor with the research is a term, which is used to reveal the accuracy of the research. With respect to both qualitative and quantitative aspects, the research is considered as rigorous if it is valid and reliable. It is important for the researchers to use the standard method for data collection, data interpretation as well as analysis of data. On the other hand, the reliability is described as the extent of the research instrument to provide accurate and consistent outcomes. It is an important characteristic of research and different methods are used for this purpose. The test-retest approach is used for testing the stability reliability. The test retest approach is implemented for testing of any concept (Connelly, 2016).

In this context, the concept of internal consistency is used for the measurement of the accuracy and rigor of the research. In the quantitative studies, the validity of the instrument is measured and validity is described as measurement of accuracy of instrument to measure. The validity is divided into four types. Among these types, the content validity is used to evaluate whether the instrument is comprised of all the prime components, which are imperative for measurement. The face validity is related to overview of the instrument to check whether it looks appropriate or not. The criteria based validity is another type of validity, which is used to check the scores of the test and evaluate the performance (Lohfield, 2012). Another type is the construct validity, which is used to check whether the instrument is effective to measure the theoretical component or not.

On the other hand, in case of the qualitative studies, rigor is described as management of the trustworthiness. This concept is related to the establishment of the dependability, transferability, credibility, and conformability of the research. All these aspects must be maintained to avoid any kind of bias. For this purpose, there is need of extensive level of awareness. If a researcher have extensive knowledge and awareness, rigor of research (Connelly, 2016). For the purpose of trustworthiness, extensive research is required, which can also improve rigor of the research. The section of the research tool is another factor affecting the validity of research and thus, an appropriate research tool must be selected. Furthermore, selection of a large sample size is the most effective approach. To increase validity, a researcher should make sure they have a very good research tool (Lohfield, 2012). To increase reliability, it is best to use a large sample size in the study. 

References

Connelly, L. M. (2016). Trustworthiness in qualitative research. Medsurg Nursing, 25(6), 435.

Lohfield, L. (2012). Testing the validity of a scenerio based questionnaire to assess the ethical sensitvity of undergraduate medical students. Medical Teacher, 34(8), 635-642.