I need the following questions answered in 150 words each. Please answer questions as asked with no omissions and please attach references with each question. PLEASE, NO PLAGIARIZED WORK

MODULE 1

Q1

Statistics is an important component of public health. Explain the relevance of statistics in the planning, implementation, and evaluation of a health promotion intervention. How do you envision using statistics in your current or future career?

Q2

Describe the difference between quantitative and qualitative methods. Explain how each are used in public health.

RESOURCES

Read Chapter 1 in Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences.

View “The Human Insights Missing From Big Data,” by Wang (2016), located on the TED website.

URL: https://www.ted.com/talks/tricia_wang_the_human_insights_missing_from_big_data

Read “Statistics and Public Health at CDC,” by Sieber, Green, and Williamson (2006), located on the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.

URL:https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/su5502a9.htm

View “Why You Should Love Statistics,” by Smith (2017), located on the YouTube website.

URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ogeGJS0GEF4&feature=youtu.be

View the following terms in The Visual Learner: Statistics media.

1. Statistics

2. Data

3. Continuous Data

4. Discrete Data

5. Interval Level

6. Ordinal Data

7. Nominal Data

8. Population

9. Sample

10. Parameter

11. Statistic

URL: http://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/the-visual-learner/the-visual-learner-v2.1.html

Read “Integrating Quantitative and Qualitative Data in Mixed Methods Research – Challenges and Benefits,” by Almalki, from Journal of Education and Learning (2016).

URL: http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1110464.pdf

SPSS Statistics will be used to complete some of the case study assignments for this course. Refer to “Using Citrix Workspace” in the GCU Technical Support Help Center for assistance with installing the Citrix Workspace App and preparing for SPSS files.

URL: https://support.gcu.edu/hc/en-us/articles/201144000-Using-Citrix-Workspace

After Citrix has been installed on your computer, you may access SPSS Statistics at https://myapps.gcu.edu.

Read “Quantitative and Qualitative Methods for Public Health,” from PH717 Module 1B – Descriptive Tools: Descriptive Epidemiology and Descriptive Statistics, located on the Boston University Medical Campus, School of Public Health website (2019).

URL: https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/PH717-QuantCore/PH717-Module1B-DescriptiveStudies_and_Statistics/PH717-Module1B-DescriptiveStudies_and_Statistics9.html

MODULE 2

Q1

Frequency distributions can be graphed with bar charts, histograms or polygons. Choose one variable from the “Health Behavior Data Set” and discuss which type of graph is appropriate and why. Refer to section 2.3 in the Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences textbook as needed for assistance.

Q2

The mean, median, and mode are measures of central tendency. Explain why these measures are crucial to public health data analysis.

STUDY MATERIALS

Read Chapters 2, 3, and 5 (section 5.1) in Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences. URL: 

http://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/macmillan-learning/2016/using-and-interpreting-statistics_a-practical-text-for-the-behavioral-social-and-health-sciences_ebook_3e.php

Read “Data Collection for Program Evaluation,” located on the Northwest Center for Public Health Practice website (2019). URL: https://www.nwcphp.org/docs/data_collection/data_collection_toolkit.pdf

Read “Statistical Methods Used in the Public Health Literature and Implications for Training of Public Health Professionals,” by Hayat, Powell, Johnson, and Cadwell, from PLoS One (2017). URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5462407/

View the following tutorials from the SPSS Tutorials media.

1. Frequency Tables and Histograms

2. Descriptive Statistics

URL:https://www.gcumedia.com/lms-resources/student-success-center/v3.1/#/media-element/CHSS;CONHCP/1DF486B2-8C58-E811-B595-005056BDD6DE

View the following terms in The Visual Learner: Statistics media.

1. Confounding

2. Histogram

View the following calculations in The Visual Learner: Statistics media.

1. Frequency Distribution

2. Measure of Center “Mean”

3. Measure of Center “Median”

4. Measure of Center “Mode”

5. Range and Standard Deviation

6. Variance

URL: http://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/the-visual-learner/the-visual-learner-v2.1.html

You will use Microsoft Excel for your assignment, and you will need to enable to Data Analysis ToolPak add-in. The “Enabling Data Analysis ToolPak” guide located on the GCU Technical Support website, contains instructions for the add-in for both PC and Mac.

URL: https://support.gcu.edu/hc/en-us/articles/360039768454-Excel-Add-ins

You will use Microsoft Excel for your assignment, and you will need to enable to Data Analysis ToolPak add-in. The “Enabling Data Analysis ToolPak” guide located on the GCU Technical Support website, contains instructions for the add-in for both PC and Mac. URL: https://support.gcu.edu/hc/en-us/articles/360039768454-Excel-Add-ins

View “The Beginner’s Guide to Excel – Excel Basics Tutorial,” by Technology for Teachers and Students (2017), located on the YouTube website. URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rwbho0CgEAE&feature=youtu.be

MODULE 3

Q1

Summarize the six steps of hypothesis testing. Propose a scenario in which hypothesis testing is applied to public health data.

Q2

Compare and contrast descriptive and inferential statistics. Discuss why both descriptive and inferential statistics are used in the analysis of public health data.

STUDY MATERIALS

Read Chapters 6 in Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences.

URL:http://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/macmillan-learning/2016/using-and-interpreting-statistics_a-practical-text-for-the-behavioral-social-and-health-sciences_ebook_3e.php.

Read “Significance,” by Frey, from The SAGE Encyclopedia of Educational Research, Measurement, and Evaluation (2018).

URL: https://methods.sagepub.com/reference/the-sage-encyclopedia-of-educational-research-measurement-and-evaluation/i18904.xml

Read “Chapter 12 Descriptive Statistics,” by McGregor, from Understanding and Evaluating Research: A Critical Guide (2018).

URL: https://methods-sagepub-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/book/understanding-and-evaluating-research/i2843.xml

View “Statistical Significance, the Null Hypothesis and P-Values Defined and Explained in One Minute,” by One Minute Economics (2018), located on the YouTube website.

URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nb75_GFPD9A&feature=youtu.be

View “SPSS for Beginners 1: Introduction,” by Research Design (2011), located on the YouTube website.

URL: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ADDR3_Ng5CA&feature=youtu.be

View the following tutorials from the SPSS Tutorials media.

1. Frequency Tables and Histograms

2. Descriptive Statistics

URL: https://www.gcumedia.com/lms-resources/student-success-center/v3.1/#/media-element/CHSS;CONHCP/1DF486B2-8C58-E811-B595-005056BDD6DE

SPSS Statistics will be used to complete some of the case study assignments for this course. Refer to “Using Citrix Workspace” in the GCU Technical Support Help Center for assistance with installing the Citrix Workspace App and preparing for SPSS files.

URL: https://support.gcu.edu/hc/en-us/articles/201144000-Using-Citrix-Workspace

After Citrix has been installed on your computer, you may access SPSS Statistics at https://myapps.gcu.edu.

View “Introduction to SPSS,” by GCU Academics – Nursing (2020). Use this resource to assist you in completing the topic assignment.

URL: https://www.gcumedia.com/lms-resources/student-success-center/v3.1/#/media-element/CONHCP/62DF3BAF-5A03-EB11-9111-005056BDE9D6

MODULE 4

Q1

Correlation is a common statistic to measure a general linear relationship between two variables. Explain why correlation does not equal causation.

Q2

Explain the differences between parametric and nonparametric tests. How do you determine if a parametric or nonparametric test should be used when analyzing data?

STUDY MATERIALS

Read Chapters 13 and 15in Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences.

URL: http://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/macmillan-learning/2016/using-and-interpreting-statistics_a-practical-text-for-the-behavioral-social-and-health-sciences_ebook_3e.php

Read “Correlation of Sleep Quality With Physical Activity and Memory Among Young Adults,” by Dubey, Tiwari, and Siddiqui, from Indian Journal of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy (2019).

URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=135203343&site=ehost-live&scope=site&custid=s8333196&groupid=main&profile=ehost

Read “The Role of Community-Wide Wearing of Face Mask for Control of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Epidemic Due to SARS-CoV-2,” by Cheng et al., from Journal of Infection (2020).

URL: https://www-sciencedirect-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/science/article/pii/S0163445320302358?via%3Dihub

Explore the “Adolescent and School Health” page located on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website.

URL: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/

Utilize topics from the Loom Help Center website for assistance on installing Loom software and software usage.

URL: https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/opentest-inc/2018/loom_1e.php

View “Conducting a Pearson Correlation and Chi-Square Test in SPSS,” by GCU Academics – Nursing (2020). Use this resource to assist you in completing the topic assignment.

URL: https://www.gcumedia.com/lms-resources/student-success-center/?mediaElement=210EADEC-5A03-EB11-9111-005056BDE9D6

MODULE 5

Q1

Compare the various types of ANOVA by discussing when each is most appropriate for use. Include specific examples to illustrate the appropriate use of each test and how interaction is assessed using ANOVA.

Q2 

When analyzing public health data, describe the steps you would take to determine what statistical test to conduct. Discuss the impact of data type on test selection.

STUDY MATERIALS

Read Chapters 7-12 in Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences.

URL:http://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/macmillan-learning/2016/using-and-interpreting-statistics_a-practical-text-for-the-behavioral-social-and-health-sciences_ebook_3e.php

View the following tutorials from the SPSS Tutorials media.

1. One-Sample t-Test

2. Matched Pairs t-Test

3. Independent Samples t-Test

4. One-Way ANOVA

5. Two-Way ANOVA-Between Groups

URL:https://www.gcumedia.com/lms-resources/student-success-center/v3.1/#/media-element/CHSS;CONHCP/1DF486B2-8C58-E811-B595-005056BDD6DE

View the following calculations in The Visual Learner: Statistics media.

1. Introduction to t-test

2. One Sample t-Test

3. Two Sample t-Test

4. One Way ANOVA

5. Effect Size One Way ANOVA

6. Two Way ANOVA

7. Effect Size Two Way ANOVA

URL: http://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/the-visual-learner/the-visual-learner-v2.1.html

Read “Changing the Face of Health Education via Health Interventions: Social Ecological Perspectives on New Media Technologies and Elementary Nutrition Education,” by Bissell, Baker, Pember, Zhang, and Yang, from Health Communication (2019).

URL: https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/10410236.2018.1507659

Read “Can a Community-Led Intervention Offering Social Support and Health Education Improve Maternal Health? A Repeated Measures Evaluation of the PACT Project Run in a Socially Deprived London Borough,” from Brown, Luderowski, Namusisi-Riley, Moore-Shelley, and Bolton, from International Journal of Environmental and Public Health (2020).

URL: https://search-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/docview/2393647115?accountid=7374

Read “Choosing the Correct Statistical Test in SAS, STATA, SPSS and R,” by Leeper, from Choosing the Right Statistic, located on the UCLA Institute for Digital Research and Education Statistical Consulting website.

URL: https://stats.idre.ucla.edu/other/mult-pkg/whatstat/

Read “Variables Associated With Job Satisfaction Among Mental Health Professionals,” by Fleur, Grenier, Bamvita, and Farand, from PLoS ONE (2018).

URL: https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/docview/2122532147?accountid=7374

Examine the general information about the “Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System” survey, located on the Adolescent and School Health (2018) page of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.

URL: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyYouth/data/yrbs/index.htm

Review the documentation and questionnaires provided in “YRBSS Data and Documentation” (2018), located on the National YRBS Datasets and Documentation page on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.

URL: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/data.htm

Read “2015 YRBS Data User’s Guide” (2016), located on the Adolescent and School Health page of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.

URL: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/pdf/2015/2015_yrbs-data-users_guide_smy_combined.pdf

Read the “2015 State and Local Youth Risk Behavior Survey” (YRBS), located on the Adolescent and School Health page of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.

URL: https://www.cdc.gov/healthyyouth/data/yrbs/questionnaires.htm

Utilize topics from the Loom Help Center website for assistance on installing Loom software and software usage.

URL: https://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/opentest-inc/2018/loom_1e.php

View “Conducting a t-Test and ANOVA in SPSS,” by GCU Academics – Nursing (2020). Use this resource to assist you in completing the topic assignment.

URL: https://www.gcumedia.com/lms-resources/student-success-center/?mediaElement=6616F929-5B03-EB11-9111-005056BDE9D6

MODULE 6

Q1

Given the limited amount of statistical calculations required by some public health positions, explain why it is important for you to know how to utilize appropriate software to analyze public health data. Support your ideas with reasons, facts, and examples.

Q2

Discuss three strengths of the linear regression? Identify a peer-reviewed study that uses linear regression in its analysis. Explain why linear regression was used and discuss one challenge in interpreting the results. Include the permalink with your citation.

STUDY MATERIALS

Read Chapter 14 and 16 in Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences.

URL: http://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/macmillan-learning/2016/using-and-interpreting-statistics_a-practical-text-for-the-behavioral-social-and-health-sciences_ebook_3e.php

View the Linear Correlation tutorial in the SPSS Tutorials media.

URL: https://www.gcumedia.com/lms-resources/student-success-center/v3.1/#/media-element/CHSS;CONHCP/1DF486B2-8C58-E811-B595-005056BDD6DE

View the calculations for “Linear Regression” in The Visual Learner: Statistics media.

URL: http://lc.gcumedia.com/hlt362v/the-visual-learner/the-visual-learner-v2.1.html

Read “How to Control Confounding Effects by Statistical Analysis,” by Pourhoseingholi, Baghestani, and Vahedi, from Gastroenterology and Hepatology From Bed to Bench (2012).

URL: https://www-ncbi-nlm-nih-gov.lopes.idm.oclc.org/pmc/articles/PMC4017459/

Read “Variables Associated With Job Satisfaction Among Mental Health Professionals,” by Fleury, Grenier, Bamvita and Farand, from PLoS ONE (2018).

URL: https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/docview/2122532147?accountid=7374

MODULE 7

Q1

Describe three methods for qualitative data collection and discuss an example of when each method would be used.

Q2

Describe the process of coding qualitative data. Identify the distinguishing factors between inductive and deductive coding.

STUDY MATERIALS

Read “Comparison Between Qualitative Research and Quantitative Research,” in Chapter 6 and read Chapter 8 in GCU Doctoral Research: Quantitative and Qualitative Research Concepts.

This textbook references an assigned dissertation. You are not required to complete a dissertation for this course.

URL: http://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/grand-canyon-university/2015/gcu-doctoral-research_quantitative-and-qualitative-research-concepts_ebook_1e.php

Read “A Review of Qualitative Data Analysis Practices in Health Education and Health Behavior Research,” by Raskind et al., from Health Education and Behavior (2019), available as authors manuscript from PubMed Central (PMC), located on the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) website.

URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6386595/pdf/nihms-990092.pdf.

Review “Quantitative and Qualitative Methods for Public Health,” from PH717 Module 1B – Descriptive Tools: Descriptive Epidemiology and Descriptive Statistics, located on the Boston University Medical Campus, School of Public Health website (2019).

URL: https://sphweb.bumc.bu.edu/otlt/MPH-Modules/PH717-QuantCore/PH717-Module1B-DescriptiveStudies_and_Statistics/PH717-Module1B-DescriptiveStudies_and_Statistics9.html

Read “Lessons Learned in Promoting Evidence-Based Public Health: Perspectives From Managers in State Public Health Departments,” by Allen et al., from Journal of Community Health (2018).

URL: https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/docview/2009849333?accountid=7374

Read “Section 15: Qualitative Methods to Assess Community Issues,” from “Chapter 3: Assessing Community Needs and Resources,” of the Community Assessment toolkit, located on the Community Tool Box website.

URL: https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/assessment/assessing-community-needs-and

Read “Focus Groups Inform a Mobile Health Intervention to Promote Adherence to a Mediterranean Diet and Engagement in Physical Activity Among People Living With HIV,” by Henry, Quintana, Moore, Garcia, and Montoya, from BMC Public Health (2019).

URL: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-018-6386-5

MODULE 8

Q1

Refer back to your response to Topic 1 DQ 1: “Statistics is an important component of public health. Explain the relevance of statistics in the planning, implementation and evaluation of a health promotion intervention. How do you envision using statistics in your current or future career?” After completing the course, how has your vision changed regarding the role statistics will have in your current or future career?

Q2

Discuss an ethical challenge you might face as a researcher when collecting and analyzing data from human subjects. What is an IRB and why is it necessary?

STUDY MATERIALS

Review Chapter 16 in Using and Interpreting Statistics: A Practical Text for the Behavioral, Social, and Health Sciences.

URL:http://www.gcumedia.com/digital-resources/macmillan-learning/2016/using-and-interpreting-statistics_a-practical-text-for-the-behavioral-social-and-health-sciences_ebook_3e.php

View “Talk Nerdy to Me,” by Marshall (2012), located on the TED website.

URL: https://www.ted.com/talks/melissa_marshall_talk_nerdy_to_me

Read “Conducting High-Value Secondary Dataset Analysis: An Introductory Guide and Resources,” by Smith et al., from Journal of General Internal Medicine (2011).

URL: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3138974/

Read “Successful Scientific Writing and Publishing: A Step-by-Step Approach,” By Iskander, Wolicki, Leeb, and Siegel, from Tools and Techniques (2018), located on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) website.

URL: https://www.cdc.gov/pcd/issues/2018/18_0085.htm

Read “The Belmont Report,” by the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare (1979), located on the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) website.

URL: https://www.hhs.gov/ohrp/sites/default/files/the-belmont-report-508c_FINAL.pdf

Read “IRB FAQs” on the IRB Institutional Review Board, located on the Grand Canyon University website.

URL: https://cirt.gcu.edu/irb_documents/irbstudentresearchersfaqsdocx

In 500‐750 words (not including the title page and reference page),   apply a change model to the implementation plan. Include the following:

1. Rogers’ diffusion of innovation theory is a particularly good     theoretical framework to apply to an EBP project. However, students     may also choose to use change models, such as Duck’s change curve     model or the transtheoretical model of behavioral change. Other     conceptual models presented such as a utilization model (Stetler’s     model) and EBP models (the Iowa model and ARCC model) can also be     used as a framework for applying your evidence‐based intervention in     clinical practice.
2. Apply one of the above models and carry     your implementation through each of the stages, phases, or steps     identified in the chosen model.
3. In addition, create a     conceptual model of the project. Although you will not be submitting     the conceptual model you design in Topic 5 with the narrative, the     conceptual model should be placed in the appendices for the final   paper.

1) 

Do you feel it is better to allow individuals the freedom to choose any type of  (or no) health insurance coverage available to them or to increase government involvement in a person’s/family’s healthcare via mandates, such as the ACA and/or the government as a single insurer for all residents.  Why?      

2.)

 Discuss the mission of the Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) and the Center for Medicare & Medicaid Innovation (CMMI).  

3.)

If you could reform the malpractice or tort laws, what types of changes would you make? When do you feel it is appropriate for someone to claim damages from medical procedures or treatment? Do you feel there should be a cap on the payments, and if so, how would you decide what that cap would be? What are all the different costs involved in medical malpractice suites? Is it easier to talk about tort reform than to actually try to define it?          

 4. )  The rights of people once they have been incarcerated can be a controversial topic of      discussion. Discuss the healthcare rights of the incarcerated population. What do you feel should or should not be provided to those who are imprisoned? Are there certain tests or procedures that they feel should be performed routinely? Why or why not? What is the nurse’s role, based on the section on page 248?  

APA format word document, Arial 12 font, attached to the forum tab in the discussion board.    A minimum of 3 evidence-based references no older than 5 years  (excluding the class textbook) are required. You must post at least two replies to any or your peers sustained with the proper references.  A minimum of 600 words are required (excluding first and last page).

 

Week 6: Collaboration Cafe: Closing the Project (graded)

33 unread replies.33 replies.

The term closing for projects is a misnomer. Many times, the PM and/or the team were the champions of the change and you drove the passion and motivation. Far too many amazing projects revert back to the prior status quo not long after the PM team has moved onto their next project. Just because you and your team have done a great job in planning and executing the project and it was running well when you left, doesn’t mean that you can just assume it will continue successfully. How do we sustain the practice change that we sought to make? When you’re gone and onto your next project, what will happen to the one you just closed? What strategies have you put in place to ensure the long-term success and sustainability of your project? When you check back in after a year, what will it look like?