Respond to your colleagues, offering additional/alternative ideas regarding opportunities and risks related to the observations shared.

At least 2 references in each peer responses!

In 2009, Congress passed the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (HITECH), part of the American Reinvestment and Recovery Act, so healthcare facilities will adopt and incorporate meaningful use of health information technology (IT). At first only a small number of hospitals had any kind of electronic health records (EHR), but RAND Corporation studies showed success, which motivated other companies to follow (Reider, 2018). However, RAND studies were not accurate predictors of widespread success due to unintended consequences, safety, and efficiency concerns (Reider, 2018).

Hackers come from all across the globe. In fact, the Pentagon is a very common target for hackers because it is the Defense Department. Not long ago 30,000 plus Pentagon employees’ personal information was exposed due to contractor breach (Martindale, 2018).   Naturally Pentagon officials downplayed the event, and it makes one wonder how much national security information was exposed to foreign powers due to data leaks (Martindale, 2018). 

Hospitals are also common targets due to multitudes of clients containing personal information that can be sold on the Dark Web to hackers around the world, and antiquated software making them vulnerable (Garrity, 2019).  In fact, where I work, Winter Haven Hospital is still using Windows 7 as an operating system, which is not even supported by Microsoft anymore.

With these issues in mind, imagine the potential if hackers had to access prescriber accounts, and prescriptions, especially narcotics. I do not think many hackers have thought of this, because they are more apt to steal from bank accounts and credit cards. Considering the opioid epidemic and the street value of narcotics, it surprises me this sort of hacking is not more commonplace. This indicates to me that most hackers are not sophisticated and lack creativity.  However, be assured they are out there, only not as common; the sophisticated hacker is more attracted to infrastructure manipulation instead due to varients of Stuxnet malware.  Stuxnet would be too difficult to discuss here, but it illustrates how powerful computer hacking can be when it can take down electrical grids.  Computer technology, indeed, released a Pandora’s box.   

This paper will have an 8-page narrative (8 pages maximum – 5 point deduction for over page limit) plus a title page, abstract page, and reference list. 

You must use a minimum of four original research articles for your paper.

The purpose is to write a review of the literature on to answer your PICOT question using original research evidence. Discuss how this health problem is applicable in both the United States and a non-USA country, and appraise four original research studies on this topic.

This is a scholarly paper, written as if it was a “Review of the Literature” article published in a nursing journal. Select articles published within the past five years (2014 to present).
Do not use a non-peer review journal. Do not use a literature review article or systematic review article or clinical protocols as one of your articles. At least TWO of the four original research report articles MUST BE authored by nurses and published in a peer-reviewed nursing journal.  At least ONE of the two nursing research studies must address nursing practice in a non-USA country.

• Page 1: Title page Create a title for your paper. Refer to your APA Manual.
• Page 2: Abstract The abstract should open with a sentence that will serve as an introduction to and purpose of the paper. Then describe what is in each part of the paper. An abstract is usually a brief outline of the contents of the paper that typically does not exceed 250 words. At the end of the abstract place the phrase Key Words, and denote 3-4 keywords that would describe your paper (as for publication and indexing in CINAHL or PubMed).
• Pages 3-11: Narrative
  
  • Heading: Significance and Background: Start the paper with a short paragraph that introduces the health problem in your PICOT question. (Approximately ½-page).
  • Heading: Purpose: Clearly define the global health problem, and discuss why it is important for nursing (why you are discussing this topic).  Discuss what is known about this problem in the United States and in a non-USA country.  For example, if the focus is adult hypertension, discuss guidelines for defining hypertension in the US and in a non-USA country.  (Approximately 1 page).
  • Heading: Methods: Discuss the methods used to select the following research studies.
    Next use the subheading:
    • Sub-headings: Study #1: Nursing research Study in the USA (Approximately 1½ pages)
    • Sub-headings: Study #2: Nursing Research Study Non-USA (Approximately 1½ pages)
    • Sub-headings: Study #3: Nursing Research Study USA or Non-USA (Approximately 1½ pages)
    • Sub-headings: Study #4: Nursing Research Study USA or Non-USA (Approximately 1½ pages)
  • Heading: Conclusion.  Summarize the key points from your discussion. How would you translate (use) the new evidence found from your appraisals to change practice or answer your PICOT question? (Approximately 1 page).
• Page 12+: Reference page: Refer to your APA Manual.

This review is a scholarly paper in APA format and with at least three APA references (two articles and textbook), cited both in the text and the reference page.

No plagiarism please.  

Will need minimum of 300 words, APA Style, double spaced, times new roman, font 12, and Include: (3 references within years 2015-2018) with intext citations. 

Topic 1: Access to Primary Care for All?

To what extent is primary care accessible to all populations in this country?

Answer the following in your discussion:

 Use the below headings while answering the questions.   

• What are the main barriers to accessing primary care?
• What is being done to solve this problem?
• What else can be done?
• How are NPs making a difference?
• What does the literature say about the NPs ability to provide primary care?
• What does the literature report as comparisons between primary care provided by an NP versus a physician?

As pressures and demands for more standardized business structures fluctuate in society, health care administration leaders may experience challenges in developing consistent methods for solving health care administration problems. Though consistency may be necessary for enacting change, within many areas and localities, consistency may not be an option. As a result, a leader must be able to use a systems thinking approach to evaluate the best method for leadership contingent upon the circumstance.

For this Discussion, select a current event related to health care administration and leadership not previously discussed in earlier weeks. With the event you selected, reflect on how you might apply Fiedler’s Contingency Model. Consider the actions and interactions between leaders and subordinates with the application of this model.

Post a brief description of the event you selected. Then, explain whether the leader’s interaction with his or her subordinates was task-motivated or relationship-motivated. Justify your answer based on Fiedler’s Contingency Model.

Discussion 1

TedTalk: Ben Goldacre: Battling Bad Science 

How do you know something?

Babbie (2016) stated, “social theory has to do with what is, not with what should be. For many centuries, however, social theory did not distinguish between these two orientations. Social philosophers liberally mixed their observations of what happened around them, their speculations about why, and their ideas about how things ought to be. Although modern social researchers may do the same from time to time, as scientists they focus on how things actually are and why” (pg. 9).

If social researchers ‘focus on how things actually are and why’, why are we considering the information provided in the TedTalk, Battling Bad Science?

Discussion 2

What is inductive reasoning and why is it associated with qualitative research? 

What is deductive reasoning and why is it associated with quantitative research? 

And to move this discussion even further, what is abductive reasoning?