Based on the required topic study materials, write a reflection about worldview and respond to following:

1. In 250-300 words, explain the Christian perspective of the nature of spirituality and ethics in contrast to the perspective of postmodern relativism within health care.
2. In 250-300 words, explain what scientism is and describe two of the main arguments against it.
3. In 750-1,000 words, answer each of the worldview questions according to your own personal perspective and worldview:
   1. What is ultimate reality?
   2. What is the nature of the universe?
   3. What is a human being?
   4. What is knowledge?
   5. What is your basis of ethics?
   6. What is the purpose of your existence?

Remember to support your reflection with the topic study materials.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Refer to the LopesWrite Technical Support articles for assistance.

 

“Professional Roles and Responsibilities”

Family nurse practitioners (FNPs) are graduate-educated, nationally-certified and state licensed advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) who care for medically stable patients across the lifespan, from infants to geriatric patients.

Share your thoughts

1. What are the educational requirements to practice as a FNP?
2. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), what is the recommended terminal degree to prepare nurse practitioners.
3. Who determines the scope of practice for FNPs?
4. Who defines it? Who Credentials and what is the role of a Professional and Political Organization in defining the role?

  

Discussion Grading Criteria:Agreeing and disagreeing do not mean just voicing one’s opinion. The focus of the discussions should remain on the ideas posed in the readings. Agreeing and disagreeing mean making scholarly arguments from the literature that may support your own ideas. Faculty expects you to support your ideas from the readings or similar scholarly writing about the topic in nursing literature. Always cite your source(s).

  

Your quest to purchase a new car begins with an identification of the factors important to you. As you conduct a search of cars that rate high on those factors, you collect evidence and try to understand the extent of that evidence. A report that suggests a certain make and model of the automobile has high mileage is encouraging. But who produced that report? How valid is it? How was the data collected, and what was the sample size?

In this Assignment, you will delve deeper into clinical inquiry by closely examining your PICO(T) question. You also begin to analyze the evidence you have collected.

To Prepare:

• Review the Resources and identify a clinical issue of interest that can form the basis of a      clinical inquiry.
• Develop a PICO(T) question to address the clinical issue of interest you identified in Module 2 for the      Assignment. This PICOT question will remain the same for the entire course.
• Use the keywords from the PICO(T) question you developed and search at least four different databases in the Walden Library. Identify at least four relevant systematic reviews or other filtered high-level evidence, which includes meta-analyses, critically-appraised topics (evidence syntheses), critically-appraised individual articles (article synopses). The evidence will not necessarily address all the elements of your PICO(T) question, so select the most important concepts to search and find the best evidence available.
• Reflect on the process of creating a PICO(T) question and searching for peer-reviewed research.

The Assignment (Evidence-Based Project)

Part 2: Advanced Levels of Clinical Inquiry and Systematic Reviews

Create a 6- to 7-slide PowerPoint presentation in which you do the following:

• Identify and briefly describe your chosen clinical issue of interest.
• Describe how you developed a      PICO(T) question focused on your chosen clinical issue of interest.
• Identify the four research databases that you used to conduct your search for the peer-reviewed articles you selected.
• Provide APA citations of the four relevant peer-reviewed articles at the systematic-reviews level related to your research question. If there are no systematic review level articles or meta-analysis on your topic, then use the highest level of evidence peer-reviewed article.
• Describe the levels of evidence in each of the four peer-reviewed articles you selected, including an explanation of the strengths of using systematic reviews for clinical research. Be specific and provide examples.

 A journal article review is an important course assignment. See guidelines and detailed instructions below. Articles should be from peer-reviewed or scholarly journals and relate to the field of study. To successfully accomplish the main objectives of this assignment, students will perform a critical, constructive analysis of recent published studies (journal articles) in the healthcare or public health fields through summary, classification, analysis and comparison. A review and critique of the methodological approach and discussion of the applications in the field are expected. Establishing the Research Context Once you are reasonably familiar with the article, it is important to gain an understanding of the research context. Article to be reviewed/critiqued: Instructions: Read critically the articles. Many journal articles can be quite complex and use complicated wording and statistics. You may need to read the article a few times before you get a full grasp of it. 

Students should address the following questions/topics: 

1. Explore and retrieve a journal article related to a topic of your interest.

 2. The article should be based on a quantitative research design. 

3. Identify/construct the main research question(s) of the study. (20 points)

 4. Review and discuss the Methods section of each article follow the sub-sections below: 

a. Identify the study design. (10 points)

 b. Report the sample size, power and sampling methods used. (10 points) 

c. Report the variables (indicators) explored/analyzed in the study. 

i. Independent/Predictor/Explanatory. Quantitative/Qualitative. (20 points) 

ii. Dependent/Response/Outcome. Quantitative/Qualitative. (20 points) 

5. Write a summary paper 1 to 2 pages in length in MS Word format. 

a. Include the purpose for the article and the most relevant findings. (10 points) 6. Add a citation for the journal article at the top of the review using the American Psychological Association’s (APA) format. (10 points) 

  

1-You made some good points Judy, but the U.S is not the only one struggling with the health care . I was reading different articles and realized there are so many countries going through the same things and maybe even worser. The Pakistan’s health profile portrays high maternal and child mortality, increase population growth rate, and the twofold burden of infectious and non-infectious diseases (WHO, 2007).Just 27% of the Pakistani people avail advantage from full coverage of health care that include armed force members, beneficiaries and government employees, whereas, the rest 73% of the population pay out of pocket (Settle, 2010).They are viewed as a country that is not really important and get overlooked and struggle with health care. People are still paying a crazy amount of money just to get the care they need to stay healthy. With everything going on it makes it hard and for people to reach out when they really need it and it progresses to where it can not be reversed and as a nurse it just sucks seeing people go through this and hope it gets better as the years pass. 

  

2-Many American families have a limited access to health and are uninsured. Our healthcare system focuses more on treatment and medical services than preventive care. Health care spending has been increasing over the years, yet there isn’t a significant improvement in health outcomes (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2017). In 2013, $2.9 trillion dollars was spent on the healthcare alone, which is about $9,255 per person (Levitt, Claxton, Cox, Gonzales & Kamal, 2014). For insured families, insurance premiums have risen about 11% and household earnings only 3% increase from 1996-2003. Soon, family premiums will cost more than the family income by 2025 if trends continue. All that money spent, yet there coverage in limited/inadequate. Over recent years, insurance premium cost increases have slowed, but this places more of the financial burden on the family (Devoe, 2008).

In 2016, 27.6 million people are not insured. Many low income families cannot afford to pay for health insurance, so they gamble and delay any medical services in fear of how much it will cost them (Kaiser Family Foundation, 2017). Many fear that it could lead to financial ruin. Among families with health insurance, almost half of all personal bankruptcies were due to high medical costs (Devoe, 2008).

There is also the issue of people uninsured when they’re in between jobs or waiting for approval of Medicare/Medicaid. About 82 million Americans have these coverage gaps during a 2-year period (Devoe, 2008). Life is unpredictable, and something can during these gap periods.

References

Devoe, J. (2008). The Unsustainable US Health Care System: A Blueprint for Change. The Annals of Family Medicine, 6(3), 263-266. doi:10.1370/afm.837

Levitt, L., Claxton, G., Cox, C., Gonzales, S., & Kamal, R. (2014). Assessing the performance of the U.S. health system. Retrieved May 24, 2018, from https://www.healthsystemtracker.org/brief/assessing-the-cost-and-performance-of-the-u-s-health-system/#item-start

Kaiser Family Foundation. (2017, December 07). Key Facts about the Uninsured Population. Retrieved May 23, 2018, from https://www.kff.org/uninsured/fact-sheet/key-facts-about-the-uninsured-population/

  

3-I have found that the health care system in the United States is expensive and not easily obtained. There is much room for improvement. The concern about quality arises more from fear and anecdote than from facts; there is little systematic evidence about quality of care in the United States. We have no mandatory national system and few local systems to track the quality of care delivered to the American people. More information is available on the quality of airlines, restaurants, cars, and VCRs than on the quality of health care (Scuster, 2005).  The U.S. does not have a uniform health system, has no universal health care coverage, and only recently enacted legislation mandating health care coverage for almost everyone. This can be difficult for someone who is working minimum wage and has a job that does not require to give employees benefits such as health care insurance. One could argue that minimum wage is not meant to be a long term job for an adult. Though the theory of minimum wage jobs might have originally been meant for minors, the reality of our nation is that many adults living in poverty are employed at minimum wage paying jobs. It should be our duty to provide affordable health care for all members of our nation regardless of our own personal beliefs. Obama Care may not be a perfect system because even though it is said to be afforable health care, it has shown to still not be as affordable as one might need based on their income. However, I believe that this was a good start and can be improved to fit our nation and every individual in it as needed. Health care is only getting more and more expensive with the new medications and technology that we are developing as time goes by. Our nation leaders need to think of someway to have health care available for everyone. One option could be to provide health care for everyone like Canada has for their citizens. Though this comes with problems of its own, I believe that it is a system that cares for all and would great individuals that cannot afford health care. Whatever the United States decides to do regarding the issue of so many Americans being uninsured, something needs to be done quick. With so many people being uninsured, many diseases go untreated or even diagnosed due to the financial fear individuals that are uninsured face. People would rather not see a doctor or a clinic because of the fear that they will bring financial burden to their family. As a nurse, this breaks my heart. 

Schuster, M. A., McGlynn, E. A., & Brook, R. H. (2005). How Good Is the Quality of Health Care in the United States? The Milbank Quarterly, 83(4), 843–895. http://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0009.2005.00403.x