Introduction

Government and Environmental Health

Disasters, both natural and man-made, can greatly affect human health. Government agencies must work together during a disaster to protect the health and safety of the individuals involved. Fire, rescue, police, hospital staff, public health departments, military, and civil defense all have a role to play. Heat waves, drought, hail, tornadoes, hurricanes, tsunamis, and blizzards are all natural, climatological disasters. Fortunately, technology allows us to predict many of these events, so we can warn citizens and emergency personnel.

Geological disasters such as floods, landslides, avalanches, earthquakes, and volcanic eruptions can sometimes be predicted; usually, the only available response is the evacuation of the region. Man-made disasters include forest fires, industrial accidents, and transportation accidents. In 2007, several disasters caught the media’s attention, including the Minneapolis bridge collapse and the collapse of a coal mine in Utah. These tragedies required the response of a large number of trained professionals from various organizations. Another man-made disaster concern is terrorism.

Terrorism is a purposeful disaster carried out to scare or threaten a large group of people. Terrorism includes both domestic and international acts. The state of the environment and its link to human health have gotten a lot of attention in the last few years. Individuals are more aware of how air and water quality, food safety, and disaster preparation are important to maintaining their health and safety. This trend is not just occurring in the United States but throughout the world. The World Health Organization (2014) has instituted healthy cities initiatives that “address a range of key topics: air quality, climate change, and flooding, food safety, housing, noise, transport, urban planning, waste, and water. Each offers information and support to people working at the local level. Other information and support for local government includes guides to planning and pamphlets for local authorities.”

Going Green

Green architecture and green energy and transportation are becoming more popular, as people understand the benefits of these technologies. Homes of the future will likely:

• Be easier to maintain.
• Be energy efficient with solar or alternative types of heating and cooling.
• Use recycled materials and nonpolluting paint.
• Have heat-efficient windows, low-flow toilets, and a reservoir for rainwater.

More and more cities are seeing the benefits of green areas and greenways for biking, hiking, and recreation. These changes benefit the health of individuals by providing fresh air, a space for exercise, and an option for commuting without a car. Urban planners are looking more at public transportation, energy conservation, waste treatment, and urban forestry. Downtowns are being redeveloped in many areas, and community gardens and recycling centers are growing. The future holds many opportunities for us to improve environmental health. By making wise personal choices, we can improve environmental health for ourselves and those around us.

Reference

World Health Organization Regional Office for Europe (WHO). (2014). Healthy cities. Retrieved from http://
www.euro.who.int/en/health-topics/environment-and-health/urban-health/activities/healthy-cities

Demonstration of Proficiency

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

• Competency 1: Assess basic environmental health principles, theories, and issues.
  • Define the term environmental health.
  • Assess how healthy cities relate to environmental health.
  • Analyze obstacles for a city in becoming a healthy city.
  • Describe the financial issues involved in creating a healthy city.
  • Analyze how environmental health is an individual concern.
  • Analyze how environmental health is a global concern.
• Competency 3: Apply personal and professional decisions based upon an understanding of environmental risks.
  • Describe how a city could become prepared for disasters.
  • Assess benefits of developing a healthy city to one’s self, family, and community.
• Competency 4: Communicate effectively in a variety of formats.
  • Write coherently to support a central idea in appropriate format with correct grammar, usage, and mechanics.

Preparation

Please review the assessment instructions and scoring guide. No additional preparation is required.

Instructions

The purpose of this assessment is to consider aspects of what makes a healthy city and to integrate your research to provide strategies for individuals and communities to improve environmental health.

To begin, suppose you are working with your city planner to develop a healthy city initiative for your city (or a city near you). You are tasked with developing a report that will be presented to your city council.

Craft a 4–5-page written document that could be presented to your city council, addressing the following points:

• What is environmental health?
• Why is creating a healthy city important to environmental health?
• What could your city do to become a healthy city?
  • What would be the obstacles to change and why are they obstacles?
  • What financial issues would have to be considered?
  • How would these changes benefit you, your family, and your community?
• What could your city do to become better prepared for disasters, both natural and human-made?
• Why should environmental health be considered an individual concern? Why should it be considered a global concern?
• What could you or your family do—in your home, your neighborhood, and your workplace—to reduce your personal impact on the environmental health of your city?

Additional Requirements

Your document should follow a logical structure and be evidence based. Use the APA Paper Template as a resource for formatting and citations.

• Written Communication: Written communication should be free of errors that detract from the overall message.
• Length: The report should be 4–5 pages in content length. Include a separate title page and a separate references page.
• Font and Font Size: Times New Roman, 12-point, double-spaced. Use Microsoft Word.
• APA Formatting: Resources and in-text citations should be formatted according to the current APA style and formatting.
• Number of Resources: You are required to cite a minimum of two scholarly resources. You may conduct independent research for resources and references to support your report. Provide a reference list and in-text citations for all your resources, in APA format. You may cite texts and authors from the Resources.

What is proper etiquette for a job interview?

 What’s “good behavior” in a behavioral job interview?

1.   Tell me about yourself; please include years of experience as a nurse and   your previous work history. 

2.   Where do you see yourself in 5 years? Please describe plans for education and   career advancement in the near future

3.   What are your career aspirations?

4.   How do you handle stress in the healthcare setting? 

5.   What clinical skills do you possess that will be most beneficial to this   clinical practice?

6.   What are your strengths and weaknesses?   

7.   Describe how you handled a difficult situation that has involved a patient,   physician or family member? 

8.   How do you get along with your staff at your current position?  

9.   Why should we hire you? 

10.   What salary are you seeking? 

 

WRITTEN FORMAT SHOULD BE ON AN APA TWO SPACE FORMAT, WITH

COVER PAGE AND REFERENCE PAGE PERTINENT TO THE TWO QUESTIONS ADDED FOR THOSE OF YOU SUBMITTING THE WRITTEN VERSION.

QUESTIONS FOR THOSE SUBMITTING THE WRITTEN ASSIGNMENT VERSION ARE A AND B:

A. What is proper etiquette for a job interview?

B.  What’s “good behavior” in a behavioral job interview?

Interview 

1.   Tell me about yourself; please include years of experience as a nurse and   your previous work history

2.   Where do you see yourself in 5 years? Please describe plans for education and   career advancement in the near future

3.   What are your career aspirations?

4.   How do you handle stress in the healthcare setting?  

5.   What clinical skills do you possess that will be most beneficial to this   clinical practice?

6.   What are your strengths and weaknesses?   

7.   Describe how you handled a difficult situation that has involved a patient,   physician or family member? 

8.   How do you get along with your staff at your current position? 

9.   Why should we hire you? 

10.   What salary are you seeking? 

 
3 postsRe: Topic 5 DQ 1

I find it hard to separate the natural versus manmade disaster given inconvenient reality of more frequent disasters with more intensity and scope caused by man-made climate change. Sure, we’ve always had extreme weather events. But they are getting more unpredictable, more frequent, more intense, and devastating than ever before because of human activity.

Spiritual care in the face of one of these disasters may become acutely needed. While not everyone has adopted religion or subscribes to a particular faith, chaplains are trained to provide psychosocial support when needed to help communities cope with emotional needs following a disaster event (GCU, 2018). Nurses may recognize a readiness for patients to receive psychosocial and spiritual support that a chaplain can provide, even if the patient does not expressly ask for one.

Culture plays a role in the response and reaction people may display following a disaster, and the PHN should be aware of the existence of these differences and incorporate them into the nursing process when planning for care. Responses may vary widely or even seem strange to an onlooker such as a nurse, but its cultural and trauma-informed to put those preconceptions aside and meet the individual where they are in processing the disaster.

Chaplains can also help tend to the spiritual and psychosocial needs of the first responders and disaster relief teams, including nurses. Taking care of one’s own mental and spiritual well-being before helping others is an important aspect of helping during a disaster.

1 postsRe: Topic 5 DQ 1

International Federal (2019) defines disaster as a sudden, calamitous event that seriously disrupts the functioning of a community or society and causes human, material, and economic or environmental losses that exceed the community’s or society’s ability to cope using its own resources. Disasters, whether natural or manmade, can take a significant toll on an individual or community, causing short and long-term distress (Falkner, 2018). Spiritual considerations surrounding a disaster is different for individuals and communities, because of their unique beliefs. Different cultures may respond differently to disasters, whether it is by praying, crying, doubting God, thinking that they are being punished by God, etc. If a disaster were a terrorist attack (manmade), people of different cultures may hold grudges and hate towards a certain ethnic group.

According to Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, basic needs must be met before psychological and self-fulfillment needs. For a nurse to assist with spiritual care, he or she must have the patient in safety and make sure that they had water, food, warmth, shelter, rest, and security. Correct me if I’m wrong, but we most likely would not assess a patient about spiritual needs if they are panicking and are in the middle of receiving medical care.

Spiritual considerations can arise surrounding any natural disaster by those who are impacted. Many problems that can arise during natural disasters would be destruction of homes, churches, religious centers, and sacred landmarks. Many cultures and religions hold special sentiments towards certain structures and the destruction of these could cause great loss and may affect the spirituality of individuals in a community. Disasters cause death in the hundreds or thousands and will cause devastation for many people who then may require spiritual support to help them cope with the loses.

A community health nurse can assist in the spiritual care of the individual, community, self, and colleagues in many ways. First, nurses should take care of themselves and be aware of their own emotional health before they could help others. Nurses must be aware of cultural differences and adjust their care according to their beliefs. Nurses are also expected to create a healing environment for the physical and spiritual self, which respects human dignity (Minority Nurse, 2013). Advocation can take place when a nurse finds a chaplain to provide psychological and spiritual support. Simple interventions, such as holding an individual’s hand and providing empathy and silence can be beneficial for one and provide reassurance. Taking the time to pray with individuals of a community can also provide support.

References