200 words for each response.

1) 

Social Determinants and Disease Development

       Social determinants of health are conditions in which a person is born in to – social, economic and physical conditions to include resources and daily needs, biases, crime and violence statistics, community support, availability of sending and receiving communication, education quality and community, etc., each impacts an individuals daily activities, health, wellness and evidence of disease.  Individual behaviors will also support or not, the chain of events that lead to health or illness.  Although many circumstances may prevent wellness, it is up to the individual how these circumstances will impact their life.

Chain of Infection

       The chain of infection is comprised of six units; the infectious agent or the germ; the reservoir or where the pathogen lives; portal of exit, why and how the infectious agent exits it reservoir; mode of transmission, how it is passed on; portal of entry, how the infectious agent enters its new host; and the susceptible host which can be any person or animal.

How the Community Health Nurse Can Break the Chain of Infection

       Community nurses and education are at the center of breaking communicable disease processes from spreading, surveillance of and prevention.  In order to stop the infectious agent from spreading it is imperative to break the link of transmission.  Hand hygiene, vaccination, prevention of spreading an organism could include education on the importance of covering your cough or sneeze, isolate the person or persons infected, use of personal protective equipment when indicated, especially in healthcare settings, utilizing antibiotics wisely.  At home and beyond, maintain and clean your home especially the high use areas such as countertops, faucets, light switches, bathroom surfaces, keyboards or cell phones, doorknobs or the steering wheel of your car.  In grocery stores, utilize the antiseptic wipes to wipe down cart handles, etc.  If you find yourself or a loved one as a patient in a hospital or clinic setting, speak up, call out anyone who enters your room to utilize hand sanitizers prior to engaging in your care.  All are ways to break the link and to prevent spread of infectious agents.

       Improve community knowledge and information of possible outbreaks and the steps needed to contain the infectious agent.  Through collaboration with local healthcare professionals, social media or television, provide hyperlinks to public health forums or available telephone numbers for social support services.  Community health nurses need to be well informed and educated in surveillance statistics of their local area in order to break the chain of infection.

References

Clark, M. J. (2015). Population and community health nursing (6th ed.).  Boston, MA: Pearson

     Chapter 3

Infection Prevention and You.  Break the Chain of Infection.  Retrieved from (professional.site.

     apic.org)

Prevention by Breaking the Chain of Infection.  Retrieved from (cdn.ps.emap.com)

Social Determinants of Health.  Retrieved from (healthypeople.org)

2) 

Social determinants of health can be connected with a person’s culture. The way that a person’s culture views healthy habits can impact their health. Social determinants of health can be defined as conditions that people are born and function in (Healthy People 2020, n.d.). Some examples of social determinants are the availability to meet daily needs (Healthy People 2020, n.d.). This means that a person access to healthy food, health care, safe housing, social support, etc. (Healthy People 2020, n.d.). I believe that social determinants of health can have a major development to disease. When someone has access to clean water, air, and food it can make a difference in the spread of disease. Florence Nightingale believed in this theory as well and made sure that soldiers had access to clean water, air, and food. Nightingale found that 10 times more soldiers died of “filth disease” than died of bullets (Markel, 2017). Nightingale believed that the reason so many soldiers died was because of the filthy conditions that they were living in. These soldiers did not have access to clean conditions during the war, if these soldiers were born in these conditions, I am sure that they would find that many of them would be sick throughout their life.

            The chain of infection is how infection is spread from person to person. The reservoir is where the infection normally lives and grows (Centers for Disease Control, n.d.). These reservoirs can be environmental, human, or animal. Next in the chain is the portal of exit. This is how the infection leaves a host. A mode of transmission is how a pathogen is spread from host to host (CDC, n.d.). A portal of entry is how the infectious agent enters a host (CDC, n.d.).  The final link is to have a susceptible host (CDC, n.d.). The Center for Disease Control (n.d.) suggests that preventing the spread of infection can be done by protecting the portal of entry, increasing a host’s defenses, and finally by eliminating at transmission. A community health nurse can help break this chain by studying the different parts of the chain of infection and how to adequately stop the spread of infection. If a nurse wants to break a link in the transmission, they can protect the way that the infection is spread. For instance, when at the hospital and a patient has an infection with a disease that can be spread by direct contact, we make sure to dress in gloves and a gown to make sure that we are protecting ourselves from the spread of disease. If someone in the community has an airborne disease like tuberculosis, the community health nurse can prevent the spread of infection by making sure the infected person does not leave their house.

Reference:

Centers for disease Control. (n.d.). Principles of epidemiology | Lesson 1 – Section 10. Retrieved

from https://www.cdc.gov/csels/dsepd/ss1978/lesson1/section10.html.

Healthy People 2020. (n.d.). Social determinants of health. Retrieved from

https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/topics-objectives/topic/social-determinants-of-health.

Assignment:

Write a scholarly paper in which you apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease. Choose one communicable disease.

Epidemiology Paper Requirements

Include the following in your assignment:

1. A thorough description of the disease including causes, mode of transmission, symptoms, treatment and complications. Discuss the demographic most affected-incidence, prevalence, morbidity and mortality.
2. What are the determinants of health affecting this disease? https://www.healthypeople.gov/2020/about/foundation-health-measures/Determinants-of-Health.
3. Identify the epidemiologic triad including host, agent and environmental factors as related to this disease.
4. Discuss the role of the public health nurse in relation to this disease. How is the public health nurse involved in finding, reporting, collection and analysis of data and follow up?

A minimum of three references is required. The written essay should be at least 1250 words in length.

Select one of the AACN BSN Essentials, and elaborate on its meaning and importance in your own future professional nursing practice.

In your post (intended to provide a clear and thorough answer), be sure to

• identify the AACN BSN Essential that you have selected by name and number;
• explain why you selected this Essential; and
• explain how this Essential will be used to improve quality in your future professional nursing career.

Essential II: Basic Organizational and Systems Leadership for Quality Care and Patient Safety 

Introduction

Inequality is a central concept in sociology. Every society has a stratification system—an arrangement of society into groups that are unequal with regard to things valued in that society. In the United States, for example, we stratify people based on social class (or how much income and wealth they have). Our location within the stratification system impacts much of our lives. How would your life be different if you came from a family with billions of dollars? Would you have gone to the same school? Played with the same toys? Gone on the same vacations?

While inequality exists in every society, it tends to be different as to how it is structured according to time period or location. In earlier times, inequality was based on who owned the land. Today, it is shaped by a variety of factors including income, wealth, gender, race/ethnicity, age, and ability status. For example, women and some racial/ethnic groups make less for the same work as males. Despite this, we have a tendency in the United States to believe that neither social class nor class conflict exist. Unfortunately, research and data suggest otherwise. We still have a division of people based on their income and wealth, with some at the top and others at the bottom. While we belong to a wealthy, industrially developed country, poverty still exists.

Sociologists examine these issues of poverty and inequality in a society and try to better understand why structures of inequality exist in society. Do you think inequality is always going to exist? Focus on this as you delve into the resources and prepare for the assessment.

Demonstration of Proficiency

By successfully completing this assessment, you will demonstrate your proficiency in the following course competencies and assessment criteria:

• Competency 3: Explain the significance of social inequality for the individual and society.
  • Explain whether or not economic inequality is inevitable.
  • Propose strategies to reduce inequality.
• Competency 5: Analyze the impact of social change on society and social institutions.
  • Examine potential changes to increase equality of opportunity.
  • Analyze factors that contribute to the growth of economic inequality.
• Competency 6: Compose text that articulates meaning relevant to its purpose and audience.
  • Develop text using organization, structure, and transitions that demonstrate understanding of cohesion between main and subtopics.

American culture emphasizes self-sufficiency and working hard to get where you want. It is assumed that everyone has the ability to succeed if they work hard enough. For this assessment, write a paper applying key concepts regarding social stratification to argue for or against the inevitability of economic inequality. While there are many forms of inequality in the United States, for this assessment we will be focusing solely on economic inequality.

Deliverable

Write an essay in which you complete all of the following:

• Part 1: Explain whether or not you think economic inequality is inevitable.
  • Respond to the question: Is economic inequality inevitable? Why or why not?
• Part 2: Analyze factors that contribute to growing economic inequality.
  • Analyze what factors have contributed to the growth of economic inequality in the past few decades. What factors cause economic inequality?
  • Propose strategies to reduce economic inequality.
• Part 3: Examine ways to increase equality of opportunity.
  • Reflect on ideas of equal opportunity and analyze why or why not you think American society provides everyone with an equal opportunity for success.
  • Examine what kinds of changes would help establish greater equality of opportunity for everyone in American society.​​​​

Additional Requirements

• Written communication: Develop text using organization, structure, and transitions that demonstrate understanding of cohesion between main and subtopics. Written communication is free of errors that detract from the overall message.
• Sources: Cite at least three scholarly sources.
• Length: 3–4 pages, not including title and reference pages.
• Format: Include a title page and reference page. Use in-text citations to cite your sources. [Example: Writing becomes better as the child matures (Britton, Thomas, & Miller, 1996).]
• Font and size: Times New Roman, 12-point.