Comment 1

Random sampling, also known as probability sampling, requires that each member of the study population have an equal opportunity to be selected as a study subject. Selecting members of the population randomly enable members of the population to be selected equally. Random sampling enables each facet of the study population to be represented without bias (Little, 2016). For instance, a questionnaire is provided in an unsystematic way to a population so each individual in the population has a chance to submit information for that analysis. Again, many outcomes in statistics are derived from probability theory. Probability always assumes that random processes are functionally (Little, 2016). For any statistical outcomes to be valid, there is need to use samples which can be treated as random variables. Simple random samples make it easier to do that. There is less chance of results of analysis being skewed using random sampling.

However, there are limitations with random samples. It requires individuals within the population to volunteer and provides information. The people who usually participate may have the strongest opinion on the topic being analyzed. This brings the question of accuracy of the representation of such population (Little, 2016). There are two main limitations of random sampling. These are biased outcomes and laborious and time-consuming. Biased results are brought by the fact that the population of interest produces the people to be a sample. If the question is about things affecting them, they may be biased in providing information (Little, 2016). Random sampling is also time-consuming and involves a lot of things to be done hence laborious.

To have a truly random sample, one will need to have access to the target population and be able to assign each participant randomly to a condition. This is ideal since only random assignment to people by researchers before manipulation can provide causal interpretability of results (Little, 2016). To prevent problems and limitations with random sampling, there is need to ensure that you have a group which is bigger and each member has different views.

Comment 2 ( this is an answer for the teacher about my answer) concerning this  question. Explain each sampling technique discussed in the “Visual Learner: Statistics” in your own words, and give examples of when each technique would be appropriate.

Thanks you Rosy for your answer. When doing statistical interpretation of any data, we always hope to achieve a good understanding of the estimated population parameters. Naturally, we do this using observed data from various samples. 

But how do you realistically determine the sample size based on confidence level?

 No Plagiarism please, assignment will be checked with Turnitin. 

Will need 4 full pages,  double spaced all throughout the page for the case study, APA Style, Times New Roman, font 12, Title Page and a Reference page. 

 Make sure all of the topics in the case study have been answered 

Cite at least 3 References; journal articles, textbooks, or evidenced-based websites to support the content. 

All sources must be within five years (2012-2017).

Case Study 3:  Disorders of Fluid and Electrolyte Balance

Amanda is an 18-year-old with anorexia nervosa. She was recently admitted to an eating disorders clinic with a BMI of 13.9, and although she was a voluntary patient, she was reluctant about the treatment. She was convinced she was overweight because her clothes felt tight on her. She complained that even her hands and feet “were fat.” One of her nurses explained that a protein in her blood was low. The nurse further explained that, as difficult as it may be to believe, eating a normal healthy diet would make the “fat hands and feet” go away. 

What protein do you suspect the nurse was referring to? How would a deficiency in this protein contribute to edema?

What is the difference between the physiology of pitting and nonpitting edema? 

Because of her weakened condition, Amanda was moved around the ward in a wheelchair when she was not on bed rest. How does this affect her edematous tissues? 

Complete the below .You can write Number 1 as an Excel or Word document. Number 2 will be submitted as a Word document as a formal paper in APA format. 

 Please complete the following:

1. Write up CMP, CBC, UA – include normal range and what abnormal findings indicate for both HIGH and LOW values. Chest Xray and CT scan- uses for these diagnostic tests. 

2. (APA FORMAT) As the nurse you are caring for a patient with a Stage 2 wound on their coccyx. How as the nurse would you care for this patient? (Include a description of the wound, nursing care-nutrition, dressing care for the wound, turning of patient, etc).

Please respond to post.

300 words min, 1 min scholar source (no older than 5 years), APA.

Post:

As a health policy professional leader, communicating with lay audiences is an important skill in promoting the health of the community for master prepared registered nurses. Develop a concise position statement reflecting the research findings and recommendations by experts as they relate to workplace support for breast feeding mothers.

Instructions: Response must be at least 510 words written in current APA format with at least two academic references cited. References must be within the last five years.

Hematopoietic:
J.D. is a 37 years old white woman who presents to her gynecologist complaining of a 2-month history of intermenstrual bleeding, menorrhagia, increased urinary frequency, mild incontinence, extreme fatigue, and weakness. Her menstrual period occurs every 28 days and lately there have been 6 days of heavy flow and cramping. She denies abdominal distension, back-ache, and constipation. She has not had her usual energy levels since before her last pregnancy.

Past Medical History (PMH):
Upon reviewing her past medical history, the gynecologist notes that her patient is a G5P5with four pregnancies within four years, the last infant having been delivered vaginally four months ago. All five pregnancies were unremarkable and without delivery complications. All infants were born healthy. Patient history also reveals a 3-year history of osteoarthritis in the left knee, probably the result of sustaining significant trauma to her knee in an MVA when she was 9 years old. When asked what OTC medications she is currently taking for her pain and for how long she has been taking them, she reveals that she started taking ibuprofen, three tablets each day, about 2.5 years ago for her left knee. Due to a slowly progressive increase in pain and a loss of adequate relief with three tablets, she doubled the daily dose of ibuprofen. Upon the recommendation from her nurse practitioner and because long-term ibuprofen use can cause peptic ulcers, she began taking OTC omeprazole on a regular basis to prevent gastrointestinal bleeding. Patient history also reveals a 3-year history of HTN for which she is now being treated with a diuretic and a centrally acting antihypertensive drug. She has had no previous surgeries.

Case Study Questions

1. Name the contributing factors on J.D that might put her at risk to develop iron deficiency anemia.
2. Within the case study, describe the reasons why J.D. might be presenting constipation and or dehydration.
3. Why Vitamin B12 and folic acid are important on the erythropoiesis? What abnormalities their deficiency might cause on the red blood cells?
4. The gynecologist is suspecting that J.D. might be experiencing iron deficiency anemia.
   In order to support the diagnosis, list and describe the clinical symptoms that J.D. might have positive for Iron deficiency anemia.
5. If the patient is diagnosed with iron deficiency anemia, what do you expect to find as signs of this type of anemia? List and describe.
6. Labs results came back for the patient. Hb 10.2 g/dL; Hct 30.8%; Ferritin 9 ng/dL; red blood cells are smaller and paler in color than normal. Research list and describe for appropriate recommendations and treatments for J.D.

Cardiovascular
Mr. W.G. is a 53-year-old white man who began to experience chest discomfort while playing tennis with a friend. At first, he attributed his discomfort to the heat and having had a large breakfast. Gradually, however, discomfort intensified to a crushing sensation in the sternal area and the pain seemed to spread upward into his neck and lower jaw. The nature of the pain did not seem to change with deep breathing. When Mr. G. complained of feeling nauseated and began rubbing his chest, his tennis partner was concerned that his friend was having a heart attack and called 911 on his cell phone. The patient was transported to the ED of the nearest hospital and arrived within 30 minutes of the onset of chest pain. In route to the hospital, the patient was placed on nasal cannula and an IV D5W was started. Mr. G. received aspirin (325 mg po) and 2 mg/IV morphine. He is allergic to meperidine (rash). His pain has eased slightly in the last 15 minutes but is still significant; was 9/10 in severity; now7/10. In the ED, chest pain was not relieved by 3 SL NTG tablets. He denies chills.

Case Study Questions

1. For patients at risk of developing coronary artery disease and patients diagnosed with acute myocardial infarct, describe the modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors.
2. What would you expect to see on Mr. W.G. EKG and which findings described on the case are compatible with the acute coronary event?
3. Having only the opportunity to choose one laboratory test to confirm the acute myocardial infarct, which would be the most specific laboratory test you would choose and why?
4. How do you explain that Mr. W.G temperature has increased after his Myocardial Infarct, when that can be observed and for how long? Base your answer on the pathophysiology of the event.
5. Explain to Mr. W.G. why he was experiencing pain during his Myocardial Infarct. Elaborate and support your answer.