need both discussion with references.

Complete your Week 8 required discussion prompts.

• Discussion Prompt 1
  Do you feel socializing with your colleagues is beneficial in creating a better learning environment? Why or why not?
• Discussion Prompt 2
  What are some key elements in motivating clients to improve health behaviors and outcomes? What role does the family play?

 

Nursing Research and Evidence-Based Practice

 

In your practice as a nurse, you may use procedures and methods that did not necessarily originate in evidence, but instead were derived from informal and unwritten conventions, traditions, and observations. While these techniques may have merit, practices are constantly being updated and contradicted by information from scholarly research studies and professional guidelines. This new information serves as “evidence” for revising practices to improve outcomes across health care.

 

Based on this evidence, you can formulate a question. In this Discussion, you consider the use of evidence-based practice in your own organization and formulate a question that you will need to answer for your portfolio project. This is called a PICOT question. You will also investigate strategies for overcoming barriers to implementing evidence-based practice (EBP).

 

To prepare:

 

• Consider a recent clinical experience in which you were providing care for a patient.
• Determine the extent to which the care that you provided was based on evidence and research findings or supported only by your organization’s standard procedures. How do you know if the tasks were based on research?
• What questions have you thought about in a particular area of care such as a  procedure or policy? 
• Review Chapter 2, pages 36—39 on “Asking Well worded Clinical Questions” in Polit & Beck and consult the resource from the Walden Student Center for Success: Clinical Question Anatomy & examples of PICOT questions (found in this week’s Learning Resources). Formulate your background questions and PICOT question.
• Reflect on the barriers that might inhibit the implementation of evidence-based practice in your clinical environment.
• Review the article “Adopting Evidence-Based Practice in Clinical Decision Making” in this week’s Learning Resources. Select one of the barriers described that is evident in your organization and formulate a plan for overcoming this barrier.

 

Post on or before Day 3:

 

• (1)  an evaluation of the use, or lack thereof, of EBP in a recent clinical experience.
• (2) Identify which aspects of the care delivered, if any, were based on evidence and provide your rationale.
• (3) List your background questions and PICOT question about this nursing topic.
• (4) Critique how the policies, procedures, and culture in your organization may hinder or support the adoption of evidence-based practices.
• (5) Identify the barrier you selected from the article and explain how this barrier could be overcome within your organization

 

 REQUIRED RESOURCES

 

 

 

Readings

 

• Polit, D. F., & Beck, C. T. (2012).  Nursing research: Generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
• Chapter 1, “Introduction to Nursing Research in an Evidence-Based Practice Environment”

  This chapter provides an introduction to nursing research, its history, and the evolution of evidence-based practice. It includes an overview of credible sources of evidences and a description of the different paradigms used in nursing research.

• Chapter 2, “Evidence-Based Nursing: Translating Research Evidence into Practice”

  The focus of this chapter includes an overview of the key aspects of evidence-based practice, a review of how to identify credible research and appraise its value, and, finally, a discussion on how to take the identified evidence and convert it into a practice.

• Chapter 3, “Key Concepts and Steps in Qualitative and Quantitative Research”

  In this chapter, quantitative and qualitative research models are compared and the major steps in each approach are described. Information is also presented on the different sections of a research journal article and how you can identify the research model that was utilized. 

• Adams, J. S. (2010). Utilizing evidence-based research and practice to support the infusion alliance. Journal of Infusion Nursing, 33(5), 273–277.
  Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.  

  This article examines how evidence-based research and practice supports infusion alliances. The text also specifies the increasing challenges that infusion nurses face.

• Mallory, G. A. (2010). Professional nursing societies and evidence-based practice: Strategies to cross the quality chasm. Nursing Outlook, 58(6), 279–286.
  Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

  This article describes strategies for reducing the gap between research knowledge and practice. The article also details how nursing societies could use these strategies to improve the quality of care.

• Newhouse, R. P., & Spring, B. (2010). Interdisciplinary evidence-based practice: Moving from silos to synergy. Nursing Outlook, 58(6), 309–317.
  Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

  In this article, the authors examine the state of interdisciplinary evidence-based practice (EBP). The authors detail efforts to promote interdisciplinary EBP, academic and clinical training regarding interdisciplinary EBP, and strategies that may facilitate EBP translation across disciplines.

• Shaheen, M., Foo, S., Luyt, B., Zhang, X., Theng, Y-L., Chang, Y-K., & Mokhtar, I. A. (2011). Adopting evidence-based practice in clinical decision making: Nurses’ perceptions, knowledge, and barriers. Journal of the Medical Library Association, 99(3), 229–236.
  Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

  This article reviews a study that sought to determine nurses’ awareness of, knowledge of, and attitude toward EBP. The article also describes factors likely to promote barriers to EBP adoption.

• Shivnan, J. C. (2011). How do you support your staff? Promote EBP. Nursing Management, 42(2), 12–14.
  Retrieved from the Walden Library databases.

  This article explores the role of the nurse manager in supporting evidence-based practice. The article also explains barriers and strategies to promote EBP for a nurse manager.

• Walden Student Center for Success. (2012). Clinical Question Anatomy. Retrieved July 9, 2014, from http://academicguides.waldenu.edu/content.php?pid=183871&sid=2950360

 

Media

 

• Laureate Education, Inc. (Executive Producer). (2012).Timeline of nursing research. Baltimore, MD: Author.

  This multimedia piece features a timeline of major events in nursing research. The timeline highlights how historical events and seminal research have contributed to nursing practice.

 

An important consideration when working with patients is their cultural background. Understanding an individual’s culture and personal experiences provides insight into who the person is and where he or she may progress in the future. Culture helps to establish a sense of identity, as well as to set values, behaviors, and purpose for individuals within a society. Culture may also contribute to a divide between specific interpretations of cultural behavior and societal norms. What one culture may deem as appropriate another culture may find inappropriate. As a result, it is important for advanced practice nurses to remain aware of cultural considerations and interpretations of behavior for diagnosis, especially with reference to substance-related disorders. At the same time, PMHNPs must balance their professional and legal responsibilities for assessment and diagnosis with such cultural considerations and interpretations.

  Community activism is defined as actions through which organizations, groups and individual work together to promote economic, social, cultural policies and practice changes. Basically, the key goal of community activism is to endorse actions that decrease health disparities, improve living conditions and enhance community environments. Nowadays, advanced nurse practitioners engage in cooperative and nonstop actions to remove barriers (e.g., social, political, economic barriers, etc.) and change underlying structures aimed to improve the lives of patients subjected to unequal and discriminatory conditions (e.g., minorities groups, LGBTQs, etc.) (Maryland & Gonzalez, 2012).

            The key concepts associated with community activism include social justice, praxis, empowerment, critical reflection and consciousness raising. Consciousness raising is a key concept in which is involves the presentation of pertinent information in order to engage with others in critical reflection. Critical reflection is a key concept through which community activists activate possible collective actions and transformations. On the other hand, praxis is a decisive reflective action derived of individual and collective consciousness and theories to create commitment in order to build a justice society (Murphy, 2018).

            In addition, empowerment is another key concept that entails processes and results of the implemented transformational actions through which people, communities and organizations increase their control and mastery within political, social and economic frameworks in order to enhance a better quality of life. On the other hand, social justice is a fundamental concept which involves philosophical, public health and political elements embedded in the epitome of human rights and social fairness and impartiality (Murphy, 2018).

            Recent data estimates that approximately 38 millions of people are smokers in the United States. Basically, Big Tobacco targets communities such as lower-income ones and creates products which include more addictive substances. These are the key reasons why the prevalence of smokers is higher, particularly among individuals with lower incomes. Therefore, it is crucial that nurses engage in community activism to halt or decrease the negative health impact from Big Tobacco. Some of the actions nurses can implement include the promotion of smoking cessation, education about the negative effects of smoking, increase their understanding of the tobacco industry, and increase awareness about the relationship between smoking and chronic medical conditions such as COPD, cancer, aortic aneurisms, etc. (Savell, Gilmore & Fooks, 2014).

            In addition, nurses can alert patients to watch out for deceptions and lies used by these companies to prevent them from quitting. Moreover, nurses must alert smokers the multiple strategies these companies implement to increase their addiction, for instance; several studies have disclosed that nowadays the tobacco industries are delivering products with higher levels of nicotine in other to make smokers more difficult to quit (Savell et al, 2014)

  In summary, nursing advocacy is essential to provide actual nursing care and represent a key role that illustrates the competent power of nursing. The engagement of nurses in community activism is crucial and patient advocacy is an extremely important role which has been included in the moral codes of nursing organizations. Undoubtedly, the need for justice is a basic human right and nurses are regarded as the health care professionals that most interact with patients and their difficulties. Therefore, nurses can make available justice for the patients better than any other health care professional (Davoodvand, Abbazzadeh & Ahmadi, 2016).

References

Davoodvand, S., Abbazzadeh, A. & Ahmadi, F. (2016). Patient advocacy from clinical nurses’

            viewpoint: a qualitative study. Journal of Ethics and History of Medicine, 9 (5), 1-8.

Maryland, M. A. & Gonzalez, R. I. (2012). Patient advocacy in the community legislative arena.

The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, Volume 17, Number 1. doi:10.3912/OJIN.Vol17

            No.01Man02.

Murphy, D. (2018). Introduction to social media, activism and organizations. SAGE Journals, 

 1-4. doi: 10.1177/2056305117750716.

Savell, E., Gilmore, A. B. & Fooks, G. (2014). How does the tobacco industry attempt to

            influence marketing regulations? A systematic review. PLoS ONE, Volume 9 (2), 1-10.

Community Activism

Community activism can be described as a collaborative and sustained action to bring social transformation in a community by changing structures or removing barriers that impede people’s wellbeing. It entails identifying specific policies and practices that may be adversely impacting people’s lives and developing interventions that can improve their living conditions, community environment, and overall health (Mason, Leavitt, & Chaffee, 2017). To attain this goal, community activists work with multiple stakeholders to address underlying structures and policies that may be contributing to unequal, oppressive, or unjust conditions. Advanced Practice Nurses may play a critical role in community advocacy through involvement in community assessment and legislative advocacy (Mason et al., 2017). In the Big Tobacco problem, APN has a role in helping the victims, mobilize people against the companies and petition the government against the companies, and conduct awareness programs in the community. 

Community activism involves six major concepts: social justice, community, empowerment, conscious rising, praxis, and critical reflection. First, social justice is a philosophical concept that emphasizes equitable allocation of resources and opportunities to guarantee an active and satisfying life. Hence, it advocates for equal access to resources and opportunities and equal treatment under the law (Mason et al., 2017). However, in different societies, inequalities continue to persist due to poor government policies that continue to privilege the few over the majority. Subsequently, community activism seeks to reverse these policies while pushing for more equitable ones. For instance, the nurses have vehemently opposed Trump’s proposals to the Affordable Care Act since they believe it will deny many people health insurance and access to quality healthcare. 

APN should facilitate the formation of community partnerships, which are the basis for conducting awareness mobilization, treatment programs, and legislative programs (Mason et al., 2017). APNs can also organize wellness education programs that educate people about the health dangers of tobacco, and how tobacco companies are conspiring to frustrate anybody who questions their actions. They may also be involved in the treatment of the tobacco addicts (Carter, & Jones, 2017). They have exceptional clinical and leadership skills that may help them to create population-based interventions such as tobacco cessation programs. They may also organize the community to submit petitions to their representatives and later to Congress to ensure that strict action is taken against the community (Grant et al., 2017). Since the problem is national, critical reflection on the issue may play a huge role in addressing the issue conclusively.

References

Carter, M. A., & Jones, M. (2017). Nationwide doctor of nursing practice/advanced practice registered nurse survey on roles, functions, and competencies. Journal of Doctoral Nursing Practice, 10(2), 108-112.

Grant, J., Lines, L., Darbyshire, P., & Parry, Y. (2017). How do nurse practitioners work in primary health care settings? A scoping review. International journal of nursing studies, 75, 51-57.

Mason, D. J., Leavitt, J. K., & Chaffee, M. W. (2017). Policy and Politics in Nursing and Healthcare 7th Edition. Elsevier Health Sciences.

Wright, T. (2017). Towards radical praxis through a new formation in practice development. International Practice Development Journal, 7(2).

This week, please submit your project rough draft. Your rough draft should include the following items: Your project for this course is to develop a paper that provides an overview of how technology has been used to improve medical care in psychiatry the outline is enclosed  

• APA formatted cover page
• Introduction with in-text citations
• 5-7 pages of content that include 3-5 section headings of sub-topics discussions
• The contents cover health information technology or healthcare delivery that focus on information management, its implications, challenges, risks, and opportunities
• References page with at least 5-7 relative references
• Follows APA formatting and standard mechanics in grammar, punctuation, and spelling