Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond  on two different days who selected a different type of diabetes than you did. Provide recommendations for alternative drug treatments and patient education strategies for treatment and management. 

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Diabetes is an all too common endocrine disorder. Creating an effective treatment plan is essential to delay long term effects of the disease. This post explores the differences between types of diabetes with a focus on details of type two diabetes, one drug used to treat it, dietary considerations, and short-term and long-term impact.

There are several types of diabetes include type two, gestational, juvenile, and type two. This list is not all-inclusive, but for purposes of simplicity, I will focus on these four. Type one diabetes is related to an autoimmune response that destroys the beta cells in the pancreas. The beta cells produce insulin for the body, and insulin is a hormone that draws glucose into the cells for fuel. When the beta cells no longer exist, no insulin production occurs, and the glucose remains in the bloodstream leading to hyperglycemia and cell starvation. Juvenile diabetes is the old name for type one diabetes and received the name because it often appeared during this time in the life span. Gestational diabetes appears in a pregnant patient and subsides quickly after delivery of the child. Type two diabetes is the most prevalent form as 90 to 95 percent of diabetics have this type (Rosenthal & Burchum, 2018). It is insidious and often appears after age 40. Type two is related to inappropriate production of insulin and insulin resistance. The cells become intolerant to insulin and do not uptake it, or the beta cells do not produce enough insulin, rendering it ineffective to control blood sugar. There is a familial association which suggests it is hereditary, but the etiology remains unknown. 

I chose Metformin as it is appropriate for the initial treatment of type two diabetes. It is a biguanide that works by decreasing glucose production in the liver and increasing tissue response to insulin. This mechanism of action is essential to understand because it prevents a sharp increase in blood sugar after a meal but does not actively control blood sugar. The provider should order Metformin at 500 mg twice a day with meals as the initial starting dose (Epocrates, 2019). There is no particular food to avoid with Metformin, and common side effects include gastrointestinal disturbances. The recommended diet should be low in carbohydrates, including sugar, low in fried foods, low in salt, and high in protein (National Insititute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, 2016).

Lastly, the short-term effects of diabetes include medication, diet changes, adding exercise, and routine follow-up with the provider. The long-term effects include all of the above as well as retinopathy, nephropathy, peripheral neuropathy, and shorter life span related to these long-term effects of the disease. Metformin is relatively safe but can cause vitamin B12 and folic acid deficiencies and lactic acidosis, which is rare.  

References

Epocrates. (2019). Metformin Adult Dosing. Retrieved from https://online.epocrates.com/drugs/787/metformin

National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. (2016). Diabetes Diet, Eating, & Physical Activity.

        Retrieved from https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/diabetes/overview/diet-eating-physical-activity

Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers. St. Louis, MO:

        Elsevier.

Dorothy Troutman    4 posts   Re: Topic 9 DQ 1  One of my personal strengths regarding professional presentations is my ability to explain things. I enjoy teaching and helping people understand information. One way that I can improve this is to make sure that I use simple language so that everyone in my audience is able to understand the material.  One of my personal weaknesses is keeping my presentation short. I feel like completing my BSN has helped me with this. The limited word count on our assignments has helped me to be more concise. Practicing my presentation will help me stay within my allotted time.  It is important for me to improve these skills if I plan to present in a more formal setting so I may provide my audience with clear communication and demonstrate respect for their time by staying within the allotted time.  To be a successful speaker, one must know their audience, adjust the presentation as needed, and have planned outcomes both for the speaker and audience (Zamfir, 2019).     Refernce  Zamfir, C., M. (2019). Effective strategies for successful presentations: An NLP analysis.  Ovidius University Annals: Economic Sciences Series,(1), 333. Retrieved from https://search-ebscohost-  com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/login.aspxdirect=true&db=edsdoj&AN=edsdoj.9c771af8424a4dbf80fed977d3de4  e07&site=eds-live&scope=site

Sustaining change can be difficult, as there are many variables thatcan affect implementation. One critical component of EBP is to ensurethat practice change is part of an organization’s culture so it willcontinue to impact outcomes over time. Name two potential barriersthat may prevent your EBP change proposal from continuing to obtainthe same desired results 6 months to a year from now, and yourstrategies for overcoming these barriers.

Students are required to maintain weekly reflective narratives throughout the course to combine into one course-long reflective journal that integrates leadership and inquiry into current practice as it applies to the Professional Capstone and Practicum course.

In your journal, you will reflect on the personal knowledge and skills gained throughout this course. The journal should address a variable combination of the following, depending on your specific practice immersion clinical experiences:

1. New practice approaches
2. Intraprofessional collaboration
3. Health care delivery and clinical systems
4. Ethical considerations in health care
5. Population health concerns
6. The role of technology in improving health care outcomes
7. Health policy
8. Leadership and economic models
9. Health disparities

Students will outline what they have discovered about their professional practice, personal strengths and weaknesses that surfaced, additional resources and abilities that could be introduced to a given situation to influence optimal outcomes, and finally, how the student met the competencies aligned to this course.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and in-text citations and references should be presented using APA documentation guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.