1-Qualitative data are words, instead of numbers. According to Burns, Gray and Grove (2015) “Qualitative research is a systematic approach used to describe experiences and situations from the perspective of the person in the situation. The researcher analyzes the words of the participant, finds meaning in the words, and provides a description of the experience that promotes deeper understanding of the experience”. Initially you want to state the purpose of the study. In a Qualitative study there are different types of perspectives that can be associated with a qualitative study.  Phenomenological, grounded theory, ethnographic, exploratory-descriptive, qualitative and historical are types of research (Grove, 2015).  To assist with the management of the study, according to White, Oleke, and Friesen (2012) they had eight recommendation as follow

• Have      one person manages and organize the study.
• Provide      a through documentation collection and analysis details
• Strict      timeline for data collection, coding and analysis
• Use      of iterative process for data collection and analysis
• Comprehensive      internal audits
• communications      among all members of the team
• resources      are to be utilized to meet dead line
• re-assess      and determine if any changes need to be made.

According to Burns, Gray and Grove (2015) when collecting research, a way to manage the data is by organizing the information into themes and subthemes to form meaning from the data. Data analysis and interpretation allows the researcher to place the findings into the correct category, finding correlation or the non-correlation of the data being obtained.  They must be consistent with the method and the philosophy of the study, allow the data and meaning to be revealed, thus demonstrating the rigor of the study.

Reference

Grove, S., Gray, J., Burns, N., (2015). Understanding Nursing Research, 6th Edition. Retrieved from https://viewer.gcu.edu/DPBXHG

White, D., Oleke, N., & Friesen, S. (2012, July). “Qualitative Data Has Been Described As Voluminous And Sometimes Overwhelming To The Researcher In What Ways Could A Researcher Manage And Organize The Data” Essays and Research Papers. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1177/160940691201100305

2-Qualitative data can be difficult to process and analyze if not organized properly but the organizing itself is often a difficult task because qualitative data by its very meaning has no numerical data that can be placed in any order or sorted. For this very reason, the data almost always has to be separated and sorted by a human being rather than a computer system that would have to be programed to search for a numerical characteristic that doesn’t exist. In the place of these numerical characteristics, the researcher would need to sort their data into themes based around patterns found in their work. These patterns would differ based on the nature of their research. Once these patterns were decided upon they would be used to create groupings for the data.

References

Grove, Susan, Jennifer Gray, Nancy Burns.(2015). Understanding Nursing Research, 6th Edition. Saunders, VitalBook file.

3-“Qualitative research is multimethod in focus, involving an interpretive, naturalistic approach to its subject matter. This means that qualitative researchers study things in their natural settings, attempting to make sense of, or interpret, phenomena in terms of the meanings people bring to them” (Mcleod, 2008). What this means is that the point of qualitative research is to understand the reality of the subject matter and participants that are being studied, which is why these test subjects are studied in their natural setting. I agree that qualitative data can be voluminous and overwhelming, so organizing large amounts of data in to smaller groups would be preferable. One way you could start would be to divide up the data into the different environments in which they are being studied. For example, if you are assessing fall risks in the elderly in the healthcare setting, there are three different categories you can divide into in themselves. To further break down the data, you could organize any of these groups into different facilities, such as assisted living facilities, hospital, nursing homes, rehabilitation facilities, and adult foster homes. The division of data is all dependent on what the focus of your study is and what end goal you are attempting to achieve. If you are seeking safe staffing ratios, you  could begin by dividing fall risk patients by facilities with higher staffing ratios than those with lower ones to compare and contrast. There really is no “exact answer” on how to organize the data. The development of technology is very helpful in the organization of data in recent years. I believe that professor Mcdonald made a comment earlier about a study that she was once involved in that did not use computers for the organization of data. It would definitely speed up the process of sifting through the information you have for the information that can be used. When it comes to organization, in any capacity, I find that lists and spreadsheets help me to focus my mind and not leave out any important information. This method may not work for everyone, but if I don’t write something down, chances are, it will get forgotten in the end.

References:

Mcleod, S. (2008, February 5). Qualitative vs Quantitative Research | Simply Psychology. Retrieved from https://www.simplypsychology.org/qualitative-quantitative.html

Seth, a thirty-eight year-old white male of Scandinavian descent, has lived his entire life in Southern Florida. He is very concerned with maintaining a “healthy” appearance. Seth is very athletic and especially enjoys surfing. He has been surfing since the age of twelve and he started making surfboards while he was in high school. After obtaining a college degree in marketing Seth decided to start his own business making surfboards and giving surfing lessons for a local resort near his home. During a routine physical examination the physician assistant that Seth sees commented on the presence and appearance of a small growth (approximately 2-cm in diameter) above Seth’s right eyebrow. This growth was shiny with a pearly border, a central ulcer and engorged surface blood vessels. The physician assistant was concerned that this might be a tumor and asked Seth a number of questions to aid in the diagnosis. Seth reported that he noticed this growth approximately six months ago but thought nothing about it since he often developed “pimples” when he was working on surfboards because of the heat and dust. Seth noticed that the growth would occasionally bleed, but he thought the bleeding most often occurred when he absently scratched above his eyebrows when he was working. Seth also reported that after bleeding the growth would “crust over” and appear to heal, but not disappear. Seth also thinks the lesion has increased in size, but he can’t be certain.

The physician assistant asks Seth to come back in two days to visit with the attending physician and encourages Seth to be sure to use sunscreen whenever possible, especially when he is surfing or teaching surfing classes. Upon returning to see the physician, Seth is told that he probably has a basal cell carcinoma. This, the physician explains, is a cancer that while not benign, rarely metastasizes and grows very slowly. This type of cancer usually occurs in areas that have the greatest exposure to the sun (i.e. the face, head, and neck). While this cancer would probably not metastasize, the physician suggests surgical removal to minimize damage to any underlying tissues and a histological examination of the excised tissue to confirm the diagnosis.

Seth is concerned that if this is indeed cancer he will have to undergo radiation and/or chemotherapy and suffer from both hair loss and nausea like his mother did when she was being treated for breast cancer 10 years ago. The physician assures Seth that these treatments are not required for basal cell carcinoma and explains that this cancer usually remains localized to the specific area of the skin and does not usually spread to other tissues, so radiation and chemotherapy would not be necessary. Seth then asks why it is necessary to remove the tumor if it will not spread and is told that while the tumor does not spread to other body areas it will continue to grow and also invade deeper layers of the skin, such as the dermis, and destroy normal tissues. Seth agrees to the procedure and schedules a follow-up appointment to discuss the results of the biopsy the following week. At the follow-up appointment, Seth is told that the lesion was indeed a basal cell carcinoma. He is told that it will be important for him to try to use both sunscreens, specifically those containing para-aminobenzoic acid or PABA, and protective clothing as much as possible to minimize the effects of the ultraviolet (UV) rays of the sunlight. Seth is also told that while he should not be overly concerned, he should also pay close attention for similar lesions in the future, since a person with a single basal cell carcinoma is likely to develop additional basal cell carcinomas in the future.

Using the medical terminology learn this week as of the following questions about the case:

Identify both the primary risk factors that Seth presents with and other risk factors that may or may not be related to Seth’s case? How are benign and malignant tumors similar and different from each other?

Here are the discussion board requirements.

• The initial discussion post must be at least 250 words of content, referencing the reading of the week, and include a scholarly source.

In the Discussion for this module, you considered the interaction of nurse informaticists with other specialists to ensure successful care. How is that success determined?

Patient outcomes and the fulfillment of care goals is one of the major ways that healthcare success is measured. Measuring patient outcomes results in the generation of data that can be used to improve results. Nursing informatics can have a significant part in this process and can help to improve outcomes by improving processes, identifying at-risk patients, and enhancing efficiency.

To Prepare:

• Review the concepts of technology application as presented in the Resources.
• Reflect on how emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence may help fortify nursing informatics as a specialty by leading to increased impact on patient outcomes or patient care efficiencies.

The Assignment: (4-5 pages)

In a 4- to 5-page project proposal written to the leadership of your healthcare organization, propose a nursing informatics project for your organization that you advocate to improve patient outcomes or patient-care efficiency. Your project proposal should include the following:

• Describe the project you propose.
• Identify the stakeholders impacted by this project.
• Explain the patient outcome(s) or patient-care efficiencies this project is aimed at improving and explain how this improvement would occur. Be specific and provide examples.
• Identify the technologies required to implement this project and explain why.
• Identify the project team (by roles) and explain how you would incorporate the nurse informaticist in the project team.

1.
Max Points: 5.0

Your hospital has been placed on alert for receiving patients from a local explosion at a large factory. Reports from the scene are spotty in terms of numbers killed or injured, and you do not know how many patients you may be getting. News reports are calling for casualties in the 100s, but local fire responders are sending in conflicting reports. You need to know what your ED will be receiving, so you can determine whether to close surgery to elective cases and to go on ED bypass for regular patients. Rumors are swirling inside the hospital and the chain of command about how severe the incident is and what it will do to your ability to function. What thoughts do you have about how to learn what you need to know in order to structure the hospital’s preparations and continue regular functioning at the same time? What resources can you tap in order to learn more accurately about the situation at the scene and what you can expect to come to your ED? How would you manage this situation to cause the minimum disruption to regular hospital functioning?

2.

When faced initially with a disaster situation in a health care setting, what do you think your first five steps need to be? Why?

3. 

What are the major positives that you see in the PPACA legislation? What are the major negatives that you see in the PPACA legislation? Provide rationale for your answer.

4.
What are your thoughts about the emerging accountable care organizations? In what ways do you think they will affect the current health care delivery system? How do you think the practice patterns of primary care physicians will change under the new models of health care? What are the biggest problems that this could bring to primary care practices?

Include a scholarly apa reference and intext citation for each  .