Comment 1

Working in a hospital, or any type of medical facility, is not limited to one type of nurse or nursing education. Nurses with both ADNs and BSNs are typically employed at any number of facilities. Under the proper instruction and motivation, nurses can adequately perform the functions of their positions with ease. However, there have been studies which link patient safety outcomes and nursing education. Research from Weinberg et. al (2012) “links higher proportions of nurses with baccalaureate of science in nursing (BSN) degrees to lower patient mortality rates” (Weinberg et. al, 2012, p. 4). It is likely that nurses who have pursued a higher degree than the ADN simply receive more knowledge about specific interventions and procedures. From my own real-life experiences, I do not really agree with this research. Nurses who are compassionate, caring, meticulous and focus on the needs of the patients will generate positive outcomes for their patients. The contribution of the work environment and the use of interdisciplinary teams are essential to providing adequate patient safety. These factors must also be considered when making assertions regarding patient safety outcomes and nursing education. It is difficult to solely pin the claim that patient safety is lessened by the effects of lower education, separating it from all the other components which can contribute. 

Comment 2

Multiple studies were found that link patient safety outcomes to ADN and BSN nurses.  It is believed that one’s level education have a lot to say on how much he or she knows and how well he or she practices. In a study by Aiken, Clarke, Cheung, Sloane, & Silber (2003), it was concluded that changing the educational background of hospital nurses by increasing the percentage of those having a BSN or higher, would decrease substantially the mortality rate for patients that have surgery in general and for those developing complications.  A growing body of research suggests that hospital having a higher proportion of Nurses with a BSN on staff is linked to better patient outcomes, and other studies supported an association between BSN staffing and outcomes such as lower incidence of pressure ulcers, hospital acquired pneumonia, postoperative deep vein thrombosis and post surgical mortality rate (Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, 2013).

Although most nurses call to the profession are from a caring, compassionate nurse heart and the love for this profession, nurses also need to be prepared and have the knowledge to be able to fulfill this passion to the highest level of expectation. Researches that link patient’s safety and outcomes to ADN and BSN or higher level are based on real life experiences.  Nurses with higher education such as a BSN or higher, communicate better, they are better critical thinkers, problem solvers and are able to better assess and evaluate patients’ situations.  Although I am not done with my BSN, I had put into my current practice so much I have learned from my previous BSN classes. With a BSN level, nurses learn to give better care to patients with chronic illness and most importantly we learn to promote wellness and work toward disease prevention to prevent chronic illness; we learn to apply appropriate method to help our patients understand our teaching; we learn leadership and management skills and many more. BSN level helps nurses deliver care to a higher level while considering actions that impact health care costs and patients’ outcomes. BSN or higher help nurses deliver quality care to the patients to prevent complications and increase outcomes.   

Comment 3

“Nursing is unique among the health care professions in the United States in that it has multiple educational pathways leading to an entry-level license to practice” (Institute of Medicine ,2010). Associate nursing degree (ADN) is designed to be completed within two years. The main focuses are provision of patient care in a safe manner professional and ethical behavior, effective collaboration and application of nursing knowledge. Baccalaureate nursing program (BSN) is designed to be completed within four years. This program is designed to educate nurses with core and upper level courses. Nurses in this program are expected to function in basic leadership capacity after completion (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 2017)

 Both BSN nurses and ADN nurses are trained to perform certain basic skills like medication administration and wound care for example. In any given situation that involved patient care both nurses are expected to critically think to improve the patient’s outcome. Whether having a BSN degree or ADN degree, saving lives are what all nurses are entrusted to do. Nurses have one of the most well respected professions. We are trained to critically think and administer care in the most severe situations. And almost all the time we rise to the occasion and beyond. As nurses we are always edifying ourselves because technology and medicine are always evolving; this only gives us the opportunity to prepared and produce the best nursing care possible for our patients in treating their illnesse

Respond by providing an additional scholarly resource that supports or challenges their position along with a brief explanation of the resource

NOTE: I need a positive comment about the post bellow

                                                          Main Post

According to Marken and Carey (2015), psychotherapy also defined as talk therapy is means of supporting individuals suffering from an extensive range of mental health disorders and emotional complications. An exponentially increasing interest in incorporating psychotherapy with the neuroscience has developed influentially during the past 10 years (Marken & Carey, 2015). The understanding of biological foundations of complicated behaviors and human brain along with their maladaptive reactions and the way psychotherapy support psychopathologies declared psychotherapy as a biological treatment (Plakun, 2015). Psychotherapy is regarded as brain therapy that allows individuals to re-elaborate their sense of self through new experiences that entails cognitive, emotional, and internal regulation processing (Marken & Carey, 2015). Similar to all other forms of learning and experience processing, psychotherapy can cause long-term detectable physical modifications in the brain (Marken & Carey, 2015). According to Straub, et al., (2015), psychotherapy has been identified to change activity levels in the prefrontal cortex. The individuals suffering from depression tend to have a high levels of activity in the prefrontal cortex and the individuals who attended interpersonal therapy were identified to have a decline in their prefrontal cortex activity (Straub, et al., 2015).

Influences of Culture, Religion, and Socioeconomics on Personal Perspectives of Psychotherapy Treatments

Psychological suffering implies a culturally situated understanding of a complicated and multidimensional procedure of biopsychosocial variables (Moleiro, 2018). Culture has also been identified to form the models of psychotherapy and psychiatric care and tend to have an impact on each moment and procedure in individuals descriptions of their suffering (Chu, Leino, Pflum, & Sue, 2016). Moreover, culture also tend to establish the credibility or acceptance of types of psychotherapy treatments in the perception of the clients, their families and eventually on adherence to the psychotherapy treatments (Moleiro, 2018).

Religious belief has been identified as significant aspect of principles and values used by individuals to process information and make judgements (Schwarz, 2018). A psychotherapist can boost the capability to determine or understand agonizing, frenzied, or unanticipated incidents by confirming the beliefs and perspective learnings of their clients (Schwarz, 2018). Knowing and validating clients’ belief system improves adherence to psychotherapy and supports to accomplish better results (Captari, et al., 2018). However, incorporating religious dimensions of clients’ lives in psychotherapy demands competence in terms of high standard of awareness, ethics, and abilities for aligning knowledge obtained regarding religious values and beliefs for the benefit of therapeutic procedure (Chu, Leino, Pflum, & Sue, 2016).

Socioeconomics is considered an important aspect of the identity of and individual and it influence the way personal success is perceive (Finegan, Firth, Wojnarowski, & Delgadillo, 2018). Socioeconomic also interrelates with other personality characteristics and tend to have an impact on individuals overall quality of life (Finegan, et al., 2018). It has been identified that individuals from a lower socioeconomic background have a higher tendency of dropping out of the therapy and poor individual perceive psychotherapy as less effective (Levi, Laslo-Roth, & Rosenstreich, 2018). Self/emotion regulation, sensitivity, and mental flexibility are the three main cognitive domains that play crucial role in success of psychotherapy and are impaired because of low socioeconomic status (Levi, et al., 2018).

                                                               References

Captari, L. E., Hook, J. N., Hoyt, W., Davis, D. E., McElroy‐Heltzel, S. E., & Worthington Jr, E. L. (2018). Integrating clients’ religion and spirituality within psychotherapy: A comprehensive meta‐analysis. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 74(11), 1938-1951. doi:10.1002/jclp.22681

Chu, J., Leino, A., Pflum, S., & Sue, S. (2016). A model for the theoretical basis of cultural competency to guide psychotherapy. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 47(1), 18. Retrieved from https://psycnet.apa.org/journals/pro/47/1/18.html?uid=2016-05588-002

Finegan, M., Firth, N., Wojnarowski, C., & Delgadillo, J. (2018). Associations between socioeconomic status and psychological therapy outcomes: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Depression and Anxiety, 35(6), 560-573. doi:10.1002/da.22765

Levi, U., Laslo-Roth, R., & Rosenstreich, E. (2018). Socioeconomic Status and Psychotherapy: A Cognitive-Affective View. Journal of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health Forecast, 1(2), 1008. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328238564_Socioeconomic_Status_and_Psychotherapy_A_Cognitive-Affective_View

Marken, R. S., & Carey, T. A. (2015). Understanding the change process involved in solving psychological problems: A model‐based approach to understanding how psychotherapy works. Clinical Psychology & Psychotherapy, 22(6), 580-590. doi:10.1002/cpp.1919

Moleiro, C. (2018). Culture and psychopathology: New perspectives on research, practice, and clinical training in a globalized world. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 9, 366. doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00366

Plakun, E. M. (2015). Psychotherapy and psychosocial treatment: Recent advances and future directions. Psychiatric Clinics, 38(3), 405-418.

Schwarz, S. (2018). Religious aspects in psychiatry and psychotherapy. International Journal of Human Rights in Healthcare, 11(2), 109-115. doi:10.1108/IJHRH-07-2017-0031

Straub, J., Plener, P. L., Sproeber, N., Sprenger, L., Koelch, M. G., Groen, G., & Abler, B. (2015). Neural correlates of successful psychotherapy of depression in adolescents. Journal of Affective Disorders, 183, 239-246. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0165032715003201

 This is an individual assignment. Based on the feedback offered by the provider, identify the best approach for teaching. Prepare a presentation to accompany the teaching plan and present the information to your community. Select one of the following options for delivery of the presentation:

1. PowerPoint presentation – no more than 30 minutes
2. Pamphlet presentation – 1 to 2 pages
3. Poster presentation

Appropriate community settings include:

1. Public health clinic
2. Community health center
3. Long-term care facility
4. Transitional care facility
5. Home health center
6. University/School health center
7. Church community
8. Adult/Child care center

Before presenting information to the community, seek approval from an agency administrator or representative.

Upon receiving approval from the agency, include the “Community Teaching Experience Form” as part of your assignment submission.

While APA style is not required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

You are required to submit this assignment to Turnitin. Please refer to the directions in the Student Success Center.

No plagiarism please.

Will need minimum of 300 words, APA Style, double spaced, times new roman, font 12, and Include: (3 references within years 2015-2018) with intext citations. 

Topic: Pediatric Conditions 

Upper respiratory disorders: 

Acute nasopharyngitis (The common cold)  and 

rhinosinusitis (commonly known as siusitis)

You are expected to present your initial topic including, but not limited to, the following items:  Use the below headings while answering the questions. 

• Pathophysiology
• Epidemiology
• Physical exam findings
• Differential diagnoses and rationale
• Management plan to include diagnostic testing, medications if applicable, follow-up plans and referrals if needed