Understanding of the evidence-based practice (EBP) models is key to implementation of EBP. There are various models available; some of which were presented to you in this unit. 

Consider the following questions in your discussion post:

• Select one of the models presented in this unit.
• Describe how this model would be effective for implementing EBP and/or best practices in the practice, administration, or education setting.
• Consider how you might introduce this change.
• What barriers might you confront?

Responses need to address all components of the question, demonstrate critical thinking and analysis, and include peer reviewed journal evidence to support the student’s position.

Please be sure to validate your opinions and ideas with citations and references in APA format.
It is anticipated that the initial discussion response should be in the range of 250-300 words.

What does informatics mean to you? Provide one detailed example.

What specifically about informatics do you want to learn in this course? 

Each response should be substantive and provide enough detail to answer the question comprehensively. Does not require citation or references, but if you do, please use one from the last 5 years and APA format.

About 250 words

Comment 1

Now that I am more familiar with the basic concepts of statistics, I often see that the statistical values are being used incorrectly. According to the authors of Abusing Statistics, some factors that may cause for a statistic to be used inappropriate include bad data collection, bad application of statistical functions, forming the wrong conclusion, and sneaky tricks to mislead the unwary. One example bad data collection is sampling the wrong population for a study. If you were trying to determine if teen pregnancies have increased from previous years, sampling women of a particular older age than teenage years would be inappropriate. An example of forming the wrong conclusion and utilizing sneaky tricks and misleading the unwary can be described similar to one of our previous discussion questions, statistics are used to the benefit of the researcher or the presenter. The values of the statistics can be manipulated into help accelerate a point of view of the presenter. With the researcher manipulating the data, it allows for applications for statistical functions. One example of this is when the researcher inputs their own assumptions to conclude the effects of a linear correlation.

Comment 2

On February 2007, CSPI (Center for Science in Public Interest) sued Coca-cola and Nestle for claiming their green tea caffeinated drink, Enviga, to be a “calorie burner”. The advertisement for Enviga said the drink burns more calories than actual intake which results “negative calories”. In other words, Coca Cola claimed Enviga will prevent extra calories from building up. This notion was based on a brief study on the drink funded by Coke and Nestle. The study consisted of 31 lean participants on calorie-restricted diet (participants were men and women) that have BMI of 22. CSPI included on the lawsuit that the study’s sample is biased and that it does not represent the American population where majority are either obese or overweight (BMI of 25 and above). We learned on the first week of class the importance of gathering data from a random sample that will most generalize the characteristics of the chosen population. Furthermore, the study claimed an individual to lose around 100 calories per day by drinking 3 cans of Enviga where mathematically, individual is expected to lose weight (with consistent consumption) after 35 days. The study’s length contradicts such claim because it was conducted no more than 72 hours (3 days). There is no research that will support long term effect of Enviga. In addition, the company claimed the green tea drink to have more epigallocatechin Gallate (EGCG) (which is a known cancer-fighting antioxidant) compared to other green tea beverages. Interestingly, Enviga contains aspartame as one of its ingredients which is known to cause blood-related cancers (American Cancer Society, 2018). Instead of falsely advertising the drink to have weight loss benefits, Coca Cola and Nestle should have (legally) labeled it a regular drink.

Activity 3

Ethics in Research

1. View Human Subjects Research Training: “Protecting Human Subjects”
2. PDF titled PHRP. Reflect on History, Codes and Regulations, Respect for Persons, Beneficence and Justice.
3. Explore the Research Clinic

Choose a vulnerable population and describe the ethical issues surrounding this population.  What is the role of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in protecting vulnerable populations?  Should the population be considered for research? Why is it important to have diverse populations sampled in research?  

Resources

National Institute of Health (2008). Protecting Human research participants.  Retrieved from https://learn.americansentinel.edu/pluginfile.php/709455/course/section/110371/PHRP%20%282%29.pdf

Additional Instructions:

1. All submissions should have a title page and reference page.
2. Utilize a minimum of two scholarly resources.
3. Adhere to grammar, spelling and punctuation criteria.
4. Adhere to APA compliance guidelines.
5. Adhere to the chosen Submission Option for Delivery of Activity guidelines.

Submission Options:

Choose One:

Instructions:

Paper

• 2 to 3-page paper. Include title and reference pages.

Note: Title and reference pages/slides do not count towards the count requirements.

Attachments areaPreview YouTube video Human Subjects Research Training: “Protecting Human Subjects” – Module 1ReplyReply allForward
 

Compare vulnerable populations. Describe an example of one of these groups in the United States or from another country. Explain why the population is designated as “vulnerable.” Include the number of individuals belonging to this group and the specific challenges or issues involved. Discuss why these populations are unable to advocate for themselves, the ethical issues that must be considered when working with these groups, and how nursing advocacy would be beneficial.