comment1

The fourth intervention hit a nerve because its unfortunate to know that polypharmacy is prevalent in the elderly population. As a former CNA/Home Health Aide, I would take care of patients that were taking multi-medication. Some were medication that are prescribed for existing health related issues some where not. They would have pain medication from past outpatient surgeries and still take them years later. Some medications were even expired and they still choose to take them. In my research I discovered that elderly patients  tend to have more complicated chronic conditions and respond differently to medication therapy or experience more severe adverse reactions due to differences in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics, compared with younger patients(Golchin et al.,2015). They may also visit multiple prescriber’s and use multiple pharmacies that will lead to increased risk of medication-related problems through poorly coordinated or duplicated care ( Golchin et al.,2015).

comment2

Preventing polypharmacy from occurring in the first place is another area that nurses can help older adults with. They can do this by educating patients and their families about the importance of writing down all medications including OTC, prescriptions, vitamins, and even herbals and bringing this with them to every doctor’s appointment or hospital visit. By doing this the patients entire care team will be better able to prevent prescribing medications that could have a negative impact on the patient. In addition to all of these interventions the nurse must teach the patient to always tell their care team about new symptoms that they feel after taking new medications (Woodruff, 2010). This will prevent interactions from going unnoticed and or blamed on other disease processes which could then lead to more medications being given. It is important to instruct all patients to speak up for themselves and how they are feeling. A journal is another good step the older patient can take to ensure proper documentation of when and what is happening with their medications (Woodruff, 2010).  

As a healthcare professional and manager, it is important to understand the distinction between licensure, certification, and accreditation in regard to healthcare professionals and healthcare institutions. Prepare a 3-4 page paper that describes licensure, certification and accreditation in the healthcare industry.  Include the following in your paper:

• Define and distinguish between the terms licensure, certification, and accreditation as they apply to healthcare professionals and organizations. 
• Describe at least 2 reasons why licensure, certification and accreditation are required in health care organizations.  
• Research the requirements in your state or a state of your choice for licensure requirements for healthcare professionals besides the requirement for physicians and nurses to be licensed.  What other healthcare professionals need to be licensed to practice or perform the duties of their profession?  What does scope of practice mean?  Who determines this?

For help with researching your state’s requirements, search on the state government’s website for information on the State Health Department or search “licensure”.

• Provide an example of an agency that accredits healthcare institutions and the types of requirements that must be met for accreditation.
• Provide at least three examples of an organization or agency that provides certification or credentialing for healthcare professionals.  Include one of the examples as a specific type that is available for healthcare administrators/managers or health information management professionals.  Describe the requirements for each example.

NOTE: Use at least two scholarly references and cite using APA format.  Be sure to cite the reference to your state’s website resource on licensure of healthcare professionals.

1.  What are the assumptions for a t-test? How should these be run? Do you want to see a p value of <0.05? Why or why not? (50-80 words). Include citation 

2. Assume you want to do a project that compares the survey results before an intervention to those after an intervention in the same sample (the same people will take both surveys). You plan to use a paired t-test to analyze your results. Identify and select a tool of your choice to conduct the sample size calculation. You may use your SPSS. Perform a sample size calculation to determine how large your sample should be. Justify your sample size calculation with citations. Discuss how your sample size may affect the validity of your project. (80-100 words). Include citation 

3.  Review the types of data that are considered protected health information (PHI). Which data needs to be collected in assessing the diabetes self-care management of a diabetic patient? How would the collection of this data affect your project (whether you plan to collect it or not)? (50-80 words). Include citation 

Services Offered by HMOs and PPOs

Discussion Question

Respond to one of the following questions:

• Review the Healthy People 2020 objectives for Access to Care. Of all the objectives listed under this topic, which do you think would be most beneficial to the patients with chronic illness? Please give rationales and support responses with references. 
• Discuss how you feel nurses can positively impact the Healthy People 2020 goals.

Citations should conform to APA guidelines.

My topic is as follow: The social use of music in contemporary American societ.

• 1000 words in length, excluding the title and works cited page
• Typed in Microsoft Word 
• Double spaced, one-inch margins and a font size of 11 or 12
• Title Page
• Works Cited page with at least 3 sources. Use any standard form, Just be sure to include: author, date of publication, title of article or book chapter or paper in quotation marks, title of book or journal in italics (or underlined), volume and month for journals, and page numbers (first and last). For web sites, list the site name, author, date and give the complete web address. No Plagiarism please