Respond to this post with a positive response :

Ask a probing question, substantiated with additional background information, evidence or research.

Share an insight from having read your colleagues’ postings, synthesizing the information to provide new perspectives.

Offer and support an alternative perspective using readings from the classroom or from your own research in the Walden Library.

Validate an idea with your own experience and additional research.

Make a suggestion based on additional evidence drawn from readings or after synthesizing multiple postings.

Expand on your colleagues’ postings by providing additional insights or contrasting perspectives based on readings and evidence.

Use at least 3 references

                                                      Main Post

                                                        Ethical Issues

“Two traditional theories can be considered regarding health resource allocation: ‘macro-allocation’ – which is defined by respecting the public health policy allocation and distribution – and ‘micro-allocation’ – which supports the belief that individualized selection of those who should benefit from the available services are the beneficiaries” (Jonsen, A., Edwards, K., 2016). The micro-allocation problem suggests prioritization of patients for things such as limited vacancies, intensive care services, or prioritized organ transplant. The ethical questions become; is there a fair and equitable way of allocating health care resources and can a fair and just allocation really be implemented in our current social, economic and medical environment?  Some public policy supports devising an allocation system focused on the criteria of efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Are we better served by considering how cost-effectiveness can to be applied to persons with shorter natural life expectancies, such as the elderly? These questions are not easily answered but they must be considered whenever allocation is proposed.  Some forms of allocation are egregiously unethical in any society that values equality. However, it is also unethical when you make the ability to pay the only option for obtaining medical care or distributing medical resources to those in power. Many other problems are less obviously wrong but still need to be evaluated and debated.

Ideally, all persons should have access to a “standard” of health care to sustain life, prevent illness, relieve distress, and prevent injury. It is the responsibility of nurses and doctors to empower their patients by having a voice in how they die.  We need better education for our healthcare providers in the care of the dying, options for palliative care, and of hospice programs. Currently, 75 percent of the public, regardless of educational efforts, do not have a living will.  The majority of people only have vague talks with family members about how they want to die.  Most physicians still resist having an open discussion with patients and families about death; and by the time patients in hospice have these conversations it is much too late, often less than two weeks before they die. Many doctors, patients, and families are either in denial, emotional distress, or both when death is eminent or during the process of the patient dying. As healthcare providers, we have an opportunity, to create and sustain an open dialog with our patients and their families about advanced life directives.  Some statistics have shown that 58% of patients did not want to discuss their wishes with their doctors.  However, for those who did what was found to be significant is that 25% of the elderly did not want to be resuscitated.  In 50% of the advanced live saving cases, most were initiated by doctors and/or requested by the families without the patients’ consent. Therefore, it seems reasonable to say that rationing healthcare for elderly patients should be based on objective information and in the patient’s best interest and wishes (End of Life, 2016).

In my opinion, the ethical issues related to “resourcing” can be mitigated by healthcare workers doing a better job discussing advanced directives and end of life wishes with their patients, and whenever appropriate, their families.  Conversations should begin early in the doctor/nurse to patient relationship or at least upon hospital admission regarding the patient’s wishes regardless of their diagnosis or severity. Our present healthcare practices foster unnecessary, and more importantly, unwanted patient interventions that are better allocated for those who can benefit from these resources.

References

Ethical Issues with an Aging Population (2012). Researchomatic. Retrieved from http://www.researchomatic.com/ethical-Issues-With-An-Aging-Population-47844.html 

Jonsen, A., Edwards, K., (2016). ETHICS IN MEDICINE. University of Washington School of Medicine. Retrieved from https://depts.washington.edu/bioethx/topics/resall.html

Lawler, P., Callahan, D., (2012, July 24). Ethics and Health Care: Ethics and Health Care Rethinking End-0f-Life-Care. Retrieved from https://www.heritage.org/health-care-reform/report/ethics-and-health-care-rethinking-end-life-care

Milstead, J. A. (2019). Health policy and politics: A nurse’s guide (6th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Chapter 7, “Health Policy and Social Program Evaluation” (pp. 114-127)

Schütz GE. Quando o igual tratamento acaba em injustiça. Um paradoxo bioético das políticas sanitárias universalistas de alocação de recursos [dissertação]. Rio de Janeiro: Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, Fundação Fiocruz; 2003. Revista Brasileira de Terapia Intensiva. Print version ISSN 0103-507X. Rev. bras. ter. intensiva vol.21 no.4 São Paulo Oct./Dec. 2009 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0103-507X2009000400014 

End of Life. (2016, Jul 29). Retrieved from https://studymoose.com/end-of-life-2-essay

 Vivian Hamilton

Vivian Hamilton need 2 apa citation 

FridayJan 25 at 12:47pmManage Discussion Entry

      Psoriasis is a condition that varies from mild to more severe cases. This condition is related to an inflammatory response that is due to genetics and other factors. Having psoriasis can affect one not only physically but also emotionally and mentally (Chong, Kopecki, & Cowin, 2013). One study mentioned that people infected with psoriasis are at an increased risk for depression and anxiety (Rasmussen, Maindal, & Lomborg, 2012). Knowing this, a referral to a healthcare specialists or resources given to this patient to help with coping would be appropriate. Knowing this patient’s age one can think of what type of life events this person might be going through. Having some empathy for this patient could be supportive in helping this patient cope with psoriasis. While this patient has only a mild case this is something that could develop and last longer over time. For those reasons, educating this patient and setting her up for success now can go a long way in treatment management and care involvement for this patient. 

Reference

Chong, H. T., Kopecki, Z., & Cowin, A. J. (2013). Lifting the silver flakes: the pathogenesis and management of chronic plaque psoriasis. BioMed research international, 2013, 168321.

Rasmussen, G. S., Maindal, H. T., & Lomborg, K. (2012). Self-management in daily life with psoriasis: an integrative review of patient needs for structured education. Nursing research and practice, 2012, 890860.

1. Read the Speech Recognition in the Electronic Health Record practice brief.
2. Using APA format, respond to the following prompt in 1 1/2 to 2 double-spaced pages:In your own words, respond to the following:
   • List the risks, benefits and challenges of speech recognition software.
   • Define front-end and back-end speech recognition, which one would you prefer if you were selecting a system, and why.
3. Per APA formatting, in-text citations are expected, as are a reference list page and a cover page. These pages are extra and in addition to the 11/2 to 2 double-spaced pages noted above.
4. You are welcome to cite and use sources in addition to the brief; just be sure to cite them appropriately in the APA format and include them in your reference list.

Explain the statement, “What may be an ethical dilemma for one registered nurse may not be an ethical dilemma for another registered nurse.” Be sure to define an ethical dilemma in the course of your discussion. Describe a challenging situation in your nursing career that required you to consider the ethical dimensions of the patient case and the role you played in providing care. (Be sure to respect and maintain patient and colleague confidentiality.)

Hi, i need maximum 2 pages of paper, this is instruction:

Evaluation of your skills as an educator is an important component of improving your skills as a educator

Write a 1-2 page paper , in APA style, that reflects upon your new knowledge making sure to address the following questions.

1-Describe how your attitude of including aspects of health literacy changed during this course.

2-Describe your approach to incorporating evidence-based literature in health teaching

3-Describe one theory of teaching or learning that you applied it to your presentation
4-Describe two ways that you have grown as a health educator by taking this course