Ethics in Healthcare

Discussion Question

Two nurse researchers are interested in studying whether a pain assessment tool for critical care patients is valid and reliable when applied to a group of patients who cannot communicate verbally due to mechanical ventilation. They design a validation study in which randomly selected patients will be assessed using the tool after a painful procedure (tracheal suctioning) and after a nonpainful procedure (oral care). If patient responses result in higher scores after the painful procedure than after the nonpainful one, then the researchers will conclude that the tool is effective for these patients in differentiating pain responses from responses to nursing procedures in general.

Using the definitions in the textbook:

• Discuss and draw a conclusion as to whether this study will likely be exempt, expedited, or full review. 
• Would the study be considered ethical? Explain your rationale.

Part 1

My post

Hello class and Professor,

The advent of the technological era has been linked to improved patient outcomes. Most of the technologies in place are patient-centered and are aimed at improving the quality of care and service delivery. At the facility I work for, there are several technologies in place. The most recent is the point of care technology. As much as this technology is in its initial stages of implementation, the benefits have had profound effects on the operations of nursing. This technology allows nurses to access patient data such as X-rays and medication directly from the bedside. This is achieved through linked computers placed at the bedside of patients to ensure that their records can easily be accessed (Adam, 2017).

Considering that the facility has not yet adopted electronic health records, the point of care technology comes with great significance to the hospital. Through the technology, time is saved which would have otherwise been used to access the documents physically. This also allows for easier update of the patient information ensuring that they stay up to date. Point of care technology also ensures that nursing practice focuses on patient-centered care (Adam, 2017). This means that the patient is engaged in making decisions, follow-ups, and education to better their health.

The facility should, however, consider the importance of implementing electronic health records to complement the point of care technology. With electronic records coupled with this technology, nurses will have diverse alert systems such as mobile phones and tablets to ensure that they can access patient data away from the bedside.

Part2 

Professor Comments and question

It is really interesting that your organization has not implemented the electronic health record (EHR). The Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act of 2009 provided $35 billion dollars for organizations to implement electronic health records. The incentive did not cover the entire costs of implementation to organizations, but are mandatory to meet the requirements for the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services the Merit-Based Incentive Payment System, or MIPS which will start in 2019. Do you think the organization will change to the EHR in the near future?

 References
Schwartz, S. (2016). Defensive medicine versus value-based care. Medical Economics. Retrieved from: http://medicaleconomics.modernmedicine.com/medical-economics/news/defensive-medicine-versus-value-based-care?page=0,0

Part 3/another students comments and question

I found your topic very interesting. Prior to working on the PCU unit at a hospital, my last employer was just in the process of implementing EMR. They were actually using paper charts. It is interesting that some health care organizations are behind when it comes to information technology. Do you think that this could be due to cost? I think cost was the major reason as to why my prior employer was slow to using EMR. 

        Research the relationship between economic growth in Saudi Arabia and how this growth is related to providing the population a higher-quality of healthcare. What opportunities for policy-makers in the Ministry of Health do you think could help improve healthcare?

Please use the following headings in your paper:

1. Introduction
2. Vision 2030
3. Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia
4. Quality Healthcare Policies
5. Conclusions
6. References

Your paper should meet the following structural requirements:

1. Be 3-4 pages in length, not including the cover or reference pages.
2. Be formatted according to APA writing guidelines.
3. Provide support for your statements with in-text citations from a minimum of four scholarly articles. Two of these sources may be from the class readings, textbook, or lectures, but two must be external.
4. Utilize headings to organize the content in your work.
5. No plagiarism at all 
6. More citation through the text 
7. The references should not be more than 5 years ago

The practice of health care providers at all levels brings you into contact with people from a variety of faiths. This calls for knowledge and understanding of a diversity of faith expressions; for the purpose of this course, the focus will be on the Christian worldview.

Based on “Case Study: End of Life Decisions,” the Christian worldview, and the worldview questions presented in the required topic study materials you will complete an ethical analysis of George’s situation and his decision from the perspective of the Christian worldview.

Provide a 1,500-2,000-word ethical analysis while answering the following questions:

1. How would George interpret his suffering in light of the Christian narrative, with an emphasis on the fallenness of the world?
2. How would George interpret his suffering in light of the Christian narrative, with an emphasis on the hope of resurrection?
3. As George contemplates life with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), how would the Christian worldview inform his view about the value of his life as a person?
4. What sorts of values and considerations would the Christian worldview focus on in deliberating about whether or not George should opt for euthanasia?
5. Based on the values and considerations above, what options would be morally justified in the Christian worldview for George and why?
6. Based on your worldview, what decision would you make if you were in George’s situation?

Remember to support your responses with the topic study materials.

Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is required.

This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

You are required to submit this assignment to LopesWrite. R

Comment 1

Communication may be described as the process by which information, understanding as well as perception are transmitted from one person to the other as an integral part of a relationship. In nursing, communication is significant and patient care needs to be improved continuously (Huber, 2017). After having the idea of improving patient, I would gather and collect data first from the published trials with the current literature which support innovation. The data I have collected I would compile it in a PowerPoint presentation that includes research information associated with the idea. Then in a staff meeting, I would present my idea. This will help me because my fellow colleagues would assist me to edit the finding and adding more information to make it perfect. I would also have some members to support me so that we can form a team. This team will join me on the board where the upper management will view the presentation. This makes the idea more realistic and only a few people can resist the change. I would present the information to the upper management verbally to ensure that the project importance is understood. I would use the corporate social responsibility model which is reproductive, standardization as well as consistency. Once the trial runs effectively, I would develop another presentation containing the stated problem and statistical research. This information can be presented using the visual graphs as well as employee accounts of experience to ensure that the idea sounds beneficial to staff, budget as well as patients (Jones, 2015). Giving visuals and the actual accounts from the employees are important when influencing the change. 

Comment 2

Motivation is an essential part to everyday life, task completion and performance results. Two types of motivation to be discussed are intrinsic and extrinsic. “Intrinsic motivation is something internal, either primal (such as the need to eat) or learned (such as the knowledge of healthful eating). Extrinsic motivation is something external and may be both positive (such as rewards) or negative (such as punishment). Repeated exposure to extrinsic motivation may help create an intrinsic motivation. (Eggenberger, Sherman & Keller, 2014)

When dealing with intrinsic motivation and example that relates to me is that of knowledge of nursing skills. I placed a great deal of motivation into my everyday tasks as a nurse, from practicing proper infection control to medication management and administration. These tasks need to be completed and with precision at that. Extrinsic motivation is a little different, an example that pertains to be would be picking up overtime at work or covering shifts that need to be filled. Currently at my place of employment we are short staffed on our 11pm to 7am shift. My work is offering an incentive to those whom are willing to work of an additional $100 dollars per shift worked. This is a reward that motivated employees to pick up overtime and coverage. 

“In any setting, high-performance work teams rarely occur naturally. They must be created and managed. To instill effective teamwork into health care, leaders need to recognize and emphasize its importance. They play a key role in helping a team develop the ability to collaborate effectively, build relationships and trust, innovate, and achieve results at a consistently high level.” ( Repovich, 2013) Characteristic that are essential are communication skills, team work ethics and motivation.