DUE IN 1 hr and 30 mins DUE AT 7:20P.M EST (TODAY).. WILL ATTACH QUESTIONS QUESTIONS. THIS IS A TIMED TEST.

ARTICLE (Is aspirin associated with diabetic retinopathy? The Singapore Epidemiology of Eye Disease (SEED) study)

PROFESSOR SAID CAN USE GUIDE IN EPIDEMIOLOGY IN PUBLIC HEALTH BY ANN ASCHENGRAU 3RD EDITION CH 14

  

Study Guide for the Article Critique

Reminders:

· Before opening the critique questions 

· As indicated by your teacher, use the guidelines in Chapter 14 of the text as well as information that has been discussed throughout the course to analyze the article.

· The checklist on pg. 365 of the text may help guide you for the critique. 

o Exhibit 14-1 Outline for Critiquing Epidemiologic Studies

· Once you have read the article and are able to articulate answers in your mind for the questions provided on pg. 365 then you may open up 

· You will randomly receive 15 questions about the article to answer. These are short-answered questions and are presented in a “test” format.

o Please make sure your responses meet academic writing standards.

o Responses do not need citations or references

o Each question is worth 5 points

o Partial credit is possible

· You are being given 2 hours to complete the questions and submit them to Blackboard. Please note that once you have opened the critique, the 2-hour time window starts and does not stop. Please be mindful of this and ensure that you are prepared and have time available to complete the critique before opening it.

· Questions that are answered after the 2-hour time window will not be graded.

· It is a relatively short research article to read so please do not feel overwhelmed 

Questions may include the following:

· Ethical concerns

· Effect modifiers

· Strength of association

· Information bias

· Inclusion criteria 

· Exclusion criteria

· Data collection methods

· Statistical test used

· Selection bias

· Statistical significance

· Future implications

· Social change implications

· Research question being asked

· Outcome of interest

· Study limitations

· Study designs

· Representation of the population

Tips for Success:

· It is important to note that research articles are comprised of the following sections:

o Title

o Abstract

o Introduction

o Materials and Methods

o Results

o Conclusions/Discussion

o Bibliography

· Typically, each section you are able to find particular information pertaining to the research question, study design, population, etc.:

o Abstract:

§ Here you would find a short summary of the entire paper. It should include goals and objectives, results, and conclusions. This is usually the last part of the paper to be written.

o Introduction:

§ It provides background on the topic, review of the literature, focus and purpose of the paper, overview of what is contained in the paper, outcome of interest, and the research question being asked.

o Methods:

§ This section describes what the researcher did and how the researcher did it. Within the methods you will be able to determine the population, where they gathered the participants of the study, data collection methods: interview, questionnaire, focus group, etc., statistical tests used, and study design used.

§ In this section you may also be able to gauge selection bias, information bias, inclusion/exclusion criteria, ethical concerns, and the effect modifier.

o Results:

§ This section simply provides the results from the statistical analysis (not an interpretation of the results). This may be displayed through graphs or tables. It will indicate whether the results are considered statistically significant or not.

o Discussion/Conclusion:

§ The discussion goes over what the results mean and why the results may have ended up as they have. The researcher is able to discuss take home messages, interesting observations, future implications, social change implications, what worked, and what did not work. 

In this portion, the reader may be able to gauge bias or ethical concerns that the researcher may have noted 

 
Case 1
The Case: The man whose antidepressants stopped working
The Question: Do depressive episodes become more difficult to treat and more recurrent over time?
The Dilemma: When can you stop antidepressant treatment and what do you do if medications that worked in the past no longer work? 

 

Write a response to the following:

• List three questions you might ask the patient if he or she were in your office. Provide a rationale for why you might ask these questions.
• Identify people in the patient’s life you would need to speak to or get feedback from to further assess the patient’s situation. Include specific questions you might ask these people and why.
• Explain what physical exams and diagnostic tests would be appropriate for the patient and how the results would be used.
• List three differential diagnoses for the patient. Identify the one that you think is most likely and explain why.
• List two pharmacologic agents and their dosing that would be appropriate for the patient’s antidepressant therapy based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. From a mechanism of action perspective, provide a rationale for why you might choose one agent over the other.
• For the drug therapy you select, identify any contraindications to use or alterations in dosing that may need to be considered based on the client’s ethnicity. Discuss why the contraindication/alteration you identify exists. That is, what would be problematic with the use of this drug in individuals of other ethnicities?
• If your assigned case includes “check points” (i.e., follow-up data at week 4, 8, 12, etc.), indicate any therapeutic changes that you might make based on the data provided.
• Explain “lessons learned” from this case study, including how you might apply this case to your own practice when providing care to patients with similar clinical presentations

           
 

Discuss disparities related to ethnic and cultural groups relative to low birth weight infants and preterm births. Describe the impact of extremely low birth weight babies on the family and on the community (short-term and long-term, including economic considerations, on-going care considerations, and co-morbidities associated with prematurity). Identify at least one support service within your community for preterm infants and their family. Provide the link for your colleagues to view. Does the service adequately address needs of this population? Explain your answer.

 

Module 02 Content

Previously, you selected an article from this list.

Diagnostic Writing Samples Articles

You also submitted a one-sentence summary of the article.
For this assignment, write a summary paragraph about your chosen article. The summary should include:

• An introductory sentence that identifies the title of the article, who wrote it, and the main idea of the article.
• At least 3-5 body sentences that identify supporting details and any questions the article left unanswered.
• A sentence that comments on the effectiveness of the article’s conclusion.
• A concluding sentence that restates the main idea and provides closure for the paragraph.
• An APA style citation for the article. For more information on APA, click on the Resources tab in this course.
• Use of appropriate, standard grammar and mechanics, as well as careful proofing. The final product should be relatively error-free.

  Write the below in an APA format with references and all the questions answered. 

The nurse is caring for a patient with diabetes type 1 who comes in for Day Surgery and takes insulin (aspart and NPH). On admission to the unit, the patient’s blood sugar is 200. 

Discuss the pathophysiology of this disease process, assessment of the patient, lab work and diagnostic tests appropriate for this patient before he goes to surgery.

Discuss the pharmacology, discuss what you would do pertaining to the blood sugar and the administration of the insulins- provide rationale, 

Discuss the nurses role in caring for this patient before and after the procedure.