Please review an article from a professional journal that relates to best practices in substance abuse treatment for multicultural offenders. Please summarize the article in at least 2-3 paragraphs and use references within your summary from the article to support your analysis. Then discuss what you found to be most informative about the article. Please ensure to provide a reference at the end of your response as well as within the narrative of your initial response to indicate what information is coming from your source. You can utilize the textbook, journal articles, or professional websites as a reference. Also, please ensure that responses to peers are at least 4-5 sentences in length and add to content or reflect on what your classmate has stated. 

week 1/je

• Have there been challenges you have faced? If so, what strategies did you employ to overcome these challenges?’

I believe it is impossible to have any type of job that you would not have to find a way to overcome certain challenges. I am a nurse on a med surg floor right now and I would day the biggest challenge I have faced so far would be staffing and nurse to patient ratio. “Nurses are the providers with the greatest presence during health care delivery, and they provide the most holistic approach to patients” (Diana J. Mason, 2016, p. 161). With that being said, on the med surg floor I work on, we sometimes have 7 patients each and it makes it close to impossible for me to feel like I am being the nurse that I know I can be and provide the care that each and every patient deserves. Being a nightshift nurse I feel like they believe we are not busy or we have a lot of down time to be able to handle these 7 patients but I feel as I do not get to spend quality time and provide the care patients need having 7 patients. Prioritizing each patients needs is the only way I’ve been able to make it through nights that we have had 7 patients each. I make sure to show up at work at least 30 minutes early to look at my assignments and see what exactly it is that I am going to be working with. 

• How do you envision your career moving forward in advocating for your patients? Your community? Yourself?

I feel like a large part of being a nurse is being a patients advocate. You have to listen to each patients wants and needs and be there to help lead them in the right direction of the care they need. It is important to listen to a patients needs and get whatever question they have regarding their health answered. Ive been a nurse for a little over a year now and I feel like I am becoming more and more of a patient advocate. I feel more comfortable and confident in the care I provide as well as educating patients and helping them form questions they may have for their doctors or other medical staff. I have recently signed on with a travel agency and I plan to start taking a few assignments here and there in hopes to help build skill and confidence in my nursing profession and be able to be more of an advocate for my community as well as myself.

Discussion 

A five-month-old Caucasian female is brought into the clinic as the parent indicates that she has been having ongoing foul-smelling, greasy diarrhea. She seems to be small for her age and a bit sickly but, her parent’s state that she has a huge appetite. Upon examination you find that the patient is wheezing and you observe her coughing. After an extensive physical exam and work-up, the patient is diagnosed with cystic fibrosis.

1. What is the etiology of cystic fibrosis?
2. Describe in detail the pathophysiological process of cystic fibrosis.
3. Identify hallmark signs identified from the physical exam and symptoms.
4. Describe the pathophysiology of complications of cystic fibrosis.
5. What teaching related to her diagnosis would you provide the parents?

In addition to the textbook, utilize at least one peer-reviewed, evidence based resource to develop your post.

Jordan is a 35-year-old woman who presents with intermittent diarrhea with cramping that is relieved by defecation. The diarrhea is not bloody or accompanied by nausea and vomiting. Review of past medical history includes some childhood “stomach issues”, HTN, and a recent cholecystectomy. She works in the environmental department of a large hotel. . She denies alcohol and cigarette.

Diagnosis: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

I.      Discuss the epidemiology of IBS?

II.     What is your treatment goals for this patient?

III.    Discuss First line and second line drug therapy for IBS. Please include pharmacotherapeutic information.

  Using APA 6th ed. Work must be supported by peer-reviewed article published within 5 years. 

1-A T-test and a Z-test are almost similar in theory, but have a different application mechanism. The major difference with these two is the size of the sample applied in each case. The t-test is appropriate for smaller samples. Any sample less that 30 units are best analysed using the t-test, while beyond 30 units require a z-test. A z-test is also better if the standard deviation is not known.  

 T tests are used to compare a given mean to the mean of the given population; it can be applied to either individual values or ones that are paired. The T test can be helpful when you do not know the standard deviation and is best utilized when your sample size is smaller (n<30 sample size) (Lango, 2015). For example, in a Z test you must know the standard 

2-Z-test- implies a hypothesis test which ascertains if the means of two datasets are different from each other when variance is given. It is based on normal distribution with a known population variance and a large sample size >30 units

 T-test- refers to a type of parametric test that is applied to identify how the means of two sets of data differ from one another when variance is not given.  It is based on student T distribution when the population is unknown and the sample size is smaller, <30 units.  

Reference

Difference Between t-test and z-test (with Comparison Chart) – Key Differences. (2018, March 10). Retrieved from https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-t-test-and-z-test.html

3-Yes, in theory these two test are common with differences only setting in when applying them. Both used in hypothesis setting, the z-test is better applicable when the standard deviation is known, and when dealing with a larger sample size. A z-test is better to use when dealing with a larger sample size than of over 30. A t-test is better when the sample size is less than 30, and when dealing with an unknown standard deviation