Disaster in the Community

Chronic Illness

Read chapter 19 and 28 of the class textbook and review the attached PowerPoint presentation.  Once done answer the following questions;

1.  Define natural and man-made disaster and mention at least one type of each one in your community.

2.  Based on the information provided in the response to the question above describe two major disasters in your community and how the concepts of community/public health were applied.

3.  Define chronic illness and mention three major chronic illnesses in your community.

4.  Discuss the financial impact of chronic illness in the community and how the cost of managing chronic illnesses can be decreased.

As stated in the syllabus the assignment must be presented in an APA format word document, Arial 12 font attached to the forum on the discussion board.  A minimum of 3 evidenced-based references must be used and 2 replies to any of your peers sustained with the appropriate references must be posted.  Only the assignment must be attached in a word document in the forum, replies do not.  References must be no older than 5 years.  A minimum of 700 words is required.  Please follow the instructions on how present a first page and the name of the assignment when you post should be Week 7 discussion questions, not my name or blackboard posting. 

Evaluating financial statements and using financial analysis methods is a critical part of the decision to make capital investments. The goal of capital management is to acquire and maintain sufficient working capital and assets. This helps an organization meet operating and expense obligations, while also keeping a sufficient cash flow. It is also a way to confirm that capital purchases and agreements are made with ethical standards. This part of your project will require you to complete two (2) article reviews and report on your findings. Then, you will apply your findings to how capital decisions can be made in your specific case; as well as comparing your viewpoint to the authors’ and recent ethical scandal. Keep in mind that you will use your article analysis to either support or disprove the purchase of an information system in the final portion of your project.

Submit a minimum 3-page report that:

· Discusses why is it more difficult for healthcare companies to get expansion financing in the today’s economic climate and financial issues with expansions.

· Describes why healthcare companies need to look beyond their banks to secure financing.

· Explains the importance of making a good case for expanding healthcare providers’ methods of calculating break-even analysis.

· Discuss non-financial factors do the authors believe need to be included in break-even analysis?

· Explain how current issues, such as the Affordable Care Act, affect break-even analysis.

· Summarizes the authors’ viewpoints and apply the concepts to your case. Also include a summary of your viewpoint in comparison to the authors’. Be sure to specifically address the methods that influence capital investments and decision-making; and explore methods of analyzing capital investments (Payback, Net Present Value, and Internal Rate of Return). This report will serve as your Capital Management section of your project.

· Analyze the key points of the Enron Scandal and specifically address how professionalism and ethics influence decision-making. How do unethical standards impact an organization’s performance and capital investments? Reference the concepts of embezzlement and losses. Explain how you maintain ethical standards in relation to Code of Ethics.

· Include an APA formatted reference page to include at least three (3) academic sources, such as a book or an academic scholarly journal, to support your topic. You should reference your academic sources by including at least three (3) in-text citations. You can use the articles outlined in the instructions, as well as information found on the Enron Scandal. Academic scholarly journals can be accessed through the Rasmussen Online Library.

Article Review #1
Read the article Expanding Credit Lines in Order to Expand which discusses the challenges related to expansion financing. 

· Discuss why is it more difficult for healthcare companies to get expansion financing in the current economic situation?

· Explain the 2 major issues with the Caribbean expansion the turnaround company found and why do you think they were brought up?

· Describe why healthcare companies need to look beyond their banks to secure financing?

Article Review #2
Read the article The New Break-Even Analysis which looks at expanding how healthcare providers look at break-even analysis and includes some non-financial considerations. 

· Do you think the authors make a good case for expanding healthcare providers’ methods of calculating break-even analysis? Why or Why Not?

· Discuss non-financial factors do the authors believe need to be included in break-even analysis?

· Explain how the Affordable Care Act affect break-even analysis?

Ethical Scandal
The ‘Enron Scandal’ involving acts of embezzlement is one of the most well-known financial, ethic scandals in modern day history. Perform a web search of the Enron Corporation Scandal to find more information.

Use the following websites on ethics to help support your course of action in upholding ethical standards.

· Five Top Ethical Issues in Healthcare

· American College of Healthcare Executives (ACHE) Code of Ethics

****SAMPLE PAPER OF WHAT IS EXPECTED IS ATTACHED PLEASE DONT COPY THIS PAPER IT SHOWS A LAYOUT OF WHAT IS EXPECTED*

Option 1:  Promoting Population Health

New legislation in your state (FLORIDA) has mandated that the majority of funds allocated for public health efforts in your community be devoted to health promotion activities rather than to care of clients with existing health problems.  

Some of the major health problems encountered in the state at this time include: 1)  cardiovascular disease, 

2) domestic violence,  

3) untreated mental illness; 

4) opioid addiction.

Please address ALL of the following questions related to this scenario:

-Which of these issues would be most amenable to health promotion strategies and interventions?  Why?

-Choose one of the four health problems listed above and design a set of interventions to address it.  

-Discuss the four P’s of social marketing related to the problem selected.  

-How might you segment your target audience?

Must include at least 2 peer reviewed nursing journal articles as reference 

Must be in APA

“Professional Roles and Responsibilities”

Family nurse practitioners (FNPs) are graduate-educated, nationally-certified and state licensed advanced practice registered nurses (APRNs) who care for medically stable patients across the lifespan, from infants to geriatric patients. 

Share your thoughts

1. What are the educational requirements to practice as a FNP?
2. According to the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN), what is the recommended terminal degree to prepare nurse practitioners. 
3. Who determines the scope of practice for FNPs?
4. Who defines it? Who Credentials and what is the role of a Professional and Political Organization in defining the role? 
5. See rubric

Discussion 3

Much of the ongoing debate over scope-of-practice (SoP) laws that govern the practice of nurse practitioners (NPs) across the country focuses on the cost of and access to health care and on whether these laws legitimately promote patient safety or are simply anticompetitive restrictions on NPs’ ability to compete with physicians. After completing the following CE activity at Medscape https://www.medscape.org/viewarticle/506277_1 ( sign for the free account), please answer the following questions:

Should an NP who is educationally prepared as an acute care NP work in an adult primary care setting? 

Is it within the scope for an FNP to diagnose and treat uncomplicated mental health conditions like depression, anxiety, and ADHD?

Are there any restrictions for the FNP to treat patients with mood disorders and to prescribe them antipsychotics or SSRIs ?

Discussion 4:

CS/SB 614 authorizes  an ARNP to prescribe, dispense, administer, or order any drug, which would include controlled substances.

ARNP disciplinary sanctions are added to the bill in s. 456.072, F.S., (Section 5) to mirror a physician’s sanctions for prescribing or dispensing a controlled substance other in the course of professional practice or failing to meet practice standards. Additional acts for which discipline may be taken against an ARNP relating to practicing with controlled substances that are added to the Nurse Practice Act (Section 10) include:

 Presigning blank prescription forms.

 Prescribing a Schedule II for office use.

 Prescribing, dispensing, or administering an amphetamine or sympathomimetic amine drug, except for specified conditions.

 Prescribing, dispensing, or administering certain hormones for muscle-building or athletic performance.

 Promoting or advertising a pharmacy on a prescription form unless the form also states that the prescription may be filled at the pharmacy of your choice.

 Prescribing, dispensing, or administering drugs, including controlled substances, other than in the course of his or her professional practice.

 Prescribing, dispensing, or administering a controlled substance to himself or herself.

 Prescribing, dispensing, or administering laetrile.

 Dispensing a controlled substance listed in Schedule II or Schedule III in violation of the requirements for dispensing practitioners in the Pharmacy Practice Act.

 Promoting or advertising controlled substances.

After reading the following news article http://c-hit.org/2015/04/06/high-prescribing-nurse-surrenders-drug-licenses/

Identify what issues may arise with prescriptive authority of controlled substances and how you may avoid these situations? 

This week, students will be completing a paper to address the following two case studies.

Greg Case Study:

Peggy and Gary had been married for five years, and had been trying to have a child. They had undergone artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization, but each pregnancy had resulted in a miscarriage. Peggy and Gary decide that surrogacy was their best option and placed an advertisement in the local college newspaper.

Josephine, a 21-year-old college student, answered the advertisement. At the time, she was dating a man named Jerry who she loved very much and hoped to marry. But Jerry had recently broken up with Josephine. Hoping to trick Jerry into marrying her, Josephine agreed to be the surrogate for Peggy and Gary. Using Peggy and Gary’s zygote, Josephine underwent in vitro fertilization and became pregnant. During the pregnancy Josephine underwent routine medical examinations, as required by the surrogacy contract. During one of the examinations, a genetic screening test was performed and it was discovered that the child had Down Syndrome. Peggy and Gary did not desire to have a child with Down Syndrome and in accordance with the surrogacy contract paid Josephine to undergo an abortion. In addition, Josephine contacted Jerry, telling him that she was carrying his child. Not wanting to be a husband or father at a young age, Jerry paid Josephine for an abortion as well. He then transferred to another school in a different state.

As a college student who could use the cash, Josephine gladly took the money for the abortion. But because of religious reasons she did not have an abortion and carried the child to term. She never told Peggy, Gary, or Jerry that she delivered a child. Unfortunately, being a single mother and college student was too much for Josephine. At three months, she took the child, whom she called Greg, to the local hospital and surrendered him under the state’s Safe Haven law.  

Address the following questions:

1. Shortly after the child was surrendered, Jerry found out that Josephine had delivered a child, which he thought was his. Jerry’s parents completed the paperwork necessary to adopt Greg, because they could not fathom the idea of someone else raising their grandchild. Should Jerry’s parents be allowed to adopt Greg? Explain and support your answer.
2. Shortly after the child’s second birthday, Greg needed to have minor surgery to correct an intestinal problem. Part of the pre-surgery laboratory work involved determining the child’s blood type. The blood typing indicated that it was biologically impossible for Jerry to have fathered Greg. Jerry and Jerry’s parents are now suing Josephine. Should Josephine have to pay the amount of money it cost to raise and support Greg? Explain and support your answer.
3. As part of her testimony in the lawsuit, Josephine discloses the truth about Greg and the surrogacy pregnancy. Although enraged, Jerry’s parents felt it necessary to contact Peggy and Gary. When Peggy and Gary learn that their biological child had actually been born, they petitioned the court to have their child returned to them and to award them custody. How should the court decide? Should the child remain with Jerry’s parents or be given to Peggy and Gary? Explain and support your answer.

Baby Fae Case Study

On October 14, 1984, Baby Fae was born two weeks premature, with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (a condition that at the time was 100 percent fatal). Baby Fae’s mother, Teresa Beauclair, was presented with two options; keep the child in the hospital or take the child home. Teresa opted to take the child home, and was preparing to go through the dying process until Dr. Leonard Bailey presented her with a third option. The highly experimental surgery involved replacing Baby Fae’s heart with that of a baboon. Dr. Bailey had been investigating the possibility of cross-species transplantation and discussed his research with Teresa, gaining her consent to the operation. As you can image, the medical procedure was publicized across the United States and animal rights activists were outraged and protested.

While initially, the operation appeared to be successful, Baby Fae’s organs started to fail, leading to her death 21 days after the transplant surgery was performed. In announcing her death at a press conference, Dr. Bailey stated, “Infants with heart disease yet to be born will someday soon have the opportunity to live, thanks to the courage of this infant and her parents.” One year later, the first human to human heart transplant was performed in a child. Dr. Bailey credits the success, in part, to the information and experience that was gained by performing the xenotransplant (Cross-species) procedure.

Address the following questions:

1. What is your initial reaction to this case? What ethical concerns does this case bring up in relation to: autonomy, nonmaleficence, beneficence, fidelity, and justice? Explain and give specific examples.
2. The study of animal research has led to many advances in diabetes, cancer, neurological conditions, and cardiac. Currently, pig and bovine valves are still used in heart surgeries. Do you feel research on animals is necessary in the medical field? Explain your answer.
3. If you were caring for baby Fae, how could the following information effect your interaction with the parents, and possible care of the child? Do you feel information about the family: their past, current status, and criminal record, should be publicized or shared? Explain your answers.

After the transplant, NBC news released this information:

“NBC News has learned the identity of the child’s parents. We will respect their wishes and not name them. However, certain aspects of their past might be relevant to some of the medical controversies in this case. According to relative and court records, the couple was never married. They had separated by the time the infant was born. Both have had trouble with the law in the state they came from, the father for disorderly conduct, and the mother for passing bad checks. They had little money when the baby was born.”

• For each of these cases an APA formatted paper must be used, and should include a title page, level headings, references and citations.
• This assignment should include at least 3 references and
• Should be at least three pages in length for each case (six pages, not including title page and references).
• Students should address the proposed questions providing ample detail, examples, and additional support.