I need a 2 or 3 sentence comment for each paragraph

Paragraph 1

Healthcare has shifted from improving sanitation, to disease prevention, to health promotion. In “…the early 19th century, infectious diseases were widespread and difficult to contain largely because of the lack of proper sanitation methods, including insufficient disinfection of drinking water and improper removal of human waste. During this time, health was viewed in basic terms as being free of disease” (Falkner, 2018). However, there has been a shift in the definition of health, especially with healthcare focusing on improving access to primary and preventative health services. “The goal is to create a culture of health in which health promotion and disease prevention is the focus rather than seeking treatment after disease has set in” (Falkner, 2018). Nurses are always thinking about ways to get in front of a problem before a problem gets to a patient, and this is especially important when providing care with the improved vision on health promotion and disease prevention. Nurses should understand the provisions in Healthy People 2020: and nurses are pivotal in educating patients to take control of their health to maintain a healthy state and thus prevent disease. Wellness, which is the “State of well-being that is not necessarily equated with the absence of disease, ability to adapt, and continue to function and live life well are contributing factors to wellness” (Falkner, 2018), goes hand-in-hand with health. The hospital system I work for incorporates these concepts by providing more holistic options to patients and employees. For example, there are mediation stations throughout the hospital. Another example is in the ICU where I work; recently some of the nurses that I work with and me all found a ton of evidence-based research on the benefits of essential oils for critically ill patients. Now we have lavender oil and cardamom/grapefruit oil available on our unit and use them regularly in certain patients. We are currently running our own unit-based project to see if there is a decrease in sedation use when essential oils are on board. While it is crucial for nurses to continue to use evidence-based practice, it is exciting to be able to incorporate more holistic/wellness modalities in delivery of nursing care; especially because these more wellness-based modalities are becoming increasing studied and accepted in evidence-based practice. 

Paragraph 2

Traditionally, health was defined as the absence of illness with great emphasize on the role of clinical diagnosis and intervention. Early 1990s, the main cause of death were infectious diseases such as pneumonia, caused by viruses and bacteria. Therefore, the definition of health during the 1990s was based on freedom from illness. Due to medical advancement over the years, infectious diseases can be cured and prevented. The ensuing discussion describes the changes in the concept of health. With the control of infectious diseases, in modern days the main cause of poor health is life-styles (Polsen & Borui, 2015). Therefore, the concept of heath has shifted its focus from illness to wellness, a positive broad health approach that includes intellectual, social, physical, and emotional well-being. Wellness refers to putting more effort to live your life to the fullest potential and conducting activities that prevent diseases. Overall wellness is an active process of change to enhance complete physical, social, and mental wellbeing. Traditionally, health was considered the opposite of illness, therefore, people were concerned with treating diseases rather than promoting health. World Health Organization changed the view of health from disease to a full life perspective. Thus, health promotion has become a priority in the modern society. Currently, health promotion encompasses efforts to promote health while preventing injuries and diseases through education, good working conditions, and policies that facilitate a healthy lifestyle. Nurses need to implement health interventions through evidence-based practices because these practices foster for efficient, effective and safeness in the health sector. Nurse’s aims to improve caregiving and enhance high quality intended patient’s outcomes through evidence-based practice (Steven, 2013). In conclusion, the concept of health and health promotion has transformed over time due to the changes in the predisposing conditions. Traditionally, the concept of health was concerned with treating illness, however, this increased the incidence of infectious diseases. Due to the high incidence of infectious diseases, the concept of health changed into the state of well-being and promoting health.

comment1.

The inappropriate use of statistical methods and techniques cause time and money and can be misleading to other researchers, the most common statistical error sources are determined examining the previous medical researches and taking errors into account occurred in researches during statistical consulting (Iiker Ercan). There are several errors that researchers easily commit if they lack solid statistical background. The mistake in the studies mostly occur because of the researchers lack statistical knowledge and since they don’t take statistical consulting, unbiased, consistent and efficient parameter estimates are made in statistics.

 In my own opinion, from what I have learn so far in this course, there are lots of inappropriate use of statistics in our every day life. I read in an article in the “preventive guide” discussing a topic “Walk off Weight and bye bye belly fat, walk a little and Lose a lot”, This article discussed how you will walk and, in few weeks, you lose 5 inches in just weeks. This article did not go into detail to discuss other things that the participant was doing like the feeding and other exercises that might be involved to achieve the desired goal. Anybody looking at this statement will believe that you just walk and lose that weight and uses the program and when it does not happen as stated the person will be disappointed.

Look also at people in cooking commercials, in 1 minute they started cooking and the next minute the food is done and ready to serve, that is inappropriate presentation of statistics.

comment 2.

After having basic knowledge of statistical terminology in clinical research some ways that I can recognize inappropriate use of statistics can lead to false conclusions. For example, misuse of p values for significance testing can lead to an increase in errors or analyzing data inappropriately can also cause result in reporting bias. According to Charan and Saxena ( 2015) one of the most mistakes during clinical trial research is the misuse of statistical test, or inappropriate tests. In this case the data distribution can be skewed if sample sizes are too small. Charan and Saxena (2015) also discuss the use of wrong statistical testing affecting the results or conclusions in clinical trial research.

TOPIC: Care Delivery or Nursing Model Change 

There will be times when the doctorally prepared advance practice nurse will need to suggest a nursing model change or a change in care delivery. It will be important for the doctorally prepared advanced practice nurse to have an understanding of how to deliver information and what information should be shared with an audience.

This assignment will give you practice with presentation software along with preparing you to provide specific information for your proposed changes. This is a two-part assignment that will also give you practice in presenting to administrators.

General Requirements:

Use the following information to ensure successful completion of the assignment:

• Doctoral      learners are required to use APA style for their writing assignments. 
• This      assignment requires that at least three additional scholarly research      sources related to this topic, and at least one in-text citation from each      source be included.

Directions:

Part One:

Create a 12-15 slide presentation (PowerPoint, include slide notes or voice over; Prezi, include voice over) that presents a proposed care delivery or nursing model change for a department that aligns costs, quality, and health that supports the care of patients across the continuum. Include the following:

1. Background      of issue
2. The      proposed solution
3. How      solution meets need of population (stakeholders, cost, and payer to      proposed change)
4. Proposed      change process to implement delivery model
5. Expected      outcomes
6. Implications      that are realistic and aligned with current and future health care      financing

Part Two:

1. Present      your presentation to at least one administrator.

Write a brief summary, 100-250 words, of the feedback given to you by the administrator(s).

You are required to complete your assignment using real-world application. Real-world application requires the use of evidence-based data, contemporary theories, and concepts presented in the course. The culmination of your assignment must present a viable application in a current practice setting. 

Resources

Financial and Business Management for the Doctor of Nursing Practice

Read chapters 2, 4, and 5.

URL: http://gcumedia.com/digital-resources/springer-publishing-company/2012/financial-and-business-management-for-the-doctor-of-nursing-practice_ebook_1e.php

Sage, W. M. (2016). Minding Ps and Qs: The political and policy questions framing health care spending. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 44(4), 559-568

URL:https://lopes.idm.oclc.org/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=ccm&AN=120397894&site=ehost-live&scope=site

 Purpose: PICO questions are used by practicing nurses and researchers to focus research questions and develop an efficient literature search strategy.  It is essential that future nurses learn how to do this to develop evidence-based solutions to patient care problems in a healthcare organization. 

Please I need the PDFs of all the four articles you are going to use to be included in the submission

 The articles must be from 2016 to 2021. Please “No Plagiarism”

Instructions:

1. Write a PICO question based on a scenario you choose from the list of scenarios attached below.  Use the templates in the EBP Step by Step 3 article to help create your questions. You may need to do a pre-search to finding an intervention (the “I”) that has been studied and published to solve the problem.
2. Identify the PICO elements for each question. 
3. Develop a search strategy using at least 3 keywords from the P, I, and O parts of your PICO, 1 synonym for one of the keywords, and 1 MeSH term for one of your keywords. 
4. Locate 4 articles that help answer your PICO question.  The articles must meet the following requirements: 
   • must be primary source quantitative research articles.  
   • No article can be published prior to 2016. 
5. Obtain pdfs of the four articles you selected from the school database.  They must show the full text of the entire article. If not available for the school database, you may request access from the school Library, or you can email me the citation for the article, and I will attempt to locate a pdf of it. 
6. On a Word document, include your scenario; write your PICO question as a sentence; identify the P, I, C, and O for each question; and list the search terms (3 keywords, 1 synonym, 1 MeSH term) for each. You may use the template attached here. See also the link to the MeSH terms website below.
7. Provide a properly formatted APA reference page for your selected articles from Step 4 of these instructions. See the link to the APA and Writing LibGuide below.
8. Name each document (one Word doc and 4 article pdfs) as follows and upload to this submission folder:  
   • Lastname PICO, 
   • Lastname article 1,
   • Lastname article 2,
   • Lastname article 3,
   • Lastname article 4

Review the roles and functions of a professional nurse found in Chapter 1 of your textbook. The roles include 1. caregiver, 2. communicator, 3. Teacher/educator, 4. Counselor, 5. Leader, 6. Researcher, 7. Advocate and 8. Collaborator. 

Write a 2-3 page paper using APA format. Identify one strength you bring to each role and one area you need to develop.