APA format 1 and half pages long 4 peer review references 2 from walden university library

 

Prostate Cancer

            Prostate cancer is one of the most common forms of cancer diagnosed in men, second to skin cancer. Although causative factors are still being studied and explored, prostate cancer is thought to be dependent upon hormones, with links found between advanced age and androgens. It has been found that increased estrogen and decreased dihydrotestosterone (DHT) related to age have strong correlations with prostate cancer. It is the increase in estrogen that creates the problem, as testosterone is known to cause prostate hypertrophy but not malignancy. Other theories describe repeated injury to the prostate’s epithelium by means of carcinogens, toxins, autoimmune diseases, and inflammation. This repeated injury causes a hyper prolific state that can translate to cancer (Huether & McCance, 2017).

            Early screening is preferred because symptoms usually do not occur until advanced disease. Screening is performed by digital rectal exam and serum PSA levels. Prostate cancer will metastasize to the pelvis, bowel, lymph, rectum, and spine (Arcangelo, Peterson, Wilbur, & Reinhold, 2017).

Treatment

            Treatment can include surgical prostatectomy, pharmacotherapy, chemotherapy, radiation, or a combination, dependent upon stage and type (Arcangelo, Peterson, Wilbur, & Reinhold, 2017). Since prostate cancer needs androgens to grow, androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) is the first line of treatment. These medications can prevent the cancer cells from receiving testosterone or reduce the amount of testosterone made altogether and ultimately slow down and/or reduce the size of the tumor. It is not a cure and many side effects can be unpleasant, including hot flashes, erectile dysfunction, osteopenia, increase in adipose tissue and weight gain (Drugs.com, 2012). Eventually, the cancer will become “castration resistant” and treatment options will need to change, mostly including novel androgen receptor targeting

agents and chemotherapy (Shiota & Eto, 2016). Patients should be educated on the need for long term treatment, medication side effects, and medication importance in order to increase compliance.

References

Arcangelo, V. P., Peterson, A. M., Wilbur, V. &  Reinhold, J. A.  (Eds.). (2017). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice: A practical approach (4th ed.). Ambler, PA:  Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Drugs.com. (2012). Prostate Cancer. Retrieved from https://www.drugs.com/mcd/prostate-cancer.

Huether, S. E., & McCance, K. L. (2017). Understanding  pathophysiology (6th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Mosby.

Shiota, M., & Eto, M. (2016). Current status of primary pharmacotherapy and future perspectives toward upfront therapy for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. International Journal of Urology, 23(5), 360-369. doi:10.1111/iju.13091

Case Study: Jane, a 20-year-old female, tests positive for the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). She has only been sexually active for a year, although no other likely means of transmission can be identified. At present she does not have any symptoms.

1. Relate history to the diagnosis. What risk factors are present, and how does each predispose to disease?

2. Explain the cause of the disease in this patient.

3. How could this disease have been prevented in this patient?

4. Discuss the complications that might develop in this patient.

5. Discuss the treatments available to the patient.

6. What is the probable prognosis for this patient?

-I need 3 pages excluding abstract and conclusions

-Answer all the questions about in order and in narrative way

-APA style

-2 or 3 References

-NO PLAGIARISM

     please no plagiarism, 5 pages and fallow the rubic 

     

Quantitative Research Design. Rigor and Validity in   Quantitative Research.

Title Page: Title of   article, journal information and your name and date

1 point

Your score

 

Abstract: Brief summary of   article (1-2 paragraphs)

1 points

 

The Problem: (2 or 3   paragraphs)

Is the problem clearly stated?

Is the problem practically important?

What is the purpose of the study?

What is the hypothesis?

Are the key terms defined?

3 points

 

Review of Literature: (1   -2 paragraphs)

Are the cited sources pertinent to the study?

Is the review too broad or too narrow?

Are the references recent?

Is there any evidence of bias?

2 points

 

Design and Procedures:   (3-4 paragraphs)

What research methodology was used?

Was it a replica study or an original study?

What measurement tools were used?

How were the procedures structures?

Was a pilot study conducted?

What are the variables?

How was sampling performed?

3 points

 

Data analysis and   Presentation: (1 – 2 paragraphs)

2 points

 

How was data analyzed?

Did findings support the hypothesis and purpose?

Were weaknesses and problems discussed?

 

Conclusions and   Implications: (2-3 paragraphs)

3 points

 

Are the conclusions of the study related to the   original purpose?

Were the implications discussed?

Whom the results and conclusions will affect?

What recommendations were made at the conclusion?

What is your overall assessment of the study and   the article?

 

Total

15 points 

(100%)

 

Grade 

2 postsCAT: Classroom Assessment Technique (points considered)

Class, what are the most prominent social determinants of health (SDOH) that you encounter, in your facility/specialty or in your unit? The type of SDOH prevelance can vary from location, facility type, and/or specialty designation of the unit one may work on; furthermore, there many be different SDOH’s that are more common at your place of work, versus the next colleague’s place of work. Please elaborate and provide a scholarly source to support these statistics, if you feel lead to add this extra little piece. I look forward to reading your response and further discussion

By the due date assigned, submit the Informed Consent Letter to the Submissions Area (please note that this is only an example and no data may be collected).

    Informed Consent Letter   

• Procedure section is clear, described in detail, specific, and all inclusive. Written in lay language (as documented by reading level score). Includes risks and benefits relevant to study. Address assent (if applicable).
  • Informed Consent Letter Example
  • IRB Application