Theory Utilization and Application Paper Using the nursing theory by Hildegard Peplau’s Theory of Interpersonal Relations in Nursing which consists of the Orientation phase, working phase, termination phase, and working phase, identify an area of interest in nursing, locate examples of the theory’s application and utilization in practice. Additionally, opportunities for enhancement of existing nursing environments by utilization of theory application will be addressed. The paper should be no more than ten typewritten pages, using appropriate APA format. Theory Usage and Application Paper – Guidelines and Grading Criteria In this paper, you will describe a nursing theory and its application to nursing practice. This paper should be no more than 10 pages long. It should coincide with the theory presentation that you have submitted. The focus of this paper is on the application of theory to nursing practice. A brief description of the components of the theory should be presented in this paper, however, since this should be done in your presentation the focus here will be on application. The proposed guidelines are based on Chinn and Kramer (2004). 

Criteria 

APA format please use resources with in the last 5 years and most of all DO NOT TURNITIN

Components of the theory 

• Major concepts of theory 

• Philosophical basis/underpinnings; worldview 

• Conceptual model (if available) 

Structural aspects of the theory (including but not limited to) 

• Assumptions, theorems, propositions, etc.

• relations of concepts and assumptions 

• clarity, simplicity, and ease of application of theory

• consistency and adequacy of theory 

Use of theory in: 

• nursing practice

• nursing education 

• nursing administration 

• nursing research 

A literature review will provide the basis for this section 

Identify an area of your practice where this theory could be applicable. 

• The area may be used to theory test, theory generate, etc.

• What is the question that the theory will help to answer? 

• Describe the area of interest in relation to the theory/theoretical model. Why or how is it appropriate to use this theory. 

• Discuss the use of theory in pursuing this area of interest. What are the steps /methods that you might use? 

• Are there weaknesses in this theory that make it difficult to use in real situations? If so, what are they? 

Evaluation of theory – your thoughts about the theory 

• How “user friendly” is the theory? 

• What are some of the difficulties you encountered or would you anticipate you might encounter in trying to use this theory. 

• What would make this theory more usable or applicable to practice, and why? 

L.N. is a 49-year-old white woman with a history of type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and migraine headaches. The patient was diagnosed with type 2 diabetes 9 years ago when she presented with mild polyuria and polydipsia. L.N. is 5′4″ and has always been on the large side, with her weight fluctuating between 165 and 185 lb.

Initial treatment for her diabetes consisted of an oral sulfonylurea with the rapid addition of metformin. Her diabetes has been under fair control with a most recent hemoglobin A1c of 7.4%.

Hypertension was diagnosed 5 years ago when blood pressure (BP) measured in the office was noted to be consistently elevated in the range of 160/90 mmHg on three occasions. L.N. was initially treated with lisinopril, starting at 10 mg daily and increasing to 20 mg daily, yet her BP control has fluctuated.

One year ago, microalbuminuria was detected on an annual urine screen, with 1,943 mg/dl of microalbumin identified on a spot urine sample. L.N. comes into the office today for her usual follow-up visit for diabetes. Physical examination reveals an obese woman with a BP of 154/86 mmHg and a pulse of 78 bpm.

Questions

1. What are the effects of controlling BP in people with diabetes?
2. What is the target BP for patients with diabetes and hypertension?
3. Which antihypertensive agents are recommended for patients with diabetes?